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PL
Prawdziwość teorii naukowej fizycy znajdują zarówno w przedmiocie, jak i podmiocie poznania, mówiąc jednak częściej o odkrywaniu praw przyrody, a rzadziej o ich tworzeniu. W pracy zestawiam przykłady rozwoju i przenikania się obu koncepcji, pokazując niewerbalne źródła myślenia w poznaniu i odkryciu naukowym, aż do etapu przedstawiania teorii. Od czasu „przełomu Kopernikańskiego w myśleniu”, zapisanego w Krytykach Kanta, większą rolę przypisujemy poznaniu podmiotowemu, a wtedy wzrasta rola pozawerbalnych, prelogicznych i niekategoryzowalnych filozoficznie, mechanizmów budowania wiedzy. Estetyka poznania jest traktowana bądź to jako poznanie niewerbalne, bądź jako percepcja piękna. Taki rodzaj „piękna” utożsamianego z prawdą jest tworzony lub odkrywanyw procesie obserwacji przyrody, kiedy podmiot poznania tworzy byty będące w istocie modelami rzeczywistości, nacechowane podmiotowym i estetycznym artefaktem.
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Witkiewiczowie w Lovranie

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The essay explores a theme of differences between the two Witkiewiczes – father and son. These disparities concern lifestyle, ethics, politics and art. The father wanted his son to realize his own ideas of art. In the son’s opinion the father’s idea had failed and in turn he invented an even more radical aesthetics. Lovran is a place where the basic categories of Witkacy’s theory of Pure Form were formulated.
PL
Bocheński Tomasz, Witkiewiczowie w Lovranie [The Two Witkiewiczes in Lovran]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 14. Poznań 2010, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 203-213. ISBN 978-83-232-2210-1. ISSN 1644-6763. The essay explores a theme of differences between the two Witkiewiczes – father and son. These disparities concern lifestyle, ethics, politics and art. The father wanted his son to realize his own ideas of art. In the son’s opinion the father’s idea had failed and in turn he invented an even more radical aesthetics. Lovran is a place where the basic categories of Witkacy’s theory of Pure Form were formulated.
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„Prochem jesteś...”

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Dust, powder, ash – the categories of description of everything associated with passing and evanescence, forgetfulness, finitude, of elimination of time, new, contemporary, but also a reference to a rebirth, purification, reminders. Although dust is the most important, powder dominates. Rebirth is usually only an attempt, ending in failure. Playwrights, poets, writers are trying to put into words the eternal correctness and inalienable truth that says, from dust you are and to dust you shall return. Destruction, decay and old age, destruction and plunge into nothingness is best described as a man as a “miserable dust.” The heroes try to fight the burning of which begins at birth, but the course of this river cannot be reversed
PL
Artykuł jest analizą zagadnień estetyzacji przestrzeni w kontekście kulturowym. Istnieje potrzeba analizy, czy przynajmniej szkicu przybliżającego kulturowe uwarunkowania kształtowania przestrzeni, które doprowadziły do obecnej sytuacji w polskich miastach. Szkic ten może być jednym z głosów w obecnie prowadzonej dyskusji na temat tak zwanej estetyzacji przestrzeni oraz podejmowanych przez zainteresowanych decyzji.
EN
In the author’s opinion, the introduction of the new concept of aesthetisation, aside spatial order, leads to unnecessary confusion. There are no separate spatial order and aesthetic issues. These issues are already denoted in the definition of spatial order. It is not only a lexical matter. This mechanism is a proof of insensitivity to the effects of the disastrous state of the spatial order, namely new smaller scale phenomena, such as: littering the landscape with commercials, incoherent colours of buildings or unusable urban furniture. The basic problem, which unfortunately is impossible to be solved by short-term actions, is the nonexistence of the city culture in Poland. The spatial expression of this culture in a European city is the continuous street frontage, of which there is very little in our cities nowadays. The space of Polish cities is discontinuous, underinvested, filled with huge amounts of non-places, not suitable for any use and just empty. In recent decades, the vacuum in our cities was filled with the entrepreneurial energy of Poles, who simply want to benefit from its existence. Their level of aesthetic education will not change that fact, while the artificial blocking of this phenomenon does not remove the causes - namely the disappearance of an active use of public space in the city. Countering the commonly present in Polish cities suburbanization and focusing investment efforts on creating dense urban perimeter blocks inside the city should be the most important postulate concerning issues of aesthetisation.
