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EN
The purpose of this article is to study G. Alföldy’s contribution to women’s history thanks to a review of his articles and his main monographs, so as to assess how much significance he attached to them.
EN
The article provides a transcription, translation, and analysis of the Old Nubian legends on a painting of a dancing scene in room 5 of the Southwest Annex of the Monastery on Kom H in Dongola. The painting shows two groups of Nubian singing and dancing, and from the legends we understand that the occasion is the birth of a new heir to the royal throne, and that the Virgin Mary is invoked to ease the pangs of labour.
EN
The Southern Room of Amun Project is one of the egyptological projects of the PCMA’s Polish–Egyptian Archaeological and Conservation Mission in the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari. The paper presents epigraphic work carried out in this room between 2014 and 2015, during which almost the entire wall decoration was recorded. The article is a wall-by-wall presentation, paying special attention to the most important transformations of the reliefs over time
EN
The article discusses the life as well as academic and teaching work of Alexandr Martinovich Pridik, professor of Old Greek literature at the University of Warsaw. The author used previously unpublished archival material as well as writings of the academician. A.M. Pridik was in fact the only Professor of the University of Warsaw (later the Donskoy University) who succeeded in fleeing Bolshevik Russian and later continued his scholarly and teaching activities in Estonia, which by then had gained independence.
EN
In this brief note, I ofer correctionsto two interpretations from the editio princeps of a series of legends on a painting in room 5 in the Southwest Annex of the Monastery on Kom H in Dongola.
EN
The Karśnicki family from Łęczyckie and Sieradzkie are related to 4 epigraphic monuments. The first, now lost, recorded only in the work of Szymon Starowolski, Monumenta Sarmatarum, concerns Barbara Sarnowska, after her husband Sasin Karśnicka, buried in Łowicz in 1583, next to her uncle, the archbishop of Gniezno, Jan Przerębski. Three other monuments are located in the former Bernardine church in Ostrzeszów and concern members of the family Fundament Karśnicki, Jastrzębiec coat of arms: a baroque epitaph of Tomasz wojski (tribunus) of Ostrzeszów (died 1707), the tombstone of his son Jerzy Florian, lieutenant colonel in the service of the field hetman Stanisław Rzewuski, stolnik (dapifer) of Wieluń (died 1742) and the tombstone of Kazimierz judge of the Wieluń (died 1797), son of Franciszek of Kierzno, stolnik (dapifer) of Ostrzeszów and grandson of Tomasz. The authors present the genealogy of both families, family connections and political activity.
PL
Rodziny Karśnickich pochodzących z Łęczyckiego i Sieradzkiego dotyczą cztery zabytki epigraficzne. Pierwszy, obecnie zaginiony, odnotowany tylko w pracy Szymona Starowolskiego Monumenta Sarmatarum, dotyczy Barbary Sarnowskiej, po mężu Sasin Karśnickiej, pochowanej w Łowiczu w 1583 r. obok wuja arcybiskupa gnieźnieńskiego Jana Przerębskiego. Trzy kolejne zabytki znajdują się w dawnym kościele bernardyńskim w Ostrzeszowie i dotyczą członków rodziny Fundament Karśnickich h. Jastrzębiec: epitafium barokowe wojskiego ostrzeszowskiego Tomasza (zm. 1707), nagrobek jego syna Jerzego Floriana, podpułkownika w służbie hetmana polnego Stanisława Rzewuskiego, stolnika wieluńskiego (zm. 1742) i tablica nagrobna sędziego wieluńskiego Kazimierza (zm. 1797), syna Franciszka z Kierzna, stolnika ostrzeszowskiego i wnuka Tomasza. Autorzy prezentują genealogię obu rodzin, powiązania rodzinne i działalność polityczną.
EN
Due to the needs of intensive agriculture, all ancient civilizations had to create and maintain irrigation systems. It was also in the interest of the Roman Empire to provide equivalent conditions for the cultivation of soil. The consistently discovered epigraphic and papyrological sources allow one to reconstruct the legal forms of action which were employed by the Romans in order to maintain the irrigation networks. It turns out that they are completely different. The following two are used as examples of administrative and legal means which were used in the provinces of Hispania Tarraconensis and Aegyptus. In the former, on the basis of the tablet containing Lex Rivi Hiberiensis, an image of local government structures emerges. And in the latter, thanks to papyruses, it is possible to recreate the hierarchical structures which were characteristic of the previous forms of statehood in the area. On the basis of the previous publications on the subject, administrative structures are described with particular emphasis on legal aspects.
