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PL
The article is devoted to the study of discursive identity based on autobiographical texts written by Uralmashzavod employees in the 1970s. In her methodology the author draws on Michael Foucault’s theory of discourse and Paul Ricoeur’s idea of the bilateral nature of narrative identity. In an autobiographical discourse, identity practices construct the normative subjective position of official Soviet discourse. The practices of the self are considered in the aspect of confession and frankness. It is concluded that the subjective position in the discourse is simultaneously supported by the practices of identity, and shaken by the practices of the self.
EN
In this article I analyze discursive practices that serve to reproduce models of femininity and that are adopted by lay women employed in central Church organizations, including in diocesan chanceries and ecclesiastical courts. The key discursive practice is dissociation, which excludes women from various institutional orders of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, keeping them in their place in the hierarchy, and sanctioning non-normative gender models. Drawing on integration theories of gender and new institutionalism in sociology, I depart in this article from individualist and identity views of gender. I consider this category as a social institution, that is, as the social rules, both formal and informal, that restrict and liberate human action and are reproduced and transformed in social practices as a result of human agency. My article is based on 31 in-depth interviews which I conducted with lay women working in administrative and evangelizing organizations of the Church in Poland.
EN
On the basis of studies of regularly supplemented archives of peasant family stories, audio records, as well as additional materials collected by performers in different comers of rural Russia a fundamental two-staged research task will be implemented - the first task is to fonn an interdisciplinary scientific idea concerning essential features of peasants' discourses, and the second task is to see the forms and directions of their historical changes. “The discourse in time” - that is the shortest formulation aimed at the analysis of prerequisi- tes (social, cultural, historical) which determine the mechanisms and forms of evolution of the folk language viewed in a sociolinguistic projection. The core of the research is formed by a multidimensional study of the so-called “voices from the underground” - peasants’ narratives regularly recorded by performers for more than 20 years.
EN
The present article draws on authentic business meetings data collected during a longitudinal study undertaken in a British Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2005–2006) and uses these to set out an applied methodology to the analysis of decision-making in meetings. Specifically, it makes a case promoting the suitability of Conversation Analysis (CA) in examining the role of talk in decision-making. Due to the interdisciplinary character of the research enquiry, an analysis of this kind poses a number of challenges that need to be subsumed into the design of the methodology adopted. These typically include the complexity of multi-party interactions, the volume of data, and the requirement for the linguistic findings to be interpreted in the wider context of the business organisation. CA provides a flexible and robust methodology through which to address these challenges. In order to illustrate some of its potential, the article will demonstrate how CA’s principle orientations towards turn-taking, turn design, and the sequential character of spoken interaction were applied to business meetings data, and how these assisted in understanding the talk in enacting the process of decision-making in meetings. On a more general level, the article argues that while the robust nature of CA has historically been established in the analysis of ordinary conversation, it is through its more recent and often somewhat creative applications that it is also becoming increasingly employed in the analysis of workplace and institutional discourse.
XX
Článek vychází z analýzy dat shromážděných v rámci longitudinální studie realizované v jedné z hospodářských komor ve Velké Británii (2005–2006). Na jejím základě předkládá metodiku konverzační analýzy použité pro rozbor procesu rozhodování během vnitropodnikových jednání; objasňuje vhodnost využití této metodiky pro popis a interpretaci dynamiky konverzace pracovních týmů a k identifikaci klíčových momentů pracovních jednání. Podrobněji příspěvek rozebírá, jakým způsobem mohou základní principy konverzační analýzy, tzn. rozbor sekvenčního uspořádání jednotlivých příspěvků a vymezení konverzačních strategií, přispět k pochopení role diskurzu při utváření rozhodovacího procesu. V obecnější rovině je cílem navržené aplikované metodiky poskytnout konkrétní příklad využití analýzy konverzace pro řešení otázky, která je svou povahou interdisciplinární a která nachází stále širší zastoupení právě ve studiích profesního a institucionálního diskurzu.
EN
“It has been the effort of the author to connect the study of language with the study of other branches of anthropology, for a language is best understood when the habits, customs, institutions, philosophy – the subject-matter of thought embodied in the language – are best known. The student of language should be a student of the people who speak the language; and to this end the book [paper – P.C.] has been prepared, with many hints and suggestions relating to other branches of anthropology.” Powell ([1877] 1880: vi)
PL
“Wysiłek autora został skupiony na połączeniu zgłębiania języka ze zgłębianiem innych gałęzi antropologii, bowiem język jest najlepiej rozumiany gdy nawyki, obyczaje, instytucje, filozofia – esencja myśli urzeczywistnionej w języku – są najlepiej poznane. Badacz języka powinien zajmować się ludźmi, którzy mówią tym językiem; to właśnie było celem napisania tej książki [pracy – P.C.], zawierającej wiele odniesień do innych gałęzi antropologii”.     Powell ([1877] 1880: vi)
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