Search results - CEJSH

1

Zaangażowanie Zgromadzenia Salezjańskiego na rzecz rozwoju społecznego. Wczoraj i dziś

100%

dal Covolo E.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2010

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vol. 13

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issue 1

EN

This article applies to the social dimension of the Salesian mission. Subject was, chronologically, included in the three points. The article begins with the presentation of the social aspect of the life of the Founder of the Salesians – St. John Bosco. Then it moves to the activity of Bl. Michael Rua and the contribution of other saints, the servants of God and candidates for sainthood from the Salesian Family. The last point indicates a variety of pro-social activities in the above mentioned areas in recent years. This article, of which the author is the Postulator for the Causes of Saints of the Salesian Family, is a contribution to the celebration of 150th anniversary of the Salesian Congregation (1859 – 2009).

2

Economic Activity of Residents and Revenue Autonomy of Municipalities in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

80%

Sobczyk A., Budzeń D.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2022

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vol. 56

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issue 3

127-147

EN

Theoretical background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has had far reaching effects on different strata of socio-economic life, including the financial well-being of residents and the financial situation of local government units. Generally, research papers either approach “local development” conceptually or quantify data regarding a certain locality: demographic structure, residents’ education, condition of the labour market, residents’ income and their technological literacy. This paper is an attempt to arrive at a larger picture and identify the interdependence between economic activity of residents and financial autonomy of the local government, and secondly, to pinpoint the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on these categories.Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to identify residents’ income sources and the dependence between them and the development potential of the municipality they live in. The paper examines residents’ revenue, income and income tax advance payments. The survey covers all municipalities in Poland according to their formal administrative status: urban, rural, urban-rural and cities with powiat rights. The research covers the period of 2015–2020, as per data availability.Research methods: The paper applied monograph methodology to review the literature on the subject, and comparative methodology to process quantitative data, which allowed the authors to calculate all deviations. Next, the economic phenomena were assessed, i.e. their nature (positive or negative) and frequency of occurrence were determined according to an assessment scale where the base is the starting point. The structure of the number of taxpayers, their revenues and incomes was compared by sources of income, in result of which hierarchy of income sources was created for each municipality. Following that, the main income sources were analysed and correlated with the municipality’s own (tax) revenue. To enable comparability of diagnostic variables, the zero unitarisation method was applied.Main findings: The findings reveal that the main sources of residents’ income include salaries, pensions and disability pensions, non-agricultural economic activity, wages and contractual income. Revenue streams generated from residents’ economic activity show a variance across municipalities. The results obtained confirm the dependence between residents’ economic activity and own revenue sources of local government units. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the relationship between taxpayers’ income from particular sources and revenue autonomy of municipalities and cities with powiat rights varies by the type of municipality. Thus, the findings clearly demonstrate that residents’ economic activity is an endogenous resource that definitely affects municipal development. For local authorities, understanding economic realities of residents may be a game changer and an insight that will help them create environments conducive to socioeconomic growth.

3

Analiza zjawiska bierności zawodowej w Polsce

80%

Niewiadomska A.

Nauki Społeczne

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2013

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issue 2 (8)

103-116

EN

In many countries, data about the economically inactive population attracts more and more attention, because this group is a potential source of labor supply. The article fo- cuses attention on the economically inactive in Poland. Since 1990, the share of economically inactive persons in the total population (15-64 years) remains at a high level. For young people the main causes of economic inactivity is education and training, family responsibilities, while in the case of the elderly illness, disability and retirement. This article addresses also the issues of impact posed by the economic inactivity.

