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EN
Julian H. Steward claims that he is the only author of an anthropological approach called cultural ecology and no one affected him in the process of working out the concept. However, this essay shows that there are three main sources that influenced Steward: social and natural environment, family and educational background, and intellectual community. All of these sources affected him on different levels but without their influence Steward would not create such an original concept of anthropological approach. M s essay points out the importance of Steward’s hard work on a farm during his study in Deep Springs College and the significance of the natural environment of California. It emphasizes the role of Steward’s parents, his college educators, and professors in Berkeley, as well as his personal experience during the Great Depression. Finally, this article describes the influence of the intellectual community on Steward, especially by F. Boas, A. Kroeber, and publications of T. R. Malthus, C. D. Forde, C. O. Sauer, and many others.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje analizę badań pilotażowych przeprowadzonych w październiku 2018 roku w Puszczy Augustowskiej. Celem pilotażu było „wejście w teren” oraz zebranie materiału empirycznego poprzez przeprowadzenie etnograficznych badań terenowych. Podczas kilkudniowego pobytu miałam możliwość uczestniczenia w warsztatach bartniczych. Efektem wyjazdu terenowego jest pozyskany materiał źródłowy, dokumentacja fotograficzna oraz filmowa, dziennik badań terenowych, wywiady nieustrukturyzowane. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu analizę zebranego materiału badawczego oraz refleksję nad metodologią etnograficznych penetracji terenowych. Zwraca również uwagę na metody i techniki badawcze, które sprawdziły się w terenie oraz takie, które nie przyczyniły się do osiągnięcia oczekiwanych rezultatów. W artykule przedstawiona jest też analiza związków metodologii z tematem i problematyką prowadzonych badań etnograficznych.
EN
Julian H. Steward is the author of anthropological approach called cultural ecology. Steward had been working on the concept for about forty years and used that approach in both his theoretical and field works, the version of cultural ecology presented in his most famous work Theory of Culture Change (1955) is significantly different than the form of the approach published in 1968. The goal of this essay is to present evolution in Steward’s understanding of cultural ecology, and to show the differences between the two main versions of the approach, the main difference between them is the disaperence of cultural core and three procedures - ideas which were the basis of the earlier form of cultural ecology. Changes in Steward’s approach caused problems for his other concept, especially for multilinear evolution of culture and the concept of types of culture.
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