PL
Na potrzeby intensywnego rolnictwa wszystkie starożytne cywilizacje musiały stworzyć i utrzymywać systemy irygacyjne. W interesie także cesarstwa rzymskiego leżało zapewnienie odpowiednik warunków dla uprawy roli. Konsekwentnie odkrywane źródła epigraficzne i papirologiczne pozwalają rekonstruować prawne formy działania jakimi posługiwali się Rzymianie, w celu utrzymania sieci irygacyjnych. Okazują się być one diametralnie różne. Jako dwa przykłady wykorzystane zostały środki administracyjnoprawne zastosowane w prowincjach Hispania Tarraconensis oraz Aegyptus. W pierwszej, na podstawie tablicy zawierającej Lex Rivi Hiberiensis, wyłonił się obraz struktur samorządowych, w drugiej zaś dzięki papirusom, można odtworzyć struktury hierarchiczne, charakterystyczne dla poprzednich form państwowości na tym terenie. Na podstawie dotychczasowych publikacji zostały opisane struktury administracyjne, ze szczególnym naciskiem na aspekty prawne.
EN
This article analyses the standards of textuality (according to Beaugrande & Dressler 1981) of the Danish funerary inscriptions. The basis of the test is a corpus of 250 grave inscriptions arising in the period 1770-2003 from Copenhagen cemetery Assistens Kirkegård. The first part of the paper bases on the seven criteria of textuality: cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality. In the second part the study focuses on illocutionary structure and communicative functions and leads to the conclusion that the examined speech genre includes the most of the illocutionary speech acts: assertives, commissives, expressives and directives.
EN
The works of the Commission de Topographie des Gaules (CTG) try something new in the emerging fields of archaeology and epigraphy thanks, to the launching of the original projects of an extensive epigraphical survey and the creation of an national and archaeological museum. The important epigraphical project of the Commission, which remains not clearly defined, took place in the intellectual movement in the 19th century, which saw the birth of sciences like archaeology and epigraphy and the publication of the first epigraphical corpus. If the inquiry is a legacy from the traditional epigraphical collections, the Commission creates a large network of local intellectuals who send a lot of prints and copies to achieve the original goal: to make the first epigraphical inventory of the national territory and present it to the scientific community through the epigraphical exhibition in the new Musée gallo–romain. Founded by imperial decree of March 8th, 1862 and sheltered in a palace with a high symbolic value, the Musée gallo–romain, today the National Archaeological Museum addresses peculiarities well outside the purview of museums of con- temporary fine arts. The investment of the CTG in the creation of this innovative institution deeply marks the museography, as well as the welcome of the researchers and the general public. Designed as a research centre that aims to make the archaeological archives of France accessible. By analysis of these two case studies, one scientific and the other institutional, this article intends to make a contribution to the understanding of what archaeology is in these practices and institutions during the second half of the 19th century, by way of the collective works rather than individual pieces.
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Ghazali 2012: preliminary report

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EN
The medieval monastery at Ghazali in Sudan was excavated in part by the Sudan Antiquities Service in 1953 and 1954, and is one of the best preserved archaeological sites in the country. A new project of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, and the National Corporation of Antiquities and Museums of Sudan revisited the ruins with a site presentation project coupled with excavation geared to bringing out a final publication of the remains, which are of utmost importance for studies of medieval Nubian history. Site surveying (including geophysics) and mapping occupied most of the short season in 2012, but some unexpected discoveries were also made.
PL
Zarys treści: Autor omawia pokrótce stan badań nad czeską epigrafiką i wskazuje ich perspektywy na dalszą przyszłość.Abstract: The author shortly describes the state of research on the Czech epigraphics; he shows the perspectives of these research for the future.