4

Gwarancje jakości prawa w przepisach Ustawy z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. – Prawo przedsiębiorców

80%

Etel M.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2023

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issue 3 (43)

35-55

EN

The legal situation of entrepreneurs in Poland is determined by a huge number of normative acts. However, the legislator’s interest in entrepreneurs and economic activity should not come as a surprise. Indeed, an economically conscious state cannot afford to be indifferent to the entrepreneur and, even in a market economy, should normatively regulate the rules for undertaking, performing and terminating economic activities and shape the rights and obligations in this regard. It must also be remembered that the matter to be regulated is very broad, complex and multi- faceted, and the law must take into account the enormous diversity of relationships, roles, events and facts in which the entrepreneur functions in connection with their economic activity. On this basis, it can be assumed that the law that determines the rules for undertaking, performing and terminating economic activities is natural and necessary. Nevertheless, it should be clearly emphasized that the quality of the law shaping the situation of entrepreneurs and their economic activities should be prioritized as an overriding and fundamental value – the appropriate quality of the law (i.e., properly enacted and applied) is a sine qua non of economic development, while a lack of quality in the sphere of lawmaking and application makes it difficult or even impossible for entrepreneurs to function, and thus leads to stagnation or regression in the economy. The study is focused on the guarantees of the quality of lawmaking and application empowered by the Act of 6 III 2018 – Entrepreneurs’ Law. Analyzing the provisions of this act makes it possible to identify the regulations focused on the quality of lawmaking and application. The study also aims to answer the question: Can the guarantees set out in this Act contribute to improving the quality of lawmaking and application of the law on the undertaking, conduct and termination of economic activity?

5

Economic Activity of Groups Being in a Specific Situation in the Labour Market in the Lodz Province

80%

Żmurkow-Poteralska E.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2017

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vol. 12

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issue 2

181-195

EN

The aim of this study is to determine the structure of economic activity among selected groups of individuals experiencing the greatest difficulties in the labour market, especially: people under the age of 30, people over the age of 50, persons with disabilities, women and people caring for dependents, as well as the characteristics of these particular groups. The study includes a deepened analysis of the employment structure by employment status, work contract and working time in the analysed groups. Also the reasons for part-time work and economic inactivity have been identified. The study uses cross-sectional data from the Labour Force Survey for the fourth quarter of 2013 as well as the data from The Assessment of Resources of Social Assistance in the Lodz Region for the year 2015 and covers the Lodz province.

6

Interpretacja art. 45 ust. 1 ustawy z 26 stycznia 2018 r. o Straży Marszałkowskiej (w zakresie pojęcia „zajęcia zarobkowe”)

80%

Galińska-Rączy I.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2018

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issue 4(60)

193-202

EN

The statutory prohibition on taking up paid employment is the most rigorous one among analogous restrictions on regarding functionaries of other uniformed services. This regulation prohibits officers of the Parliament’s Guard from undertaking other gaining activities than the ones of scientific or scientific-didactic nature, to which the Chief of the Chancellery of the Sejm consents on condition that it does not interfere with the performance of official tasks. The Parliamentary Guardian also cannot run his own economic activity.

7

Wykorzystanie potencjału zawodowego osób starszych – polska perspektywa

80%

Niewiadomska A.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

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2014

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issue 2 (2)

91-106

EN

Increasing labor force participation of the elderly is one of the main goals of labor market policy in Poland. In view of the growing share of older people in the total population, raising the efficiency of exploiting their potential career becomes even more significant. This is all the more important, in view of the decision to gradually raise the retirement age, which means the lengthening of professional activity. The purpose of this article is to identify the degree of utilization of the professional potential of the elderly people in Poland. The identification was made on the basis of the analysis of the actual changes in the economic activity of the elderly that were taken in the past. In addition, attempts to assess the current activities for the activation of the older labor force were undertaken.

