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1

Understanding a Discipline and its Object or the Unheroic History of Ethnology and Anthropology in Lithuania

100%

Čepaitienė A.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2016

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vol. 103

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issue 2

163-180

EN

Anthropological practices are local in craft, intellectual and disciplinary tradition, and they are just as different. The article will discuss the ways in which ethnology and anthropology are understood, constitute their identity in Lithuania in historical retrospection and among the spectrum of scientifi c domains, and which aspects appear signifi cant in the process of their institutionalization. It highlights the historical roots of ethnology and anthropology in Lithuania traced to the intellectual environment of Vilnius University of the late 18th century and early 19th century; emphasizes the infl uences of cultural evolutionism and the Vienna school; discusses the efforts to institutionalize the disciplines within the contemporary politics of science in Lithuania; and claims of the disciplines for the future. The article concludes with an emphasis on the methodological value of ethnography that witnesses the vitality of ethnological and anthropological thought in Lithuania, and affi rms the paradigmatic uniqueness of ethnology and anthropology among the spectrum of sciences.

2

Porozumění vědnímu oboru a předmětu jeho zkoumání neboli nehrdinská historie etnologie a antropologie v Litvě

100%

Čepaitienė A.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

|

2016

|

vol. 103

|

issue 2

181-197

EN

Anthropological practices are local in craft, intellectual and disciplinary tradition, and they are just as different. The article will discuss the ways in which ethnology and anthropology are understood, constitute their identity in Lithuania in historical retrospection and among the spectrum of scientifi c domains, and which aspects appear signifi cant in the process of their institutionalization. It highlights the historical roots of ethnology and anthropology in Lithuania traced to the intellectual environment of Vilnius University of the late 18th century and early 19th century; emphasizes the infl uences of cultural evolutionism and the Vienna school; discusses the efforts to institutionalize the disciplines within the contemporary politics of science in Lithuania; and claims of the disciplines for the future. The article concludes with an emphasis on the methodological value of ethnography that witnesses the vitality of ethnological and anthropological thought in Lithuania, and affi rms the paradigmatic uniqueness of ethnology and anthropology among the spectrum of sciences.

3

Self-Cultivation According to Immanuel Kant

86%

Böhme G.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2018

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issue 4

95-108

EN

The author reflects on the anthropological role of the “self-cultivation” category in the philosophical system of Immanuel Kant, for whom self-cultivation stood as the central idea of the Enlightenment. Kant believed that it was man alone who created himself to a rational being, that his rationality was not a granted good but something he had to mature to by way of multiple disciplinary (the reduction of animality in the humanum sphere), civilizing and moralizing (the latter patroned by the Kantian categorical imperative) measures. An interesting avenue in Gernot Böhme’s approach is his assumption that this conceptual perspective applied to all three Kantian Critiques, e.g., that Critique of Pure Reason propounds the disciplining of human cognition under the banner of subordinating the sphere of intuition (Anschauung) to the categories of intellect (Verstand). These categories are not inborn in the human mind, but are built by the willful disciplining of the perceptual elements of cognition anchored in the animal fundaments of the humanum. Towards the close of his essay Böhme attempts a critique of Kant’s philosophy, accusing it of reductionism and depreciating many anthropological powers.

4

Karcenie dzieci na ziemiach polskich. Regulacje prawne od XIX wieku po dzień dzisiejszy

58%

Truszkowski B. K.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2020

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vol. 19

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issue 1

41-87

EN

Until the early 19th century, the selection of educational measures by parents and guardians in relation to the children under their care, including those serving to discipline the youngest, was not usually legally restricted. A change in this issue can be observed with the emergence of family law regulations in large European civil law codifications. Each of these regulations in force on the Polish territories of the 19th century, partitioned between three neighbouring powers, clearly referred to the power to discipline a disobedient child. Such disciplining was allowed in each of them, though it was regulated differently, both in terms of defining its grounds, relations to paternal/parental authority, as well as the established restrictions and measures to protect the child. After the Second World War, in Polish legislation we can observe an increasing interference in the autonomy of parents and guardians, when disciplining disappeared from the catalogue of explicitly mentioned educational measures, until the most recent times, when corporal punishment of the youngest was explicitly prohibited in 2010. In the following article, the author attempts to review and briefly summarize the regulations on disciplining children in the basic legal acts in force in Poland since the beginning of the 19th century, going through the early 20th century and the interwar period, the times of the occupation and People's Republic of Poland, until the current legal status. In addition to the parental powers, the author examines similar provisions regarding the legal guardian.

PL

Jeszcze do początków XIX w. dobór środków wychowawczych przez rodziców i opiekunów w stosunku do znajdujących się pod ich pieczą dzieci, w tym tych służących dyscyplinowaniu najmłodszych, nie był zazwyczaj prawnie ograniczany. Zmianę w tej kwestii możemy zaobserwować wraz z pojawianiem się w dużych europejskich kodyfikacjach prawa cywilnego regulacji z zakresu prawa rodzinnego. Każda z tych obowiązujących na znajdujących się pod zaborami XIX-wiecznych ziemiach polskich w wyraźny sposób odnosiła się do uprawnienia karcenia nieposłusznego dziecka. W każdej z nich dyscyplinowanie zostało dozwolone, jednocześnie w każdej temat ten został uregulowany odmiennie, zarówno w zakresie określenia jego podstaw, stosunków do władzy ojcowskiej/rodzicielskiej, jak i ustanowionych ograniczeń i środków ochrony dziecka. Po II wojnie światowej w polskim ustawodawstwie możemy zauważyć coraz większą ingerencję w autonomię rodziców i opiekunów, kiedy karcenie znikło z katalogu jawnie wymienionych uprawnień wychowawczych, aż po czasy najnowsze, kiedy w 2010 r. wprost zakazano cielesnego karania najmłodszych. W niniejszej pracy autor podejmuje próbę przeglądu i krótkiego podsumowania uregulowań w temacie dyscyplinowania dzieci w podstawowych aktach prawnych obowiązujących na ziemiach polskich od początku XIX w., przechodząc przez początek XX w. i okres międzywojenny, czasy okupacji i Polski Ludowej, aż po obecny stan prawny. Oprócz uprawnienia karcenia wynikającego z władzy rodzicielskiej zbadano także analogiczne przepisy dotyczące opiekuna.

Refine search results

2 Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

1 Dialogue and Universalism

1 Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

2 Čepaitienė A.

1 Böhme G.

1 Truszkowski B. K.

1 2020

1 2018

2 2016

Understanding a Discipline and its Object or the Unheroic History of Ethnology and Anthropology in Lithuania

Porozumění vědnímu oboru a předmětu jeho zkoumání neboli nehrdinská historie etnologie a antropologie v Litvě

Self-Cultivation According to Immanuel Kant

Karcenie dzieci na ziemiach polskich. Regulacje prawne od XIX wieku po dzień dzisiejszy