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EN
The article concerns a document of Albert, duke of Strzelce, issued on May 30, 1328. The document itself is lost. It is known only from one sentence in the 2nd volume of Codex diplomaticus Silesiae and from register compiled by Augustin Weltzel and Friedrich von Schirnding. Both researchers used a translation of the document by Jucundinus Pientak, which is a basis of this source edition.
EN
This study contributes to the research on anti-Hussite propaganda and on the policies of Sigismund of Luxembourg. The subject of analysis is represented by Sigismund’s writings and correspondence (diplomas, public and private letters) which contain to varying degrees several propaganda passages. From the viewpoint of form and content and compared to the papal and imperial anti-Hussite campaigns, these passages do not represent a novelty if not for the fact that their formulations were determined by the political interest of Emperor Sigismund. It manifested itself through a variety of nuances depending on the type of environment for which the documents were intended for – whether the Catholic (both in the Czech lands and the Empire) or the Hussite. For Emperor Sigismund these propaganda texts fulfilled two roles – on the one hand they presented him as the defender of Catholic orthodoxy and of the Church, while on the other hand they justified his own policies against the Hussites.
EN
The project: The Polish Crown Metrica of King Ladislaus IV Vasa. Summarizing of the Books from the Central Archivess of the Historical Records in Warsaw, 1633–1648, carried out under the National Programme for the Development of Humanities in years 2014–2018, has been completed. Within its framework almost 5200 summaries were made in Polish, and they are now available on-line at http://agad.gov.pl/metrykalia.html. Royal documents pertain to various areas of operation of the society, and they constitute an important source for understanding of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Plans for continuation are being made, to cover the reign of Jan Kazimierz Vasa, 1648–1668
EN
The core of this article deals with the use of language in the diplomatic texts written in Silesia throughout the 14th century. Main focus is on the administrative offices of the territorial lord and their produce directed towards the towns, as well as the resources based in town’s offices and the language in which these are written. Individual towns are dealt with individually as well as from the viewpoint of belonging to a certain duchy and region, where the practice in terms of using a certain language may have been different.
EN
The author focuses on the creation of the monarchical administration in Upper Lusatia as one of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, after the mid-16th century, when significant changes in this area were made. The supreme powers were essentially divided between two officials who were also the sovereign’s representatives in the land: the traditional reeve and the newly established governor.
EN
The project: The Polish Crown Metrica of King Ladislaus IV Vasa. Summarizing of the Books from the Central Archivess of the Historical Records in Warsaw, 1633–1648, carried out under the National Programme for the Development of Humanities in years 2014–2018, has been completed. Within its framework almost 5200 summaries were made in Polish, and they are now available on-line at http://agad.gov.pl/metrykalia.html. Royal documents pertain to various areas of operation of the society, and they constitute an important source for understanding of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Plans for continuation are being made, to cover the reign of Jan Kazimierz Vasa, 1648–1668
EN
The article presents an analysis of an interesting document issued by Duke Przemysł II of Greater Poland for Piotr Winiarczyc of Gniezno. Contrary to doubts of some scholars, it is undoubtedly authentic and was probably issued on 25 August 1283. The enclosed edition offers a text differing significantly from the version known from the earlier editions.
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę interesującego dokumentu księcia wielkopolskiego Przemysła II dla Piotra Winiarczyca z Gniezna. Wbrew podnoszonym wątpliwościom jest on niewątpliwie autentyczny, a wystawiony został zapewne 25 VIII 1283. Załączona edycja przynosi tekst różniący się istotnie od znanego z wcześniejszych wydań.