EN
Republika Czeska nie stoi na czele europejskich badań na polu średniowiecznej i nowożytnej epigrafiki. Mimo to jest w stanie zaprezentować interesujące i wartościowe rezultaty, zwłaszcza jeśli wziąć pod uwagę ograniczone zasoby czeskiej epigrafii. Udostępnianie czeskich inskrypcji ma długą tradycję, poczynając od licznych średniowiecznych działań, poprzez okres wczesnonowożytny i nowożytny. Jakie możliwości na przyszłość rysują się dla rozwoju czeskiej epigrafiki? Możemy rozważyć rozwiązanie uniwersyteckie jako w zasadzie wystarczające, ale wciąż pozostaje problem dostępnej kadry i osadzenia instytucjonalnego. Zwłaszcza katalogowanie i szersze syntezowanie stanowią naglący problem. Wiąże się to z życiowo ważnym społecznym „żądaniem”, do którego epigrafika musi podejść czynnie. Zwłaszcza współpraca z historykami sztuki i powiązanie badań epigraficznych z badaniami nad pomnikami nagrobnymi mogą okazać się tu szczególnie produktywne.
EN
The most unusual architectural feature of the Cistercian abbey in Henryków is the asymmetrically situated tower from 1608. It was erected by the foundation of abbot Nicolaus Hibner, placing the whole figure epitaph of the founder on it. The inscriptions included comment on the sense of the creation through the fragmenst of travesty of Psalm 26 and Proverbs of Solomon. In the light of above, the tower can be interpreted in the eschatological context associated with the memory of the abbot-founder, but also in the socio-political structure of the Duchy of Münsterberg (Duchy of Ziębice). The rank of the convent was based on the grants, privileges and their confirmations achieved through the centuries; inevitably, it was anchored in the near or distant past. Built in after Trident era, Gothic in its expression, the tower – the eternal symbol of power and security – stands as a monumental artistic parallel of those anchored in the medieval past grants. The comparison with the drawings from 1486 indicates that the facade of the abbatial church, enriched with a tower and domed vestibule from 18th century, could have been formed over many decades in reference to the temple concealing the tomb of Lord. The literary (historiographical) legacy provides several examples of identifying of Cistercians, also those from Henryków, with the Chosen People. The references to the Jerusalemite topography can be found on the epitaphs of two 16th century Cistercians from Henryków. Concerning the church in Henryków as such, there are not as legible, however, there must be drawn a question about the shape of medieval chapel of st. James, situated on the axis of the temple, which from 1760–1762 was replaced with elliptical chapel of st. Mary Magdalene, in which the medieval tomb of abbey benefactors was placed – The Duke Bolko and his wife Judith (Jutta).
EN
The paper deals with a high-quality and very rare medal issued in honour of the Bishop of Cracow Andrzej Trzebicki in 1677, of which only a few specimens struck in gold and silver are known. Its obverse represents a bust-length image of the prelate turned right, with a legend running around the rim, while the reverse features an image of a swan accompanied by a Latin motto and date. The medal, issued in Gdańsk, was executed after a design by Johann Höhn the Younger. Regrettably, neither the issuer nor the circumstances of the medal’s commission are known. What is of key importance for determining the above facts is the correct reading of the sigla: ‘ATH D.D.D’, inscribed on the obverse, which so far have been deciphered as: ‘Andreas Trzebicki honor dat, donat, dedicat’. In keeping with this reading, the bishop himself would have been the issuer of a medal struck in his honour. Having analysed documentary evidence, the authors of the present paper have put forward alternative readings of the inscription: ‘Andreae Trzebicki Honori Dat Dedit Dedicat’ or ‘Andreae Trzebicki Haec [numisma?] Data Decreto Decurionum’. The latter reading seems to be more plausible and suggests that, hypothetically, the medal may have been issued by the Cracow city council. The immediate reason for issuing the medal may have been Trzebicki’s support of the strivings of the municipal authorities of Cracow for autonomy in electing members of the city council, which until then were appointed by the local voivode. These efforts took place in 1677 and concluded with a charter issued by King John III Sobieski in Gdańsk on 30 December of that year, granting the city the requested rights. The magnificent medal reveals an aspect of eulogising the prelate, and his praise is expressed not only through his faithful likeness depicted on the obverse. Trzebicki used the ‘Swan’ coat of arms, and the swan was widely interpreted as a symbol of chastity. The motto ‘Candore’ on the reverse refers to not only the whiteness of the swan but also to the principles to which the bishop adhered, both in his private life and in carrying out his public duties. The medal under discussion has from the very beginning enjoyed a special appreciation of collectors, as attested by his detailed analysis included in a study of the medallic collection of King Frederick I in Berlin, by Lorenz Beger, published 1704. Beger has noted the titulature of the prelate, ‘Dei et Apostolicae Sedis gratia’ – which he considered incorrect (from a Protestant point of view). Additionally, he pointed out to the ambiguity of the swan as a symbol of chastity, as the bird has a black skin hidden under white plumage, which can be interpreted as duplicity, unfair intentions and hypocrisy.  
