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EN
The article presents results of tematic analysis of interviews with students with mild and moderate intellectual disability. The sample was consisted of 62 young people attending 48 special schools in Łódź voivodship (12–16 years old). Tematic analysis identified the following categories of dreams: escape dreams, proffessional/career dreams, material dreams, idealistic/universal dreams, “celebrity” dreams, dreams „right here and now,” lack of dreams (difficulties with identification included) and compound of the aforementiond dream categories. The data show that the most prevalent category of dreams were those related to future work, job, professional career. It proves importance of vocational rehabilitation provided for people with intellectualdisability.
EN
The aim of the study was to verify hypotheses about time changeability of dream characteristics depending on the participants’ age and affective value of the dream. The study was conducted online. Participants of the study were 68 individuals between the age of 17 and 85. The participants were asked to prepare detailed descriptions of their dreams, next they had to identify elements of the dreams, refer them to their real life, and assess their affective value. In the dreams of late adolescents, and young and middle-aged adults the most frequently recalled period in a positive context turned out to be late adolescence and early adulthood, whereas in a negative context the participants would recall their present developmental phase and the period of late childhood. Unpleasant dreams of older individuals were mainly connected with the period of middle adulthood, whereas those pleasant ones referred to various periods of their entire life.
EN
Dreams defined as a form of mental activity that focuses on fulfilling desires, aims, and plans regarding one’s life are a synthetic reflection of a human being’s past and presence, and his or her vision of the future. Exploring dreams has cognitive, ethical, and practical dimensions. It provides knowledge of a person’s inner life and the quality of his or her experiences. Analysis of the dreams of people with moderate intellectual disabilities expresses respect for their humanity. The findings of explorations regarding the dreams of this group of people can serve as a predictor in developing practical solutions to improve the quality of their lives. The paper presents information on the dreams of women with moderate intellectual disabilities. Their dreams refer to something that is beyond them – to the issues of self-esteem, independence, social response to disability, and the features of their situation in life. Their dreams show exclusion from the privilege of adulthood, that is – from independence. They show a strong bond between the women and their mothers, their desire to enhance their lives, and their aiming at stabilization and being among familiar, close people. Observations made in the study suggest the need for institutions that will replace motherly care in the future and will allow an enriched life.
PL
Philosophical thinking has no fixed location. It is constructed of tensions between different areas of culture: science, art, religion, politics, education. Therefore, in this article the philosophical pedagogy has been presented as a point of view, not a discipline with clear boundaries. The source of this perspective is the Socratic tradition, especially two of its motifs: thinking without limits and the search of the real problems. Philosophical thinking protects a background of education from becoming an ideology. It is also an effort devoted to broadening the expressivity of the sphere of education. So, we can say that philosophical pedagogy is a dynamite that disrupts some educational dreams (illusions) and simultaneously sets in motion other dreams (symbols, values).
XX
In Udmurt culture sleep (iz’on, kölon, um) as well as dreams (vöt, uyvöt) have occupied a significant place. According to ordinary understandings, dreams are not subjected to this world’s rules of time and space: in a dream, places and spaces may suddenly change, and time moves quickly, or it does not move at all; it has stopped. Sleep and dreams are not thoroughly explained phenomena, and as such, they play a significant role in the communication between the world of the living and the world of the deities (spirits). Their importance is confirmed by the rules one has to follow when going to bed. The dream becomes a sacred space, in which it is possible to acquire sacred knowledge and skills. The narratives we are acquainted with tell us that during sleep one of the person’s souls, called urt, can fly away. Probably this is the reason why it is forbidden to suddenly awake a person sleeping: they may not wake up at all or may even lose their reason. Earlier the Udmurt even organised special rituals to catch the second soul. In the Udmurt culture, sleep and dreams constitute a non-real space, in which the living and the dead are able to meet and communicate. The initiators of the dreams can be both the living and the dead, in different situations. Through dreams, the dead are able to transmit to the living their wishes, their knowledge about events or accidents to come; they may complain about certain circumstances, etc. Today, the Udmurt are attentive to all dreams; they see in them signs connected to the real world and given from above, and they must be considered in order not to disturb the balance between the worlds.
