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Efektywna demokracja parlamentarna Michela Debré

100%
Ujazdowski K. M.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
|
2016
|
vol. 38
|
issue 4
135-140
EN
In the 1930s, France epitomized a weakness of parliamentary democracy. Third Republic, that was recognized by many European countries as a model political system, was actually hit by a grave crisis combined with an increase of popularity of authoritarian trends. Undoubtedly, ineffectiveness of the French model of parliamentary democracy contributed to the fall of republican France in 1940. An in-depth and interesting analysis, which may also be recognized as an attempt made to overcome the weaknesses of parliamentary democracy, was put forward by Michel Debré in his writings published in the WWII years. One of the reasons why his draft of a rationalized parlia­mentary system deserves special attention is that this document inspired establishment of the Fifth Republic. Debré offered an exceptional lesson of critical thinking about the political system. This outstanding lawyer was able to correctly identify and effectively eliminate the vices of parliament­ary governments.
2

Uczestnictwo jako czynnik wyjaśniający demokratyczną emancypację Przypadek Cluj Napoca w Rumunii

67%
Almasan O.
Pedagogika Społeczna
|
2017 (R. XVI)
|
issue 3(65)
89-102
PL
W artykule ukazano, w jaki sposób procesy partycypacyjne (w tym przypadku budżetowanie partycypacyjne) wpływają na motywacje i zwyczaje aktywnego obywatelskiego zaangażowania w społeczeństwie o dużym dystansie do władzy i wysokich wynikach unikania i niepewności. Wyniki pokazują, że prawie wszyscy respondenci zgłaszali zdobycie nowych umiejętności i wiedzy, jak również zwiększone upodmiotowienie (empowerment). Jego przejawy dotyczyły zarówno dalszego zaangażowania wspólnotowego, jak i większego poczucia prawa do monitorowania władz publicznych i pociągania ich do odpowiedzialności.
EN
The study explores how participatory processes (in this case, participatory budgeting) impact people’s motivation for and the habit of active civic engagement in a society with high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance scores. The findings show that almost all respondents reported the acquisition of new skills and knowledge, as well as an increased expression of empowerment. The manifestations of empowerment varied from further community activism, to increased feeling of entitlement to monitor public authorities and hold them accountable.
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