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest wysokiej klasy medalowi znanemu z niewielkiej liczby egzemplarzy wybitych w złocie i srebrze ku czci biskupa krakowskiego Andrzeja Trzebickiego (1677). Na awersie przedstawiono popiersie hierarchy w prawo z legendą biegnącą dookoła, natomiast na rewersie wizerunek łabędzia z łacińską dewizą i datą.  Emisja miała miejsca w Gdańsku, a projekt numizmatu wykonał Johann Höhn Mł. Niestety emitent, ani okoliczności zamówienia nie są znane. Kluczowe znaczenie ma prawidłowa interpretacja sygli na awersie: ATH D.D.D., które dotychczas czytano: „Andreas Trzebicki honor dat, donat, dedicat”. W myśl takiej lekcji sam biskup byłby emitentem medalu ku swojej czci. Autorzy po analizie źródeł zaproponowali wariantywne propozycje odczytu: „Andreae Trzebicki Honori Dat Dedit Dedicat” lub „Andreae Trzebicki Haec [numisma?] Data Decreto Decurionum”. Druga lekcja wydaje się prawdopodobniejsza, co skłania do hipotetycznego uznania za emitenta medalu krakowskiej rady miejskiej. Bezpośrednim powodem emisji mogło być popieranie przez Trzebickiego starań o uzyskanie przez władze Krakowa samodzielności w wybieraniu rajców, dotąd wskazywanych przez miejscowego wojewodę. Starania te miały miejsce w 1677 r. i zakończyły się wydaniem przez króla Jana III Sobieskiego odpowiedniego przywileju (30 grudnia) w Gdańsku. Wspaniały medal ma wydźwięk apologetyczny i głosi chwałę hierarchy nie tylko przez ukazanie jego wiernej podobizny. Trzebicki posługiwał się herbem łabędź, który był interpretowany powszechnie jako symbol czystości.  Dewiza Candore odnosi się zarówno do bieli łabędzia, jak do zasad przyświecających biskupowi w życiu prywatnym i działalności publicznej. Omawiany medal cieszył się od początku szczególnym uznaniem kolekcjonerów, o czym zaświadcza jego dokładna analiza w opracowaniu kolekcji medali króla Fryderyka I w Berlinie autorstwa Lorenza Begera (1704). Autor zwrócił uwagę na błędną z punktu widzenia protestanta tytulaturę hierarchy „Dei et Apostolicae Sedis gratia”), a także na ambiwalencję łabędzia jako symbolu czystości (ptak ten ma czarną skórę ukrytą pod białymi piórami, co można interpretować jako dwoistość, nieczystość intencji i hipokryzję).
EN
Michał Tyszkiewicz was an outstanding collector of antiquities and a pioneer of Polish archaeological excavations in Egypt conducted in late 1861 and early 1862, which yielded a generous donation of 194 Egyptian antiquities to the Paris Louvre. Today Tyszkiewicz’s name features engraved on the Rotunda of Apollo among the major Museum’s donors. Having settled in Rome for good in 1865, Tyszkiewicz conducted archaeological excavations there until 1870. He collected ancient intaglios, old coins, ceramics, silverware, golden jewellery, and sculptures in bronze and marble. His collection ranked among the most valuable European ones created in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Today, its elements are scattered among over 30 major museums worldwide, e.g. London’s British Museum, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen, New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, or the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The latest investigation of M. Tyszkiewicz’s correspondence to the German scholar Wilhelm Froehner demonstrated that Tyszkiewicz widely promoted the development of archaeology and epigraphy; unique pieces from his collections were presented at conferences at Rome’s Academia dei Lincei or at the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris, and published by Italian, French, Austrian, and German scholars. He was considered an expert in glyptic, and today’s specialists, in recognition of his merits, have called a certain group of ancient cylinder seals the ‘Tyszkiewicz Seals’, an Egyptian statue in black basalt has been named the ‘Tyszkiewicz Statue’, whereas an unknown painter of Greek vases from the 5th century BC has been referred to as the ‘Painter Tyszkiewicz’.