8

Criteria used in the LFS to identify the population’s economic activity status vs. the respondents’ subjective views: implications for unemployment research

80%

Kołodziejczak W.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

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2018

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issue vol. 22 no. 3

99-113

EN

In the Labour Force Survey (LFS) the interviewees are considered as employed, unemployed or professionally inactive based on “objective” criteria defined in the survey’s methodological assumptions (e.g. the fact that a person is seeking employment, waiting to start work or worked at least one hour in the reference week). In use since 1992, the above approach allows the classification to be unaffected by the respondents’ subjective feelings. Since 2006, LFS respondents have been also allowed to identify their economic activity status by themselves. The objective of this paper is to indicate and attempt to explain the differences between the results based on the identification of economic activity statuses as per the criteria adopted by the Central Statistical Office and the LFS respondents’ own assessment of their economic activity status. This paper assessed the rationale behind each approach and the implications thereof for the procedure and results of unemployment surveys from a static and dynamic perspective.

9

LABOUR MARKET IN POLAND FOR WOMEN AND MEN 50+

80%

Gajda J. B., Wiktorowicz J.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 1

29-36

EN

Population ageing is one of the major challenges of modern Europe. In this context is worth to assessment the differences in the situation of women and men aged 50+ on the labour market. In the area of interest are primarily people aged 50-59/64, which are at this stage of life in which the situation on the labour market is particularly difficult. Paper was prepared mainly on the basis of the unpublished data developed within the project “Equalisation of Opportunities in the Labour Market for People Aged 50+”. The analysis was conducted with the application of basic descriptive statistics, as well as chi-squared test. Comparing income of women and men aged 50+, t-Student test and median test for independent samples, as well as one- and two-way analysis of variance were used.

10

Reglamentacja działalności gospodarczej w zakresie odbierania odpadów komunalnych od właścicieli nieruchomości oraz opróżniania zbiorników bezodpływowych

80%

Piotrowska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 911

65-76

EN

Municipalities are required to organise the collection of municipal waste from property owners where residents live. Amendments to the Act of 13 September 1996 on maintaining cleanliness and order in municipalities, which entered into force on 1 January 2012, made changes to the business responsible for collecting and transporting waste from property owners and the emptying of septic tanks and transportation of liquid waste. The amendment of the law replaced the requirement to register regulated activity only for businesses engaged in activities related to the collection of waste but left alone the required licensing of companies engaged in emptying septic tanks and transporting liquid waste. This decision is questionable from the point of view of the principle of proportionality in restricting the freedom of economic activity.

11

Rynek akcji a wzrost gospodarczy – analiza przekrojowa

80%

Kalinowski M.

Ekonomista

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2015

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issue 6

760-778

PL

Artykuł dotyczy wzajemnej zależności pomiędzy rozwojem rynków kapitałowych i rozwojem realnej sfery gospodarki. Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera obszerny przegląd teoretycznej i empirycznej literatury na ten temat. Druga część przedstawia wyniki empirycznego badania zależności statystycznej między wielkością i dynamiką rynku akcji (mierzoną jego kapitalizacją) a wielkością i dynamiką gospodarki (mierzoną wartością PKB). Analiza została oparta na danych rocznych z okresu 1995–2010, obejmujących 65 krajów. Zarówno analiza przekrojowa wolumenów kapitału akcyjnego i wielkości produkcji, jak i dynamiczna analiza stóp wzrostu obu tych wielkości pokazuje ścisłą korelację między rozwojem rynków kapitałowych a rozwojem gospodarki. Chociaż zależność ta jest z pewnością obustronna, wyniki tego badania dostarczają dodatkowego dowodu na wpływ ewolucji rynków kapitałowych na poziom aktywności gospodarczej i wzrost gospodarczy.

EN

The article deals with the mutual dependence between the development of the capital market and the development of the real sphere of the economy. The fi rst part of the paper includes a comprehensive review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the subject. The second part brings an empirical examination of the statistical dependence between the size and growth of the stock market (measured by its capitalization) and the size and growth of the economy (measured by the value of GDP). The analysis is based on yearly data for 65 countries for the period of 1995–2010. Both a cross-section study of the stock and output volumes and a dynamic examination of the growth rates of the stock market and total output shows a close correlation between the development of the capital market and the development of the economy. Even if this relationship is presumably mutual, the results of the examination bring an additional evidence of the impact of capital market developments on the level of economic activity and economic growth.