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Miasta – jako przestrzenie kumulacji zarówno potencjałów, jak i wyzwań rozwojowych – od dawna stanowią przedmiot zainteresowania Komisji Europejskiej. Zmiany priorytetów rozwojowych, doświadczenia związane z wdrażaniem kolejnych okresów programowania, jak również ewolucja zasad funkcjonowania samych organizmów miejskich skutkowały wprowadzaniem kolejnych dedykowanych instrumentów. Punktem wyjścia dla dotychczas stosowanych inicjatyw (URBAN, URBAN II, JESSICA) było założenie, że zdegradowane obszary miast powinny być wyprowadzane z sytuacji kryzysowej poprzez działania zintegrowane i wielopłaszczyznowe, ponieważ występujące problemy społeczne, przestrzenne i gospodarcze wzajemnie się warunkują Okres programowania 2014–2020 ma wnieść nową jakość w planowaniu rozwoju poprzez interwencję na obszarach miejskich. Promowane jest myślenie wykraczające poza granice administracyjne miasta – zakładające synergiczny rozwój całych miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych. Innowacje organizacyjne dotyczą przede wszystkim określenia minimalnej kwoty zabezpieczonej na „miejski wymiar” polityki spójności, jak również wprowadzenia instrumentu uwzględniającego zależności między zjawiskami zachodzącymi między różnymi samorządami terytorialnymi pozostającymi w strefie oddziaływania danego organizmu miejskiego – Zintegrowanych Inwestycji Terytorialnych (ZIT). Ze względu na specyfikę sieci osadniczej oraz zróżnicowanie systemów terytorialnych sposoby realizacji „wymiaru miejskiego” zostają określone indywidualnie w umowie między Komisją Europejską, krajem członkowskim a jego partnerami we wdrażaniu polityki rozwoju – w przypadku Polski z samorządowymi województwami. Nowe instrumenty rozwojowe wpływają również na polski system prawny. Planowanie przestrzenne na poziomie regionalnym przesuwa się z obszaru zagadnień infrastrukturalnych w kierunku narzędzia prowadzenia polityki rozwoju społecznogospodarczego, w sposób szczególny skupiając się na delimitacji i określaniu kierunków działań dla obszarów problemowych i funkcjonalnych – w tym miejskich. W tle dyskusji nad nowymi mechanizmami, w pełniejszy sposób realizującymi cele rozwojowe, pojawia się jednak szereg pytań dotyczących roli miast wobec otaczających ośrodków i optymalnej polaryzacji potencjałów.
EN
The presented text is a translation of the first chapter of Eshelman’s book Performatism, or the End of Postmodernism (2008). Its main thesis is based on the assumption that along with the exhaustion of postmodernism a new aesthetic paradigm emerges, namely – performatism. Deriving his project from a new notion of sign (grounded on the anthropological theory of ostensivity by Eric Gans) and the description of a crucial aesthetic device called ‘double framing’, Eshelman tracks down symptoms of the epochal change in literary and visual works as well as in movies and architecture. The text also lays foundation for new monist concepts of subjectivity, time and history.
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Physicists find the truth of a scientific theory both in the subject as well as in the agent of cognition, however, more often they speak about discovering the laws of nature, less than about their creation. This paper summarises examples of the development and diffusion of both concepts, showing examples of non‑verbal thinking in the sources of knowledge and scientific discovery up until the stage of presentation of the theory. Since the “Copernican turn in thinking”, Kant’s critics ascribe a greater role within personal knowledge and increasing the role of non‑verbal, without any philosophical categories, building knowledge like mechanisms. Aesthetic of discovery is treated either as a non‑verbal cognition or as a perception of beauty. This kind of „beauty”, often associated with the truth, is created or discovered in the process of observation of nature, when knowledge creates beings that are in fact models of reality characterised by subjective and aesthetic artefact.
Colloquia Litteraria
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2018
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vol. 25
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issue 2
57-111
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Thomist Sources of Czesław Miłosz’s Poetic Aesthetics The article shows the essays and poetry of Czeslaw Milosz in the context of Aquinas expressions about beauty. The fondness of the concrete, visibility, the realistic world and giving justice to these parts in the poetry and art hadto lead to rejection of the poetry of a pure form and abstraction. Milosz – as a hunter grasping the reality – protects the word which is connected with reality. He put the existence in the centre of his poetical world. The realistic and objective existence was a basic experience for him. This experience was noted down in his work. Thus, the inspiration by saint Thomas Aquinas affected his artistic choices. In the work of the poet, it is visible that the texts of Aquinas had been his set books for many years. This tasting of the philosopher’s work can be best seen in the comparison of the writing practice of Miłosz with the particular matters coming from Summa Theologiaeor Art and Wisdom of Maritain (the contemporary Thomist read by Miłosz).
PL
Recenzja książki: Elżbieta Nowicka. Zapisane w operze. Studia z historii i estetyki opery. Poznań 2012.
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Celem artykułu jest analiza podobieństw, które zachodzą pomiędzy dwoma polami produkcji kulturalnej: produkcją komercyjną (przemysły kreatywne) i światem sztuki. Artykuł wskazuje możliwe podejścia teoretyczne do tego zagadnienia, koncentrując się na ujęciu sztuki jako doświadczenia (art as experience) znanego z prac Johna Deweya. Omówiono tu powinowactwa, takie jak proces kodowania i dekodowania, wartości estetyczne i ideologie zawarte w dziele, wartość dla kolekcjonerów, nawiązania intertekstualne, konwencje, profesjonalna krytyka, a także rola twórców. W ponowoczesności, gdzie obserwujemy estetyzację życia codziennego, istnieją więc istotne powody, aby uznać reklamę za popularną formę sztuki. Reklama pozwala bowiem konsumować symbole szerokim rzeszom odbiorców.