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Res Historica
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2023
|
issue 55
69-101
EN
The collection of oldest bells in the Lubliniec region is too modest in terms of quantity to draw general conclusions. Their value is revealed against the background of certain more common features of their proper resource context. It is believed that the context for them is formed primarily by Silesian bell foundry monuments with centers in Nysa and Wroclaw, and the production of Czech bell foundry workshops in the second place. Unfortunately, this statement should also remain research intuition in the face of still poor state of research on Upper Silesian epigraphy, heavy losses in the Upper Silesian campanological resources, and, finally, the persistent existence of components of the resource outside the places of their historical existance (Germany). The analyzed monuments, located in a small area bordering Silesia, carry content relevant to bell epigraphy in Central Europe. In terms of inscription writing, they confirm a certain inertia of the duration of Gothic minuscule and the attractiveness of Proto-Renaissance capital in Silesian foundry workshops.
PL
Najstarsze dzwony regionu lublinieckiego są zbiorem ilościowo zbyt skromnym, aby na ich podstawie formułować wnioski o charakterze ogólnym. Ich wartość ujawnia się na tle pewnych powszechniejszych cech właściwego im kontekstu źródłowego. Sądzimy, że kontekst ten tworzą dla nich na pierwszym planie przede wszystkim zabytki ludwisarstwa śląskiego z ośrodkami w Nysie i Wrocławiu, na drugim planie zaś produkcja czeskich warsztatów odlewniczych. Niestety i to stwierdzenie musi bardziej pozostać intuicją badawczą, w sytuacji wciąż słabego stanu badań nad epigrafiką górnośląską, dużych strat w górnośląskim zasobie kampanologicznym, wreszcie wciąż utrzymującej się egzystencji składników tego zasobu poza miejscami ich historycznego funkcjonowania (Niemcy). Analizowane zabytki, zlokalizowane w regionie niewielkim i pogranicznym dla Śląska, przenoszą treści istotne dla epigrafiki dzwonów w Europie Środkowej. W zakresie pisma inskrypcji potwierdzają pewną inercyjność trwania minuskuły gotyckiej i atrakcyjność kapitały protorenesansowej w śląskich warsztatach odlewniczych.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
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2019
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vol. 19
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issue 1
153-172
EN
This article discusses a Late Roman Greek Christian epitaph discovered in ancient Tomis (now the Romanian city of Constanţa: SEG 19-463 = IGLR no 47 = SEG 28-625). This epitaph commemorates a certain Ὠδυσιτᾶνος βικάρι(ο)ς Markellos. I summarise the discussion concerning Markellos and his ofce. According to the Romanian scholar Ion Barnea and some modern scholars, Markellos might have been the vicarius of Odessos (modern Varna) who governed the provinces of Moesia Secunda and Scythia Minor in the period between the abolition of the office of vicarius for Trace in the late 5th century and the establishment of the quaestura Iustiniana exercitus in 536 AD. The Bulgarian scholars Velizar Velkov and Veselin Beševliev claim that Markellos was a clergyman born in Odessos who died in Tomis – and this opinion is widely held, while according to the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire Markellos might have been the deputy of a military officer from Odessos. In my opinion Markellos most probably came from Odessos, but it is impossible to ascertain what kind of vicarius he could have been. I conclude my article with an observation that this inscription is a good example of the importance and limitations of juridical epigraphy, showing the need for modern epigraphical methods in Roman law studies.
PL
Tekst analizuje późnorzymskie chrześcijańskie epitafium w języku greckim, znalezione w rumuńskim mieście Constanţa (starożytne Tomis: SEG 19-463 = IGLR no 47 = SEG 28-625). Upamiętnia ono Markellosa, który był Ὠδυσιτᾶνος βικάρι(ο)ς. Autor streszcza dyskusję poświęconą Markellosowi i urzędowi, który pełnił. Według rumuńskiego badacza Ion Barnea i niektórych innych uczonych Markellos mógł być wikariuszem Odessos (współczesna Warna), który zarządzał dolnodunajskimi prowincjami Mezja Sekunda i Scytia Mniejsza w okresie pomiędzy likwidacją wiakriatu Tracji w końcu V wieku a utworzeniem quaestura Iustiniana exercitus w 536 r. Bułgarscy badacze Velizar Velkov i Veselin Beševliev sformułowali najpopularniejszy dzisiaj pogląd, że Markellos był wikariuszem w strukturach kościelnych, urodzonym w Odessos, który zmarł w Tomis. Odosobnioną hipotezę zaprezentowano w Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire; według niej Markellos mógł być vicarius, zastępcą trybuna wojsk rzymskich z Odessos. Autor dowodzi, że najprawdopodobniej Markellos urodził się w Odessos ale nie można przekonywująco ustalić jakim był rodzajem wikariusza. W konkluzjach podkreśla, że inskrypcja jest przykładem znaczenia i ograniczeń epigrafiki prawniczej, wskazując na potrzebę wykorzystywania metod współczesnej epigrafki w badaniach nad prawem rzymskim.
