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The importance of electroencephalography in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy due to cirrhosis – a case report

100%
Fuksa K.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2022
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issue 2
224-231
EN
Introduction and aim. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with cirrhosis of the liver is a neuropsychiatric syndrome, with symptoms ranging from barely detectable changes to deep coma. It frequently occurs in the form of episodes and relapses and can be triggered by external factors. HE severity is graded according to the West Haven criteria. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the ever-important and often key role of electroencephalography in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy, even in today’s era of increasingly advanced diagnostic methods. Description of the case. A 57-year-old patient, professionally active at the time, was admitted to the hospital’s Neurology Department on an emergency basis due to difficulties with standing and moving, orientation disorders and limb tremor. Conclusion. While HE pathogenesis is multifactorial, the most important factors include increased brain exposure to ammonia, intestinal dysbiosis, and endotoxemia inducing a systemic inflammatory response. Patient observation, blood laboratory tests, neuropsychological tests and neurophysiological tests (EEG and evoked potentials) play an important role in establishing the diagnosis. Treatment and secondary prevention of hepatic encephalopathy include elimination of triggers and reduction of ammonia production and improvement of its metabolism.
2
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Pętle neurofeedbacku. Elektroencefalografia jako strategia artystyczna w wybranych projektach z zakresu art & science

72%
Twardoch-Raś E.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2019
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vol. 107
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issue 4
142-158
EN
The aim of this article is to present art & science projects involving electroencephalography (EEG), and study them in terms of relationships between artistic narratives and medical procedures. Discussed are the works by pioneers of EEG applications in art (David Rosenboom, Alvin Lucier) and by contemporary artists (Lisa Park, Amy Karle), who are mainly interested in performances and relational installations. The author of the text analyses the projects with reference to the concept she introduces – biomediation (derived from Eugene Thacker’s theory of biomedia and a concept of mediation developed by Joanna Zylinska and Sarah Kember), pointing to the post- and transhumanist strategies used by the artists. She ponders on the extent to which the parameterisation and processing of bioelectric work of human brain may serve as a tool to expand the capacity of the human body-mind and thus create connections with ‘non-human’ constructs.
3
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Neural correlates of rhythmic expectancy

72%
Zanto T., Snyder J., Large E.
Advances in Cognitive Psychology
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2006
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vol. 2
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issue 2-3
221-231
EN
Temporal expectancy is thought to play a fundamental role in the perception of rhythm. This review summarizes recent studies that investigated rhythmic expectancy by recording neuro-electric activity with high temporal resolution during the presentation of rhythmic patterns. Prior event-related brain potential (ERP) studies have uncovered auditory evoked responses that reflect detection of onsets, offsets, sustains, and abrupt changes in acoustic properties such as frequency, intensity, and spectrum, in addition to indexing higher-order processes such as auditory sensory memory and the violation of expectancy. In our studies of rhythmic expectancy, we measured emitted responses - a type of ERP that occurs when an expected event is omitted from a regular series of stimulus events - in simple rhythms with temporal structures typical of music. Our observations suggest that middle-latency gamma band (20-60 Hz) activity (GBA) plays an essential role in auditory rhythm processing. Evoked (phase-locked) GBA occurs in the presence of physically presented auditory events and reflects the degree of accent. Induced (non-phase-locked) GBA reflects temporally precise expectancies for strongly and weakly accented events in sound patterns. Thus far, these findings support theories of rhythm perception that posit temporal expectancies generated by active neural processes.
4

Biopsychology of creativity

72%
Chruszczewski M. H.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2014
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vol. 29
49-69
EN
However interesting, the knowledge about the biopsychological determinants of human creative activity is not well known in the general psychology. The paper aims to present that knowledge, including its historical progress. Therefore the results of both older psychophysiological studies, especially electroencephalographic, as well as newer, dealing with different methods of neuroimaging, and also the newest, conducted within the paradigm of behavioral genetics, were described. Showing empirical results is associated with the attempts to interpreting them; the reported interpretations are made by the original authors or are made by the author of the article. Explanations are mainly focused on the phenomenon of decreased cognitive inhibition, situational decreasing of the cortical arousal in the creative persons during the inspiration period and the integrative activity imposed by the prefrontal cortex. The paper is closed with two proposed theoretical syntheses (first by Eysenck, the second by Heilman) presented with the accompanying comparative commentary.
PL
Biopsychologiczne uwarunkowania twórczej aktywności człowieka to wiedza interesująca, acz mało znana na gruncie psychologii ogólnej. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie jej, z ukazaniem historycznego rozwoju dziedziny. Omawiane są zatem tak wyniki dawniejszych badań psychofizjologicznych, głównie elektroencefalograficznych, jak i nowszych, prowadzonych różnymi metodami neuroobrazowania oraz najnowszych, realizowanych w paradygmacie genetyki zachowania. Przedstawieniu ważniejszych wyników towarzyszą próby ich interpretacji tak referowane za badaczami tematyki, jak i niekiedy własne. Interpretacje te koncentrują się przede wszystkim na zjawisku osłabionego hamowania poznawczego, sytuacyjnym obniżeniu pobudzenia korowego u osób twórczych w okresie inspiracji oraz integrującej aktywności kory przedczołowej. Artykuł zamykają dwie propozycje syntez teoretycznych (autorstwa Eysencka oraz Heilmana) wraz z porównującym je komentarzem.
5
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Similar but not the same: Application of EEG frontal alpha asymmetry to game research

58%
Mycka M. L., Czajka A.
Homo Ludens
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2018
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issue 1(11)
173-187
EN
In this study we investigate the efficacy of frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful games. Participants (N = 27) came to the lab setting on two occasions, playing one commercially available game on each visit while being measured by electroencephalography (EEG). The results revealed that FAA can be successfully used to differentiate between games, even when the differences between them are too small to be captured by self-report methods. The differences in the elicited FAA in two games correlated with the differences in player behavior measured immediately after the game sessions. However, FAA was not related to the enjoyment reported by the players.
PL
W ramach badania weryfikowaliśmy skuteczność asymetrii czołowej mierzonej w paśmie alfa (FAA) w różnicowaniu gier, które odniosły sukces rynkowy, i tych, które takiego sukcesu nie odniosły. Uczestnicy (N = 27) odbywali dwie wizyty w laboratorium, za każdym razem grając w jedną dostępną komercyjnie grę. W trakcie każdego z badań dokonywano pomiaru fal mózgowych uczestników za pomocą elektroencefalografii (EEG). Wyniki wykazały, że FAA można z powodzeniem stosować do rozróżniania pomiędzy grami, nawet jeśli różnice pomiędzy nimi są zbyt małe, aby zostały uchwycone metodami samoopisowymi. Różnice mierzone w FAA podczas dwóch rozgrywek były skorelowane z różnicami w preferencjach graczy. Jednak wskaźnik FAA nie był związany z deklarowaną przyjemnością z rozgrywki.
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