RU

В статье рассматривается взаимозависимость между развитием фондовых рынков и развитием реальной сферы экономики. Первая часть статьи содержит обширный обзор теоретической и эмпирической литературы на эту тему. Вторая часть представляет результаты эмпирического исследования статистической зависимости между величиной и динамикой рынка акций (измеряемого его капитализацией) и величиной и динамикой экономики (измеряемой объемом ВВП). Анализ опирается на годичные данные за период 1995–2010, охватывающий 65 стран. Многоаспектный анализ величины акционерного капитала и объемов производства и динамический анализ норм роста обеих этих величин указывает на тесную корреляцию между развитием фондовых рынков и развитием экономики. Эта зависимость несомненно имеет и обратный характер, но результаты исследования дают дополнительное доказательство влияния именно эволюции фондовых рынков на уровень экономической активности и экономический рост.

12

Economic activity of Polish pensioners in the light of quantitative research

80%

Bielawska K.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 1

149-165

EN

Research background: Despite the economic development, accompanied by various structural reforms (including pension reform of 1999), the effective retirement age in Poland is relatively low. Participants of the social insurance scheme tend to apply for the old-age pension as soon as possible (when they reach the statutory retirement age). Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the determinants of the economic activity of seniors in Poland taking the old-age pension form Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) as a regular or occasional work, in comparison to those who are not performing any paid activity. Methods: We use the data from the survey carried out in 2018 on the representative sample of Polish seniors aged 65+ for whose households the old-age pension from ZUS (1336 pensioners who retired between 1980?s up to 2018) is the main source of income. Multinominal logistic regression was performed to study how gender, retirement timing, education level and period of retirement as well as reasons for retirement influenced the likelihood to continue regular or occasional work. Findings & Value added: Multinominal logistic regression for women confirms that higher education increases chances for continuing regular work on the retirement comparing to those having secondary education. Retirement due to the reaching the pensionable age made women more likely to continue work on regular basis, while those who retired due to the bankruptcy of the employer were less likely to be employed during retirement. Retirement due to the preservation of pension privileges increased chances to continue work on the occasional basis among women and men. For men who reported employment - related factors as retirement drivers, the chances of performing occasional work were high and of highly statistical significant. This research delivers knowledge on drivers of regular or occasional paid activity combined with receiving old-age pension from social insurance system in Poland.

13

Application of the Logit Model to the Analysis of Economic Activity Factors of the Disabled

80%

Śliwicki D., Ręklewski M.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 3

75-92

EN

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the classification as a working group of economically active people with disabilities. According to the Labour Force Survey methodology, working population is defined as labor resources, labor supply and labor force, which includes all people of working-age 15 and older, considered as employed or unemployed. Community of people with disabilities is extracted from the general population aged 15 and more, on the basis of law. People with disabilities include those aged 16 and over who have been awarded a judgment about the degree of disability or inability to work (CSO 2011). In the analyses of the labor market models with qualitative variables, which include logit models, are very often used. For the purpose of the study it was as-sumed that these models will describe the probability of a person with a disability to qualify for the category of employed. The basis for estimating probability mod-els were individual data obtained under representative Labour Force Survey in the fourth quarter of 2010. A set of explanatory variables contains 54 binary variables.

14

Wrocław Śródmieście – specific features and development prospects

80%

Zakrzewska-Półtorak A.

Biblioteka Regionalisty

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2016

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issue 16

133-142

EN

The aim of this paper is to determine the specificity and importance of Wrocław-Śródmieście (the important part of Wrocław, the former district) in the economy of Wrocław and its prospects for development, taking into account strengths and weaknesses. The object of this research is the statistical unit of Wrocław defined by the boundaries of the former district − Wrocław-Śródmieście. The research covers the period (as the availability of statistical data) for the years 2009-2015. The author used a descriptive method, simple statistical methods, an analysis of literature and source documents, a deductive method and an empirical inference.