EN
Piasecka Małgorzata, Topoanaliza autobiograficzno-symboliczna jako metoda badania (nie)dokończonychmarzeń [Autobiographical-symbolic Topoanalysis as a Method of Examining (Un)Finished Dreams]. Studia Edukacyjne nr 56, 2020, Poznań 2020, pp. 401-419. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 1233-6688. DOI: 10.14746/se.2020.56.22 The article is a presentation of an original research project on dreams. The author, being aware of the nature of dreams as the phenomena difficult to grasp empirically, tries to find a subtle way of describing them. The author does not take into account utopian dreams. On the contrary, she looks for real dreams experienced on the paths of life. Retaining the oneiric nature of dreams, she has constructed a research method and called it an autobiographical and symbolic topoanalysis. The construction of the method is preceded by an outline of the process of conceptualization, i.e. the adoption of appropriate theoretical background, conceptual instrumentation, and research strategy. The author assumes a spatial meta-order of analyses by pointing to a non-binary space, not fully decentralized, as a possible context of making dreams a reality. Important clues and assets from which she creatively draws are: the concept of M. Lanie-Bayle’s biographical space-time; the vestige et vertige concept, i.e. a trace and an inverted trace; the concept of the poetics of dreaming and the Four Elements by G. Bachelard; the concept of D. Demetrios’s autobiography; E. Rybicka’s geo-poetics in the contemporary literary discourse. Finally, the author describes the methodological stage of autobiographical and symbolic topoanalysis and presents a concrete example of its application.
EN
Adult residents of social care homes for people with intellectual disabilities are a group of people who are rarely asked for an opinion, even about themselves. What are their plans and wishes, what do they dream about, how often do they dream and what are the characteristics of such dreams? In this article I will try to analyse the above issues using the material collected through narrative interviews and open interviews conducted in this group.
PL
Adult residents of residential homes for people with intellectual disabilities are a group of people, who are rarely asked for opinion, even i fit comes to their own case. What are they future plans and wishes, what do they dream about, how often do they do it and what is the characteristic of those thoughts. In this article I present an attempt to annalize those topics using material I colected through narrative and nondirective interviews.
EN
The article is a report from the first stage of the research conducted by the authors and con- cerning human dreams. The aim of the study was to create a foundation for the characteristics of dreams from the point of view of perceiving the concept of passivity and activating ego states in the light of Transactional Analysis. The analyses were conducted in the qualitative paradigm, showing dream categories and presenting their dominance in particular research groups created in accordance to the participants’ sex, age, and the way of conducting the research, which is to constitute the foundation for further characteristics realised in the light of Transactional Analysis.
PL
Tekst jest raportem z pierwszego etapu badań autorek dotyczących ludzkich marzeń. Celem eksploracji było stworzenie bazy dla charakterystyki marzeń z punktu widzenia koncepcji pasywności oraz uaktywniania stanów Ja w ujęciu analizy transakcyjnej. Poniższe eksploracje mają charakter jakościowy i wskazują na kategorie marzeń, a także prezentują ich dominacje w poszczególnych grupach badawczych wyłonionych ze względu na płeć, wiek czy sposób realizacji badań.
EN
The study first briefly outlines European and indigenous historiographic productions examining the relationship between dreams and death. It also focuses on a semiotic definition of the space of sleep and dream on the basis of period printed sources and manuscripts. The core of the paper consists of an overview and subsequent typology of the interconnections between sleep and death, as it emerges from the early modern Czech and Saxon sources.
