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Socjologiczne aspekty badania świadomości ekologicznej

100%
Kowalska M.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
|
2011
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vol. 15
383-396
PL
Poziom świadomości ekologicznej w Polsce uznawany jest za jeden z najniższych w Europie. Wynika to z braku oceny istniejącej sytuacji oraz faktu, że większość społeczeństwa nie widzi konieczności osobistego zaangażowania w tę problematykę. Nierzadko odpowiedzialność za stan przyrody zrzucana jest głównie na: naukowców, polityków czy ruchy ekologiczne. Tak więc znajomość stanu świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństwa odgrywa ważną rolę w programowaniu polityki ekologicznej państwa i wyborze narzędzi jej praktycznej realizacji.
EN
It is possible to say about ecological awareness while we’re able to observe the existence of real contact within given community or if we assume its existence at least. In other cases it will simply fix the sum of individual states of consciousness, which do not form a self-contained whole. It will be a static category, not social [Górka and others 2001]. An ecological awareness comes into being in the process of acquaintance with nature and searching human place in natural environment. It is gained in the processes of social socialization with other elements of culture [Sadowski 2000]. In sociology the division of three periods: period of popular ecological awareness, next, period of shaping ideological elements and period of educational ecological awareness formulated under pro-ecological education and knowledge is very popular. The scientific research the state and the period of society’s ecological awareness can be carried out both by means of systematic or fragmentary sociological researches or by studies about social conflicts or ecological movements. However it’s considered that sociologists are not right when they affirm that it’s possible to acquire the scientific awareness totally deprived ideological elements because when ecological awareness should be shaped first it is necessary to determine relations man-environment, which determination is a fundamental assumption of philosophical nature. The basic difficulty in sociological research of ecological awareness is the lack of inner cohesion in given opinions and people attitudes. It results from this sphere that ecological awareness occurs in two forms: awareness only in declared form and realized awareness that is really enters into life. The level of compliance between these kinds of awareness depend on human social surroundings and exerted social pressure. According to Galińskiego [2008] ”dissonance between verbal behaviours and real ones in ecological sphere and preferences for instrumental ecological values make the expression of careless attitude of polish society against surroundings at all – not only against natural environment”. In Poland only in eighties in twelve century researches with the aim of acquaintance the awareness of society started to be carried out. From that time many significant sociological researches have been carried out, but none of them haven’t proved the problem fully.
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Geneza, rozwój i status socjologii środowiskowej

94%
Trempała W.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2016
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vol. 14
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issue 1
165-197
EN
The process of the international identification of global ecological problems, initiated in the 1970s, enlivened the discussion on the character of relations between man and natural environment in the context of many humanistic and social disciplines. It also applies to sociology, whose representatives are frequently unjustly associated with attachment to their own scientific autonomy. The latter should consist in explaning the phenomenon of social life only with the use of social facts treated in separation from the impact of nature. The purpose of this article is an attempt of the deconstruction of genesis, development, and status of environmental sociology in the United States and Poland. In the former, this subdiscipline originated there and reported the greatest growth, whereas in the latter, its accomplishments remain dissipated, despite the fact that in some research areas – for instance in the scope of empirical descriptions of awareness and ecological attitudes of the public – it constitutes a coherent, valuable entirety. At the same time, the task of the author is popularization of history, traditions, and assumptions of environmental sociology, which contribution to the fight with the environmental crisis, although underestimated, is as substantial as the one developed in the scope of eco-philosophy led by environmental ethics, a leading field among humanistic and social studies.
3
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Miasto i community w ujęciu ekologii społecznej Amosa Henry'ego Hawleya

84%
Filipowicz-Adamowicz J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Studia Sociologica
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2010
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issue 20
9-26
PL
Artykuł prezentuje Amosa H. Hawleya neoekologiczne teorie średniego zasięgu dotyczące community, szczególnie typu miejskiego. W ujęciu tego autora community jest mechanizmem adaptacyjnym społeczności lokalnej, którego przestrzenny kształt zależy od technologii, przede wszystkim transportowo-komunikacyjnych. Miasto to community o charakterystycznym wzorze przestrzennym, a jego podstawową rolą jest pełnienie funkcji centrum usługowego. Urbanizacja jest wzrastającą organizacją specjalistów i zależy ściśle od dostępnych technologii transportowo-komunikacyjnych. Hawley dzieli historię urbanizacji na okresy powiązane z postępem technologicznym w tej dziedzinie. We współczesnych procesach urbanizacji wydziela trzy fazy: okres budowy miast oraz okresy metropolizacji i rozpraszania organizmów miejskich.
EN
The article presents Amos H. Hawley's neoecological theories of middle range concerned with community, especially an urban community. In the paper, community is viewed as an adaptive mechanism whose spatial shape depends on technology, especially communication and transport technology. An urban community is a community with a characteristic spatial pattern. The main function of an urban community is to act as a service centre. Urbanization, in Hawley's conception, is the growing organization of specialists and is connected with transport and communication technologies. The author divided the history of urbanization into periods related to technological progress. Three phases are distinguished in the contemporary processes of urbanization, namely: the city-building phase, metropolitan phase and dispersal of urban organisms.
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