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This article explores the potential offered by complexity theories for understanding language learners’ sense of self and attempts to show how the self might usefully be conceived of as a complex dynamic system. Rather than presenting empirical findings, the article discusses existent research on the self and aims at outlining a conceptual perspective that may inform future studies into the self and possibly other individual learner differences. The article concludes by critically considering the merits of a complexity perspective but also reflecting on the challenges it poses for research.
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EN
This article explores the potential offered by complexity theories for understanding language learners’ sense of self and attempts to show how the self might usefully be conceived of as a complex dynamic system. Rather than presenting empirical findings, the article discusses existent research on the self and aims at outlining a conceptual perspective that may inform future studies into the self and possibly other individual learner differences. The article concludes by critically considering the merits of a complexity perspective but also reflecting on the challenges it poses for research.
EN
The aim of the article is to propose a complex methodology for implementing a safety analy-sis of dynamical systems. The safety analysis is performed in the process of control system devel-opment, especially aiming at safety-critical processes of system operation. The methodology was divided into sevenbasic steps. The individual steps of the methodology are carried out in a hierar-chical sequence. The step “Preliminary Hazard Analysis” consists of the PHI and PHA methods. Further, roles of individual methodology steps are detailed. In the second part of the article, the principle of safety-critical process monitoring based on models is.
EN
Article addresses the problem of child’s and the educational system’s readiness to start school by children six years old. It is a proposition of different approach to this problem and recognizing school readiness in a double perspective, as ‘the readiness (of the child) to school’ and ‘readiness of the school (for a child)’. It gives an opportunity to take into account a broad range of factors involved in the process leading to effective support of the child in the education system and support of the education system. The text is also a proposal to change the way of leading public debate on education and reducing of school age. It introduces the concept of ‘discourse of quality’ and ‘iscourse of meaning making’ as an alternative which allows consideration of different points of view and striving for mutual understanding. It also introduces a proposal to adopt a theoretical framework for analyzing the readiness of state, society, institutions, families, and the childe for mutual interactions. The aim of these interactions is to increase the effectiveness in realizing both, personal and social goals. The purpose of this article is an attempt to leave the vicious circle of ‘discourse of quality’, which in current, Polish reality, underlies growing social divisions and conflicts between ‘followers’ of different approaches to childhood, upbringing and education. It is a proposal to adopt such perspective to analysis of the problem, which can be a basis for planning practical solutions in the sphere of public debate and planning activities within the ‘child - institution’ system.
EN
Time is a key variable in the field of economics and finance. However, most of the classic approaches to economic problems are static. In this paper, we first review the existing literature on the use of multiobjective techniques to control dynamic systems within the area of economics and finance. We also tackle the question of which measure should we use to evaluate alternative solutions. To this end, we elaborate on the meaning added by the selection of a parameter in a family of distance functions used to evaluate alternative solutions.
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PL
This article has an introductory character and systematizes the topic. It introduces the idea of emergence which is currently enjoying something of a renaissance and aims to bring order to the terminology associated with this idea. The article concerns the very beginning of the formation of emergentism and its intuitive understanding. It also presents the main concepts of representative authors of emergentism (S. Alexander, CL Morgan, Ch. D. Broad) as well as the numerous characteristics of emergence (synchronic and diachronic emergence, weak and strong emergence). The article concludes with a systematization of meanings and contexts in which the concept of emergence occurs.
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