15

Czy ustawa – Prawo przedsiębiorców ogranicza kompetencje kontrolne NIK – głos w dyskusji

80%

Nowak-Far A.

|

2019

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vol. 64

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issue 2 (385)

68-86

EN

The intention of the authors of the act of 2018 – Entrepreneurs’ Law (Polish: UPP) was to have the regulation cover a wide group of bodies mandated to audit businesses. With regard to the Supreme Audit Office this objective was not, however, met. This is due to the nature of NIK’s audits – which is state auditing – rather than administrative control, conducted for the legislative branch – the Sejm, which is mandated to present its proposals for audits, to be included in the NIK’s work plan, concerned with the executive branch. If the provisions set forth in Chapter 5 of the Entrepreneurs’ Law were applied, the control function of the Sejm would be significantly limited. In his article, the author attempts to answer the question whether the limitations set forth in the Law should be applied by NIK during its audits concerning entrepreneurs.

16

Labour supply in Poland – current trends and projections for the future

71%

Kwiatkowski E., Kucharski L.

Studia Demograficzne

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2018

|

issue 1

17

Centrum Obsługi Administracji Rządowej: administrowanie przez gospodarowanie

71%

Koroluk S.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2018

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vol. 16

|

issue 1 (2)

193-200

PL

The Government Administration Service Center in Warsaw is the leading example of application of a legal institution – an institution of the budget economy. This entity is part of the administrative apparatus and performs public tasks. At the same time, this entity conducts business activity, which allows it to be considered an entrepreneur. The basic question discussed in the article is the mutual relationship between the two roles of the subject. The practice indicates that combining them is not a simple matter, because there is a tendency in the activity of this institution to increase the role of the entity as an entrepreneur. Consequently, it may pose a threat to the basic role which the entity is designed to perform, that is implementation of public tasks.

18

YOUTH LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE: MAIN TRENDS, REASONS OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND POSSIBILITIES TO BE EMPLOYED

70%

Ilich L.

Czech Journal of Social Sciences, Business and Economics

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2013

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vol. Volume 2

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issue 2

22-34

EN

Socio-economic revival is impossible without concentration and making an effort on solving youth problems. Most countries entered the new millennium with a significant burden of unresolved youth problems which become more evident during the global financial crisis. Modern problems of youth inequality, unemployment and marginalization, frequently encountered illegal social practices and antisocial manifestations among young people characterized serious and long lasting effects and therefore require in-depth analysis and regulation, development of a realistic, balanced, prudent policy towards the younger generations. This study is devoted to a number of current issues of the youth labor market in Ukraine. The main socio-economic characteristics of the Ukrainian youth, namely education level, features in economic activity in the formal and informal sectors, and professional composition of employed young people are investigated. The trends of the youth labor market over the 2000-2011 periods with respect to gender, educational, regional and industrial characteristics are determined in the article.

19

LEGAL REGULATIONS OF GAMBLING MARKET’S ORGANIZATION IN POLAND. SELECTED ISSUES IN THE LIGHT OF NEW PLANS OF AMENDING THE GAMBLING LAW OF 2009

70%

KOSIŃSKI E.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2017

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vol. 26(26)