EN
During the spring season of 2017, the study of the texts and relief decoration in the large Late Period shaft tombs of Iufaa and Menekhibnekau in the western part of the Abusir necropolis continued. The final publication of the texts from the tomb of Menekhibnekau is planned to appear in 2018. At the same time, the superstructure of another large shaft tomb, dubbed AW 6 and situated to the north-east of the structure of Udjahorresnet, was completely excavated. Originally, it consisted of an enclosure measuring about 19.5 metres square and surrounding a huge central shaft (about 14 m2). On the numerous limestone fragments, no traces of inscriptions or relief decoration have been preserved. A limestone base (originally serving perhaps for a stela) was found in its original position in front of the northern facade of the enclosure; similar bases were unearthed in the centres of the remaining three sides of the original enclosure in 2015. Therefore, the tomb might have been used for the burial of its – as yet anonymous – owner. In the close vicinity of the original enclosure, no traces of a small shaft were found that would give access to the burial chamber situated at the bottom of the huge central shaft. Rather surprisingly, however, another shaft (measuring 5.5 m2) came to light close to the southwestern corner of the enclosure. Judging from its position, it might be either another embalmers’ cache or, more probably perhaps, the burial place of a family member (?) of the owner of AW 6.
EN
The 1960s rescue campaign in Nubia offered a unique opportunity to the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology which had only just been established. Its new team took part in an extensive as well as intensive campaign, which included epigraphic surveys as well as excavations and anthropol ogical research concerning present-day Nubia. Expedition preparations and logistics were complicated by the partic ular conditions in the then Czechoslovakia. Behind- the-scenes pressures were high; despite politically motivated difficulties and a demanding programme, the series of Nubian expeditions was a success story, result - ing in respect ed specialist publications and a positive general public response on an international as well as national level.
EN
This article discusses the content of the inscriptions commemorating Valerian Olszowski coat of arms Prus II. The tombstone is in the church of saint Lawrence in Stolec in the Renaissance style. The inscription has got several obvious advantages. Firstly, it informs about the political role of the family Olszowscy, both Valerian and his sons. This monument is also an excellent example of the use of epigraphic monuments in genealogical researches and accurately determines the cause of death of the title character. The article is also an attempt to resolve a heraldic program, which consists of coats of arms Prus II, Jastrzębiec, Ostoja, Topór. In addition to this, the author took the issues related to the origin of the family Olszowscy, which should be treated as a contribution to the history of this family in the Central Poland.  
PL
Artykuł omawia treść inskrypcji upamiętniającej Waleriana Olszowskiego herbu Prus II (1587–1650). Nagrobek znajduje się obecnie w kościele pod wezwaniem św. Wawrzyńca w Stolcu i utrzymany jest w stylu renesansowym. Inskrypcja ma kilka niewątpliwych zalet. Po pierwsze, informuje na temat roli politycznej przedstawicieli rodu Olszowskich, czyli nie tylko Waleriana, lecz także jego synów. Stanowi także dobry przykład wykorzystania zabytków epigraficznych w badaniach genealogicznych oraz – co jest niezwykłą rzadkością – precyzyjnie określa przyczynę zgonu tytułowego bohatera. Artykuł stanowi również próbę rozwiązania programu heraldycznego, na który składają się herby Prus II, Jastrzębiec, Ostoja, Topór. Ponadto autor podjął zagadnienia związane z pochodzeniem rodu Olszowskich w okresie średniowiecza, które można potraktować jako drobny przyczynek do dziejów tej familii w Polsce Centralnej.
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