PL
Tadeusz W. Nowacki, twórca pedagogiki pracy, w swej koncepcji naukowej dostrzegł problemy marzeń, mistrzostwa zawodowego, wychowania duchowego oraz kreacji. One współcześnie wpisują się w dążenia karierowe człowieka – pracownika, które mogą być nie tylko awansem, najczęściej utożsamianym z karierą zawodową; mogą mieć one również charakter poziomy – charakterystyczny dla jej eksperckiego modelu kariery. Ten często ma wymiar idei, charakterystycznej dla wychowania duchowego i jego poszukiwawczego charakteru, co dobrze wyraża myśl Kartezjusza, że idea jest „klejnotem, wyszukiwanym przez zdrowy rozum” (Kartezjusz: Listy, 21), a nim jest „właśnie znajomość prawdy na podstawie pierwszych przyczyn, czyli mądrość” (Kartezjusz: Listy, 21). To ją właśnie człowiek musi zgłębić, umieć do niej się odnieść, przekonać, poświęcić jej, jako szczególnemu zadaniu. Jej unikatowość wymaga poświęcenia – nawet jeśli jest rzadko osiągana czy wdrożona, tym samym nadając znaczący wymiar owym poszukiwaniom i dążeniom do idei, dzięki zdolnościom i zaangażowaniu człowieka. Owa idea ilustruje dążenie człowieka do osiągnięcia czegoś nowego, ważnego dla rozwoju własnego, ale i cywilizacyjnego, możliwego dzięki zaistnieniu marzeń, często niezrażaniu się skalą trudności zadania, wyznaczoną przez jego idealistyczny charakter, dzięki twórczym działaniom, wyznaczonym ideom.
EN
Tadeusz W. Nowacki, the creator of the pedagogy of work, in his scientific conception noticed problems of dreams, professional master skills, spiritual education and creation. Currently they con¬stitute the occupational aspirations of humans as employees. They cannot be expressed only in the promotion, which is usually identified with the occupational career, but also can and should have a horizontal nature characteristic for an expert model of career. It has usually dimension of the idea, characteristic for the spiritual education and its exploratory character, it is “the treasure discovered by human mind” (Cartesius: Letters, 21), which constitutes “the knowledge of the truth on the basis of the primary cause – wisdom” (Cartesius: Letters, 210. Human being has to explore it, be able to refer to it, sacrifice for it, devote to this particular idea. Its uniqueness requires deceiving, although it is rarely achieved and put into practice. Thereby it makes searching for the idea significant, it becomes something new, important for the growth of the civilization, possibly thanks to the dreams, which appear, but do not discourage by their difficulty scale, cause have usually ide-alistic character, explored thanks to the creative actions and ex-pressed ideas, leading and inscribing into professional master skills.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje próbę scharakteryzowania preferowanych wartości, marzeń oraz mocnych i słabych stron młodzieży z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną uczęszczającej do zasadniczej szkoły zawodowej w Krakowie. Artykuł zawiera teoretyczne podstawy badań własnych, analizę wyników oraz podsumowanie. Zaprezentowano, w jaki sposób badana młodzież postrzega swoje wady i zalety. Ukazano, że marzenia badanych bazują na wartościach, które są dla nich ważne. Wskazano, że młodzież z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną marzy przede wszystkim o bliskich relacjach z drugim człowiekiem oraz o sukcesie zawodowym. Artykuł wskazuje na istotne znaczenie wiedzy o wartościach i marzeniach uczniów z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w procesie rehabilitacji.
EN
This article is according to prefer values, dreams and self-esteem of adolescents with mild intellectual disability who are learning in vocational school. The article contains the theoretical basis of own research, analysis of results and a summary. This article involves reports about prefer values and dreams of adolescents with mild intellectual disability who are learning in vocational school. It was presented how the examined youth perceives their advantages and disadvantages. Research shows that dreams of young people with mild intellectual disability pertain to close relationships with other people with intellectual disability and professional success. The article shows the importance of knowledge about the values and dreams of students with intellectual disabilities in the process of rehabilitation.
