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Biogaz jako alternatywny nośnik energii

100%
Podeszwa E., Biernat K.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue 2
137-156
EN
The advantages of biogas, apart from being just an alternative energy source, are its various possibilities of conversion. Chemical energy can be converted into biogas for heat, electricity and chemical energy of other compounds. Therefore, there are numerous opportunities for using energy from biogas. Some of them are used in stationary installations. Another application is as a fuel for vehicle engines by burning biomethane.
2
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Globalization and development of Ukrainian agriculture

84%
Demyanenko S.
Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego
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2006
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vol. 14
EN
Ukrainian agriculture has a great potential for development in the framework of globalization and EU enlargement. The main direction for this aim is increasing of competitiveness of agricultural products through improvement of agricultural education and research. Taken under consideration the energy problems that world economy faces more and more, agriculture should play important role in keeping a country’s energy balance by supplying renewable energy sources like biodiesel, ethanol, and hard organic fuel.
3
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Thermal Waste Conversion as Energy Source – the Polish Legal Context. Selected Issues

84%
Modrzejewski A. K.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2023
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vol. 32
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issue 5
371-384
PL
W artykule przedstawiono polskie oraz powiązane z nimi unijne uwarunkowania prawne w zakresie termicznego przekształcania odpadów (w szczególności odpadów komunalnych i odpadów pochodzenia komunalnego) jako źródła energii. Postawiono hipotezę, że na obecnym etapie systemowego rozwoju gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w polskich uwarunkowaniach prawnych termiczne przekształcanie odpadów jest niezwykle istotnym elementem, który nie tylko pozwala osiągać wymierne korzyści środowiskowe, lecz także stanowi źródło energii elektrycznej. Nie można jednak spalania odpadów traktować jako podstawowego elementu gospodarki odpadami o obiegu zamkniętym. Spalarnie odpadów są i powinny być traktowane jako element domknięcia sytemu odpadowego z uwzględnieniem odzysku energii w systemie kogeneracji, ale też ograniczeń wynikających z taksonomii. Niewątpliwą zaletą tego typu instalacji jest możliwość produkcji energii cieplnej i wpływ na środowisko bardziej korzystny niż w przypadku spalania paliw kopalnych.
EN
The article presents Polish and related EU legal basis for thermal waste conversion (in particular municipal waste and waste of municipal origin) as an energy source. It was hypothesized that at the current stage of systemic development of municipal waste management in Polish legal conditions, thermal waste conversion is an extremely important element which not only allows for achieving quantifiable environmental benefits, but also constitutes a source of energy. However, waste incineration cannot be treated as a fundamental element of closed-loop waste management. Waste incineration plants are and should be treated as an element of complementing the waste system, taking into account energy recovery in the cogeneration system, but also the limitations arising from taxonomy. The unquestionable advantage of this type of installation is the possibility of producing thermal energy and a more beneficial impact on the environment than the combustion of fossil fuels.
4
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The small hydroelectric power stations as an element of the multifunctional development of rural areas

67%
Bukowski M.
Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego
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2007
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vol. 01(16)
EN
Poland’s accession to the EU has caused a necessity of harmonising Polish with the union law also in the field of energy law. It also enforces achievement of 7,5% share of energy from alternative sources in the total energy consumption in 2010. Execution of this international commitment will require more economic and legal support from the state. The development of alternative sources of energy creates chances of development of rural areas where these kinds of installations are being mostly located. This article presents an analysis of the economic efficiency of energy production on an example of 5 small hydroelectric power stations. The analysis is based on a comparison of full unit costs and unit revenue from energy sale. Bigger stations proved economically efficient while for the smaller the break even point is associated with an average water flow of 153 million m3/year.
5
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Rural houses heating costs

59%
Manteuffel Szoege H.
Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego
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2008
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vol. 03(18)
EN
Average full (including capital, operation and maintenance costs) annual heating costs in a standard family house with 180 m2 of floor surface are compared for various heating systems under the Polish economic conditions. The compared heating technologies comprise water to water and ground loop heat pumps with both vertical and horizontal loops, a liquid gas combustion furnace, an earth gas combustion furnace, a coal combustion furnace, a straw combustion furnace, a wood combustion furnace and an electric stove. A sensitivity analysis with regard to the interest rate and the value of owner’s work did not change the general conclusion that in most cases heat pumps were the cheapest, while oil and coal burning furnaces or an electric boiler the most expensive solutions. The cost of own labour was decisive for the appraisal of labour intensive systems.
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