EN
The specialists researching the Templars history are familiar with the marquis of Albon: his The Cartulary of the Templar Commandery (Cartulaire général de l’Ordre du Temple) issued in 1913 is the basis of all studies on the beginnings of the first chivalric order in history. The less known is The handwritten cartulary, collected by the insatiable of work writer: 71 volumes stored in the French National Library provides an unmatched set of copies from various sources, drafted in the main European archives, starting with the same origin and ending with the trial of the convent. The first part of the article presents an intellectual way and working methods of a researcher, who was above all a noble scholar of his age. His project to prepare a complete set of sources on the Knights Templar is matching perfectly to the excitement caused by the willingness to document, which seized then the researchers across the Europe concerned about their own participation in the great national work. It is additionally mentioned about the method, which presided the realization of the cartulary written by hand, as well as its value for contemporary historian. The second part shows the contribution of the marquis’ of Albon art in relation to the awareness of the history of the Order of Oriental Templars. The published cartulary indeed contains important acts issued by the authorities of the Crusader states, but a large number of them were already issued elsewhere. Drawn up and unpublished copies collected in the volume 59 of this issue appear to be even more valuable for the historian. One can find here especially agreements between the Templars and the Hospitallers, diplomas issued by Christian principalities of the East, as well as very useful series of correspondence. While significant number of the copies concerning the East is already present in various publications, then the huge edition by marquis of Albon did not reveal all of the secrets and could serve as a basis for future publishing ventures, which are the sources regarding Knights Templar.
EN
The article deals with the formation of the leading special historical disciplines (further – SHD) in the native science, that study certain types of historical sources and develop theoretical and methodological basis of this research. It is emphasized, that special historical disciplines have come a long way of development and not at once became the special. In the ХІХ-th century, they had the status of auxiliary historical disciplines. The article highlights the stages of development of SHD from the second half of the ХІХ-th century – till the beginning of the XXI century, in particular pre-soviet, soviet and modern periods. At the beginning of the XXI century the majority Ukrainian researchers agrees with the need to rename the previously used “auxiliary historical discipline” to “special historical discipline”. In the pre-soviet period the role of the major SHD as paleography, diplomatics, metrology, genealogy, sphragistics and heraldry in the native science has increased considerably since they acquired the status of independent scientific “auxiliary historical disciplines”, and some of them are taught in the universities of Lviv, Kharkiv, Kiev, Novorossiisk for training of professional historians. The article revealed the contribution of prominent native scientists to development of studios of SHD (I. Sreznevskyi, D. Yavornytskyi, I. Kamanin, V. Lukomskyi, V. Modzalevskyi, I. Krypiakevych, O. Lazarevskyi and others). The Soviet period was characterized by a continuation of development and becoming of fully new auxiliary historical disciplines that appropriately began to stand out from the classic SHD. Thus codicology and filigranology separated from palaeography, getting the own object of study. At present there is further differentiation of SHD, extension study of “Ukrainian documentary material”, native experts have productively comprehended the achievements of predecessors and have prepared professional publications. Therefore, the article presents the studies that define the basic aspects of SHD studios’ development and their place in the Ukrainian historical science. It is marked that recently has observed strengthening of attention of scientists to history, theory and methodology of SHD.
EN
Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, czy dokument Konrada mazowieckiego dla biskupstwa płockiego z 1203 r. jest falsyfikatem i kiedy został sporządzony. Analiza wykazała, że dokument powstał pod koniec XIV w., natomiast opisane w nim uposażenie biskupstwa płockiego pochodzi z początku XIII w. The purpose of the paper is to ascertain if the document of Konrad of Masovia is a forgery and when it was made. Its analysis showed that it was written up at the end of the 14th century, while the possessions of the bishopric of Płock described in it come from the beginning of the 13th century.
EN
This paper is an attempt to answer the question: can the process of historical source construction be a way of responding to national catastrophe? The primary meaning of the word catastrophe is the unexpected but logical conclusion of a play. Although the word "catastrophe" has changed its meaning, it still retains its connotation. It is not a meaningless ending. History cannot be the cure for catastrophe in the classical sense. Its effects are well described by the idea of Pharmakon, which we can find in Plato. Pharmakon is both a medicine and a poison. A person suffering a catastrophe is not cured, but rather is inebriated by history. It is what gives one the strength to survive the trauma of catastrophe. Historians are no exception. The second half of the article is a concrete example (case‑study) of how, under the guise of objective studies of historical documents, historians create realities that help them to relive (but not cure) the trauma of catastrophe. Often the historical source is perceived as an immutable, natural basis for the construction of a historical narrative. A historical source has no nationality, but it can obtain it. The most popular and simple way is the publication of new (or first) historical sources edition as "nationals" This article examines a specific example of the race between Polish and German historians (after 1945) on the issue of publishing historical sources concerning mediaeval Silesian history. Since the very same documents had to be published, the primacy in publication of new editions had to determine its "nationality".