EN
The study presents a new look at the Demotic story of Setne I. According to traditional interpretations, Setne is a scholar searching for the magical scroll containing the wisdom of Thoth, who has to pass through various dangers along his journey and, in the end, is forced to return the book back to the tomb where he found it. The mysterious beauty Tabubu, whom he encounters after carrying the scroll out of the tomb of the scholar Naneferkaptah, is usually portrayed as a force of chaos, as one of the dangerous women described in coeval wisdom literature as creatures any wise man should avoid. However, a careful analysis of the text reveals Setne to be no scholar, his motivation as far from a pure search for knowledge, and his desires being of a carnal rather than spiritual nature. Moreover, a large part of the narrative appears to play out in the spiritual realm, which Setne reaches upon voluntary or involuntary intoxication. Finally, the story also shows that the memory of the real Setne Khamwaset permeated the literary tradition of the time, as the literary Setne, too, is portrayed as an ancient “archaeologist” who roams and restores tombs from long lost times.
EN
The ability to create dreams is an important part of the existential health of the elderly. Every man, regardless of age, must follow his dreams, which determine his state of mind. Dreams affect the quality of life, its creativity, prosperity. Dreams fully reflect human desires, wants, needs. In this article the following questions will be raised: What are dreams in a senior’s life? What is the nature and purpose of dreams? In addition, the conditions for the emergence of dreams in old age will be presented. Dreams give seniors energy to act, stimulate human motivation, integrate people, regulate sense of identity and sense of life, direct action, and relax.
EN
Sarashina nikki (Sarashina diary) is an example of nikki bungaku (memoirs/diaries) written by Sugawara no Takasue’s daughter (the real name of the author is unknown) in the Heian period (8th-12th century). Her work stands out for the description of her travels and pilgrimages, reading passion and dreams. The memoirs start with her childhood days. She remembers her joy at listening to tales and praying to the Yakushi Buddha to be able to read all of them. Then she reports her long (lasting three months) travel back to the capital with her father, an assistant governor of Kazusa. Afterwards she describes her joy at being presented with a complete text of the Genji monogatari (Tale of Genji), and her dreams to live the life described in the novel. When her life does not turn out the way she wanted, she blames it on her addiction to tales, which made her live in a fantasy world, neglecting her faith. Aside from the whirl of romance stories, the enormous number of dreams the author had had play an important role in Sarashina nikki. The world she lives in is, quite literally, a world of dreams and fiction. The author, however, is aware of this and the diary is meant to be a tale of religious conversion or spiritual metamorphosis. She eventually learns the disparity between reality and dreams and, through this, learns the truths about Buddhism. The diary, then, is meant to be a warning against the perils and temptations of the world. In the present paper, through discussion of the meaning of dreams and the role of fictional stories in life of the diary’s protagonist, the author aims to show, how these two factors have influenced her religious awakening, and, in consequence, her spiritual metamorphosis.
PL
Celem referatu jest przedstawienie marzeń uczniów wybranych szkół: w Biharamulo (Tanzania), Laare (Kenia) oraz Czaplinku (Polska). Analiza badań powstała w oparciu o wypowiedzi uczniów na temat wykonanych fotografii. Autorskie zdjęcia dzieci i młodzieży były materiałem pomocniczym i wywoławczym do przeprowadzenia wywiadów na temat tego, jakie są marzenia uczniów. Obraz stanowił medium komunikacji i współpracy między studentami a dziećmi i młodzieżą. Wnioski z badań koncentrują się głównie na różnicach i podobieństwach międzykulturowych.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the hopes and aspirations of pupils in selected schools in Biharamulo, Laare and Czaplinek. An analysis of the research conducted on the basis of pupils’ answers to questions concerning photographs they had taken. The photographs taken by the youngsters were an aid material in stimulating them to talk about their dreams and asprations. The photographs were a medium of communication and co-operation between students and young people. The conclusions of the research concentrate on intercultural differences and similarities.