172-197

EN

The phenomenon of gambling finds its origins in the beginning of human race. The Polish act of 19 November 2009 on gambling games came into effect on the day of 1 January 2010 and “determines conditions of organization and principles of the conduct of business within the games of chance, mutual bids and games on machines” (art. 1 of the 2009 act). This present article is aimed at examination of the proposed amendment of above-mentioned act on gambling games in terms of the law of the European Union, especially in the light of the case law of the courts of the European Union. The scrutiny is provided under the formal-dogmatic method as far as an analysis of the text of legal document, together with the method of a critical analysis of legal writing and judicature of the appropriate courts. The 2016 proposed amendment bill of the 2009 act on gambling games and some other acts (The Sejm press No. 795) puts forward the change in art. 5 of the 2009 act on gambling in this way, that monopoly of the state shall cover subsequently: a conduct of business in lottos, cash lotteries, games of the telebingo and games on machines undertaken outside casinos. In the draft of law at stakethere are quantitative restriction concerning the location of games and provision of a certain set of principles in the area of organising games on machines proposed, too. There are additionally requirements and restrictions relating to the organisers of games on machines introduced. Therefore, it must be underlined that according to the Court of Justice of the European Union (the European Court of Justice and the General Court) case law any restrictions adopted by the state towards the gambling sector of economy should limit the access of consumers to the gambling (to reduce the supply) in the so-called genuine and realistic way. Secondly, these regulations should have cohesive and systematic manner. The Tribunal repeatedly indicated, that in the situation when the given Member State is implementing a severe regulation and restrictions on the gambling sector, simultaneously conducting activity in this sector on a domestic market by itself, such state cannot refer to the public order and the necessity to hinder an access to gambling. The question of budget receipts is not meaningless in such terms, neverttheless it cannot constitute the only, or the main, justification for infringements of the fundamental rights and liberties of the Treaty on the Functionig of the European Union (see cases: C-275/92 brothers Schindler, C-124/97 Läärä and others, C-67/98 Zenatti, C-6/01 Anomar and others, C-243/01 Gambelli and others, joined cases C-338/04, C-359/04 and C-360/04 Placanica and others). In conclusion, there may be a positive opinion articulated as far as opening of the possibility to conduct games on machines outside casinos. The withdrawal from the prohibition of organising games outside casinos seems to be rational. However there are certain items which deserves criticism, like an extension of the state monopoly in the area of gambling over the games on machines. Moreover, it is not reasonable to charge the special state treasury’s company with the of the organization of the mentioned monopoly in games on machines. It is firstly because of additional extra costs, the lack of the knowledge of the very specific market, the lack of nation-wide structures and the logistics of the undertaking (storing machines, transportation, repairment, service center, devices etc.), and secondly due to reducing the economic freedom of private entrepreneurs which legally operate on this market for last decades. It appears that he Polish private capital shall not be replaced by the public economic initiative, and other measures as to achieve the public goals shall be involved, like certain proper fiscal mechanisms in the area of the gambling sector (appropriately constructed taxes guaranteeing budgetrevenue at an expected level).

20

Polityka tworzenia prawa w zakresie poprawy jakości powietrza w Polsce a interesy przedsiębiorstw

70%

Machowicz K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2020

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issue 4 (377)

167-176

EN

The aim of the article is to identify the economic factors that exert a real impact on the shape of the policy of law-making to improve air quality. This objective can be achieved by verifying the following hypotheses: - the sources of the penetration of environmental issues into politics are not homogeneous; - pro-quality political decisions and legal solutions to improve air quality can promote the interests of economic operators. The theoretical findings of this article are based on a critical analysis of the literature of the subject, a descriptive method, the exegesis of normative acts of generally applicable law, as well as an analysis of administrative and judicial case law. The decline in air quality is one of the negative effects of global development. An important element of counteracting this phenomenon is a properly conducted policy of law-creation. The aim of the article is to identify the economic drivers which have a real impact on policy of law creation to improve air quality. Multicentricity of decision-making is currently not limited only to political circles. While in the case of institutionalized political circles, the assessment of the course of decision-making processes may be based on measurable foundations, it is difficult to grasp the role of active subjects in the economy due to the diverse organizational status and dispersed nature and motivation of their activities. However, the state's income from the taxes remains an important background for the air quality policy of law-creation. In addition, the multicentricity of decision-making centres implies an increasing complexity of decision-making processes also in terms of their overlap.

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