PL
Artykuł dotyczy paszportów wymaganych przy odbywaniu podróży od konstytucji sejmowej z 15 XII 1789 r. do końca istnienia Rzeczypospolitej. Wydawały je komisje porządkowe cywilno-wojskowe, kancelarie grodzkie, władze miejskie oraz administracje majątków ziemskich. Tekst został opracowany na podstawie akt komisji lubelskiej, łukowskiej oraz chełmskiej i stanowi wstępne rozpoznanie tego problemu. Zawiera informacje o treści paszportów, ich formie i praktyce sporządzania oraz wykorzystywania.
EN
The article concerns passports required for travels, issued in period from the Seym constitution from December 15th 1789 until the end of the Republic. Passports were issued by civil and military public order commissions, municipal chanceries, city administration and manor administration. The article was based on records of commissions from Lublin, Łuków and Chełm, and is an initial insight into this problem. The article comprises information on the content of passports and their form, as well as manners of production and use.
EN
Contemporary methodology is crucially important for conducting any research which can be called scientific. This pertains also to the area of literary studies and linguistics in a broad sense. Palaeography, which is no longer just one of the many auxiliary sciences of history, has a major role to fulfil in this respect. The most important issue is that owing to the new approach in the palaeographic and codicological studies it is possible to verify information about dating of a text, as well as the place and background of its creation and its further fate. In this way, several mistakes in the analysed texts have already been corrected. The aim of the presented paper is to indicate, on the basis of the selected examples, a need to undertake studies on Greek palaeography in connection with codicology and diplomatics and to encourage reflection on the links between Greek palaeography and, e.g., history and transmission of the text. Examples of works, analysed with contemporary tools and methods of palaeography (here specifically Greek), present the perspectives in research on texts and point to the need for new reflection on known texts which can be revised today in previously unavailable manuscripts owing to the contemporary multispectral methods, which can cast a new light both on theories of ancient philosophers and on other antique texts.
PL
Współczesna metodologia jest niezwykle ważna dla prowadzenia wszelkich badań, które noszą miano naukowych. Paleografia, która nie jest już jedynie jedną z wielu nauk pomocniczych historii, ma w tym zakresie ogromną rolę do spełnienia. Najistotniejsze w niej jest to, że nowe, całościowe spojrzenie na materiał rękopiśmienny pozwala zweryfikować jego datację, miejsce i środowisko, w którym powstał. W artykule zaprezentowano przykładowe wyniki prac prowadzonych nad rękopisami greckimi w zbiorach krakowskich (w Bibliotece Jagiellońskiej UJ oraz Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich), które odnoszą się do tak istotnych kwestii, jak: identyfikacja skryby, określenie datacji oraz lokalizacji powstania danego manuskryptu (jak również konkretnych tekstów w nich zawartych). Uzyskane informacje wskazują na perspektywy prowadzenia badań nad grecką tradycją rękopiśmienną, a jednocześnie stanowią impuls do nowej refleksji naukowej w obszarze paleografii, kodykologii, a także literaturoznawstwa, również dzięki zastosowaniu współczesnych metod multispektralnych.
EN
Order of Friars Minor, called Observants, was established in Poland on the basis of indigenous structures, thanks to action of st. John Kapistran, Italian Franciscan, acting in Cracow in 1453. Polish Observants, called Bernardines from the first convents in Cracow, Warsaw, Lviv, and Poznań, were they received a summon from st. Bernardine from Siena, the famous preacher and refomer of the Order of St. Francis of Assisi, had a provincial organization. First Bernardines’ monasteries, founded since 1453 have been subordinated by the general of the order from the Austro-Czech-Polish province. It was until 1517 when the Franciscans-Observants have organized the native province, covering the territorial lands of the Polish state. The power has been centralized in the person of provincial, elected every three years at the provincial chapter. In his jurisdiction were all abbots and convents within the teritory of the province. The guardians, also elected by the chapter and approved for the period of three years by the provincial, led the administration of each monastery. The set of activities taken by the monastic officials – the provincial and the guardian – entailed the necessity of establishing the chancelleries, both in the provinces as well as in every single convent. Because the provincial took one of the subordinated orders, called the provincial house, as his residence, the sets of acts arising from the activities of both offices were kept independantly in one place, of what an example was the Bernardine monastery in Lviv. According to the Potsdam agreements about the repatriation of the Polish population from the lands granted to the Soviet Ukraine, Bernardines have left the convent in Lviv in 1946. Starting from 1943, the archives of the order as well as Russian and Galician provinces were moved as far as possible, from Lviv to the Provincial Archive of Bernardine Monks in Cracow. In the Provincial Archive of Bernardine Monks in Cracow were preserved 17 paper and (loose) parchment documents, referring to the history of Bernardines order in Lviv. Due to the socio-political changes that have occured in last two decades in the Eastern Europe, the interests have increased in the matter of East, its spiritual culture and influence of Christianity on shaping and developing of Eastern culture, in what the Lviv convent has also participated. Motivated by these considerations Fr. Aleksander Krzysztof Sitnik, OFM has decided to collect and publish, not only in the original language, but also translated into Polish and Ukrainian, all 17 Lviv documents from the years 1571–1903.