PL
Celem przeprowadzonych badań było ukazanie związku marzeń sennych dziecka z jego aktywnością twórczą i zbadanie tego zjawiska przy pomocy odzwierciedlenia go przez dzieci na kartce papieru oraz rozmowy i kwestionariusza interpretacji marzenia sennego według Modelu Hill. Według autorki dobry wychowawca powinien być nie tylko dobrym pedagogiem, ale również doskonałym psychologiem i  obserwatorem pewnych zjawisk, takich jak np. zjawisko marzenia sennego, które może być poniekąd kluczem do rozwiązania wszelkich problemów nurtujących dziecko.
EN
The aim of this article is to present studies, whose aim was to show the relationship of the children’s dreams with their creative activity and to examine this phenomenon using a piece of paper, conversations and dream interpretation questionnaire according to the Hill Model.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the dream-making activity of people in the second half of life based on the analysis of the results obtained from 10 people aged 60+ included in the research (five women and five men). The research material was obtained with the help of a full narrative autobiographical interview, selected cards included in the narrative (auto)biographical game In eighty stories around life by Urszula Tokarska and the original Unfinished Sentences Test. The collected data was subjected to multifaceted quantitative and qualitative analyses, which allowed to distinguish five main categories of the comparative classification of dreams. This article focuses on characterizing current dreams of seniors and describing their attitude to their own dreams. The results obtained allowed to formulate a stadial model of dream development and to distinguish a new category of dream called a generational dream. The conclusions of the research project reveal potential application possibilities in the field of both psychology and narrative gerontology, supporting the development of an adult and optimizing intergenerational communication, as well as creating the instruments of learning the people and inventing the psychological health impact programs.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja aktywności marzenio-twórczej podejmowanej przez osoby w okresie późnej dorosłości w oparciu o wyniki badań własnych, w których uczestniczyło 10 osób (5 kobiet i 5 mężczyzn) w wieku powyżej 60 r.ż. Materiał badawczy pozyskany został przy pomocy pełnego narracyjnego wywiadu autobiograficznego, wybranych kart wchodzących w skład narracyjnej gry (auto)biograficznej W osiemdziesiąt historii dookoła życia Urszuli Tokarskiej oraz autorskiego Testu Zdań Niedokończonych. Analiza materiału pozwoliła na dokonanie charakterystyki aktualnych marzeń seniorów oraz opisanie relacji, w jakiej pozostają do własnych marzeń. Uzyskane wyniki umożliwiły sformułowanie stadialnego modelu rozwoju marzenia oraz wyróżnienie nowej kategorii marzenia nazwanego marzeniem generacyjnym. Wnioski płynące ze zrealizowanego projektu badawczego odsłaniają potencjalne możliwości aplikacyjne zarówno w obszarze psychologii wspomagania rozwoju człowieka dorosłego, jak i optymalizacji komunikacji międzypokoleniowej oraz doskonalenia narzędzi umożliwiających poznanie człowieka oraz podejmowanie oddziaływań psychologicznych w obszarze gerontologii narracyjnej.
EN
Presence of a drawing in human’s life can be observed as far back as in the prehistoric times. Drawing was the primary form of writing thoughts and recording reality. Also today a drawing is a universally available form of expression – simple and helpful in assessing development of child’s personality and in psychological or occupational therapy. Each shape, color and detail plays an important role because they serve as an expression of internal world of feelings, experiences, desires, dreams as well as anxiety and fear which because of some reasons child can have. That is why while analyzing the artistic work of children we are able to see its problems, worries, joys and concerns. The greatest deal of knowledge about child is delivered by the test of drawing of itself thanks to which we get insight into how a child perceives itself. On the other hand, the test of drawing of a family delivers information about relations within the family, the presence of parents and their attitude to a child. With skills of interpretation of artistic works of a child we can see more and we can assess the level of development of a child. We are also able to identify irregularities which could not be observed otherwise. Child’s artistic works also provide information how to stimulate the child’s activity or what should be changed in the educational work.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Badanie planów, marzeń i postrzegania przyszłości może pomóc nam zrozumieć wewnętrzny świat człowieka, jego intencje, motywy i znaczenia przypisywane im w życiu. Niewiele jednak wiemy o tej sferze u ojców z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną (NI). Cel badań: Celem badania było zrozumienie, w jaki sposób ojcowie z NI wyobrażają sobie przyszłość własną i swoich dzieci, jakie są ich plany i marzenia oraz jakie znaczenia przypisują swoim planom i marzeniom. Metoda badań: Do zbadania planów, marzeń i wizji przyszłości wyrażanej przez ojców z NI została wykorzystana interpretacyjna analiza fenomenologiczna. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie pogłębionych wywiadów z dwudziestoma ojcami z NI w stopniu lekkim i umiarkowanym w wieku 21–54 lat. Wyniki: Analiza materiału pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie trzech tematów nadrzędnych i dziesięciu tematów podrzędnych. Nadrzędne tematy obejmowały: (1) wizję przyszłości dziecka – nadzieje i lęki, (2) obiekty planów i marzeń oraz (3) dążenie do realizacji planów i marzeń. Wnioski: Wyniki mogą być wykorzystane przez profesjonalistów pracujących w instytucjach wspierających osoby z NI oraz opieki społecznej, aby podnieść świadomość na temat planów i intencji ojców z NI – grupy powszechnie uważanej za niechętną współpracy. 
EN
Introduction: Exploring people’s plans, hopes and perceptions of future can help us understand their inner world, intentions, drives, and meaning ascribed to their lives. Little do we know, however, about this sphere in fathers with intellectual disabilities (ID). Research Aim: The aim of the study was to explore how fathers with ID visualize their children’s future, what their plans and hopes are and how these plans and hopes are ascribed with meaning by them. Method: Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to examine the vision of the future as expressed by fathers with ID. The research was conducted using in-depth interviews with twenty fathers with mild to moderate ID (aged 21-54). Results: Three superordinate themes and 10 constituent themes were extracted from the data. The superordinate themes included: (1) vision of the child's future – hopes and fears, (2) objects of plans and hopes, and (3) towards fulfilling plans and hopes. Conclusion: The findings can be used by professionals working in institutions supporting people with ID and for social services to help them raise awareness about plans and intentions of fathers with ID – a group commonly regarded as reluctant to cooperate.
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PL
Aż na koniec świata w reżyserii Wima Wendersa to wielkie filmowe przedsięwzięcie. Tekst omawia powolny proces powstawania filmu, historię jego dystrybucji, treść i recepcję, by wskazać na niepowodzenie jako kwestię kluczową dla każdej z tych sfer. Celowość, sukces, rozwiązanie akcji, zakończenie, koniec świata – te pojęcia w kontekście omawianego filmu jawią się jako nieistotne lub niemożliwe. Główny materiał badawczy stanowią recenzje oraz wypowiedzi reżysera. Analiza treści wykazuje obecność licznych odniesień do klasycznych gatunków filmowych, które jednak okazują się dysfunkcyjne. Ważnym tematem filmu jest błądzenie, tułaczka. To motywy powracające w twórczości Wendersa, co czasem interpretuje się jako efekt poszukiwań tożsamości właściwych jego pokoleniu. W przypadku reżysera poszukiwania te wiążą się z częstym przekraczaniem państwowych granic. Nieliczne są jednak w jego twórczości i refleksji odniesienia do Europy Środkowej.
EN
Until the End of the World by Wim Wenders was a large project. This essay discusses the slow process of the film’s creation, its distribution, its content and critical response, in order to point at failure as the question key to each of those topics. Purpose, success, resolution, ending, the end of the world – those notions appear either irrelevant or impossible in the context of this film. The research material consists mainly of reviews and director’s comments. Content analysis displays many references to classic film genres, references which, however, prove dysfunctional. An important theme of the movie is wandering. This is a recurring motif in Wenders’s work, which some interpretations derive from the identity-seeking typical of his generation. In his case, this search is often expressed by crossing state borders. Central Europe is nevertheless poorly represented in his work.
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