DE
Im Artikel werden Regesten von insgesamt 19 verschollenen Dokumenten des Herzogs Albert von Strehlitz dargestellt. Ein Teil davon wurde im Schloss Strehlitz, dem ehemaligen Renard-Archiv, aufbewahrt. Die Urkunden waren Johann Joseph Reichel bekannt, der sie aufgefunden und in seiner Stadtchronik zusammenfasst hatte. Die Chronik selbst teilte das Schicksal der Akten und gilt heute ebenfalls als verschollen. Die Angaben zu den Dokumenten, die hauptsächlich aus der oben erwähnten Chronik stammen, wurden jedoch von Baron Friedrich von Schirnding aufgeschrieben und einige Register auch von Archivaren aus Breslau erstellt. Weitere Dokumente entstammen den Kopialbüchern und Informationen der Forscher des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts. Die Quellenedition erfolgte nach den Grundsätzen der Herausgeber von Regesten der in Oberschlesien aufbewahrten Urkunden, wobei der Schwerpunkt darauf lag, die Herkunft und den Aufbewahrungsort der konkreten Urkunde näher zu erläutern. Aus dem Artikel geht hervor, welche Menge an Informationen über verschollene mittelalterliche Dokumente im historischen Forschungsmaterial sowie in neuzeitlichen Quellen verfügbar ist.
EN
Maciej Woźny discusses the registers (Pl. regesty) of 19 missing documents of Prince Albert of Strzelce. Some of them were kept in the castle in Strzelce, in the former Archive of the Renards. They were known to Johann Joseph Reichel, who found them and also wrote a chronicle of the city in which he summarized these diplomas. The chronicle itself shared the fate of the documents and is now considered lost. However, information about the documents, mainly from the aforementioned chronicle, was noted down by Baron Friedrich von Schirnding, and several registers were also prepared by Wrocław archivists. Other documents are known from copiers and the knowledge shared by nineteenth- and twentieth-century researchers. The edition of the sources was prepared according to the documents adopted by editors of Registers of the Documents Stored in Upper Silesia, and the author attempted to discuss in more detail where a given diploma is known from and where it was stored. Woźny shows how much information about lost medieval documents can be found in the materials of ancient researchers and in modern sources.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono regesty 19 zaginionych dokumentów księcia strzeleckiego Alberta. Część z nich przechowywana była na zamku w Strzelcach, w dawnym archiwum Renardów. Były one znane Johannowi Josephowi Reichelowi, który je odnalazł, a także sporządził kronikę miasta, w której streszczał te dyplomy. Sama kronika podzieliła losy dokumentów i obecnie uważa się ją za zaginioną. Informacje o dokumentach, głównie ze wspomnianej kroniki, wynotował jednak baron Friedrich von Schirnding, a kilka regestów sporządzili również archiwiści wrocławscy. Pozostałe dokumenty znane są z kopiarzy oraz informacji dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowiecznych badaczy. Edycję źródeł przygotowano według zasad przyjętych przez wydawców Regestów dokumentów przechowywanych na Górnym Śląsku, starając się szerzej omówić, skąd znany jest dany dyplom oraz gdzie był przechowywany. W niniejszym artykule pokazano, jak wiele informacji o utraconych średniowiecznych dokumentach można odnaleźć w materiałach dawnych badaczy oraz w źródłach nowożytnych.
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