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Przekład

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PL
brak
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The study Masochisms. Mythologizing as an Aesthetics of Crisis in the Work of Bruno Schulz, parts of which have been translated below, presents the thesis that in the work of B. Schulz the phenomenon of mythologizing is connected with masochism – a concept conceived of as a historical, cultural and aesthetic interpretative category. The combination of the two phenomena makes it possible to notice some relationships between Schulz’s literary and graphic works which have not been recognized yet. The author discusses some psychoanalytical, sociological, historical and philosophical notions of masochism applicable to a literary text. She tries to describe the “masochistic aesthetics” appearing in Schulz’s short stories (on the narrative level: lack of motion, suspense, tension) and in his graphics (theatricalization, lack of eye contact between the figures) and shows how this aesthetics integrates the prose of Schulz, his Idolatrous Book and his illustrations for the short story The Book.
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Recenzja książki - Janis Augsburger, Masochismen. Mythologisierung als Krisen-Ästhetik bei Bruno Schulz, Wehrhahn Verlag, Hannover 2008, ss. 344.
EN
The aim of this article is to present Różewicz’s way of thinking about the concept of aisthesis based on his short story Śmierć w starych dekoracjach [Death in the Old Decorations]. Różewicz, who follows current trends in aesthetics which appreciate the role that the body and all of the senses play in an aesthetic experience, ennobles the very body that remains a center of sensory and aesthetic perception, in accordance with Richard Shusterman’s somatic philosophy. However, Różewicz’s character, who starts with simple sensory impressions, constantly goes beyond the senses and provides a commentary on each new ordinary, everyday experience as well as an experience of art. These commentaries are constructed from memories, images, reflections or free digressions which are often very remote from what they were triggered by. Różewicz emphasizes both the importance of what is rational and what is sensory for an aesthetic experience, thus overcoming a belief which was promoted by traditional aesthetics, i.e. about the exceptionality of psychological attitudes to aesthetic experiences. He extends aestheticism to include areas that are traditionally considered to be unaesthetic in order to capture the full essence of aisthesis. Therefore, he does not differentiate between the experience of art and ordinary, everyday experiences. This is because aisthesis in Śmierć w starych dekoracjach is a force that merges all these experiences into one whole, thus turning an experience of art into an experience of existence.
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The long history of the “Marlboro Country” and “Marlboro Man” advertising campaigns (1954- 1989) represents the renewability of a certain image which was perfectly designed and meticulously thought out. This history constitutes a well-developed “syntagma” which consists of not one but many different, individual versions of a message. What is important is that the administrators and creators of these advertisements succeeded in keeping a semiotic balance between the personal characteristics of a particular model and the image schema which this model was to maintain. Each of these versions sustained the image that had once been created (stability of a cliché) and at the same time featured different representatives of this image and presented them in ever new ways that refreshed the previously achieved expression (dynamics of innovation). This was a multi-stage project which had been planned to “last long”. The “shape” of the Marlboro Man’s model face is a kind of personal testimony to the excellence of the product offered. The representatives of this image kept changing, but its matrix, which made these representatives similar to one another and instantly recognizable as part of a well-known stereotype, turned out to be surprisingly stable and unchanging over several decades.
EN
There is no literature (e.g. a novel, feature film) without a medium (e.g. a book, film), but one should be clearly differentiated from the other. Particular works can only be compared based on a comparison made between particular means of expression, i.e. media. A production-related and aesthetic approach, which has been regarded as unscientific for a long time, should be replaced by the much more appropriate media-related and aesthetic approach. Werner Faulstich and Ricarda Strobel’s reflections on the novelization of film refer to Ridley Scott’s picture titled Alien (1979), Richard J. Anobile’s movie novel (photonovel) which is based on Archie Goodwin and Walter Simonson’s comics as well as to Alan Dean Foster’s novelized screenplays. Moreover, references are also made to two popular-science books: Paul Scanlon and Michael Gross’s The Book of Alien (New York 1979) and H.R. Giger’s Giger’s Alien (Basel 1979), which are treated as “books written on the basis of a film”. The film Alien deals, in a disguised form, with the topic of a man’s fear of a woman as the one who gives birth. It describes the sequence of processes that occur in a woman’s body, from conception and pregnancy to birth, as seen by a man who is “on the outside”. A man perceives a woman’s reproductive capacity, which is unattainable to him, as something alien and disturbing.
PL
W powszechnymprzekonaniu walory estetyczne gry wideo są kluczowe dla jej komercyjnego sukcesu. Istnieje jednak niewiele dowodów na słuszność tego założenia. W badaniach nad interakcją człowiek –maszyna znane jest rozróżnienie na aspekt klasyczny i ekspresyjny estetyki. W przeprowadzonym badaniu (N =59) potwierdzono przewidywania dotyczące istotnej roli ekspresyjnego aspektu estetyki dla powstawania zaangażowania i doświadczenia immersji w kontakcie z grami wideo. Nieodnotowano analogicznej zależności w przypadku aspektu klasycznego estetyki. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na bardziej szczegółowe określenie roli estetyki dla odbioru gier wideo.
EN
In the common perception aesthetic qualities of video games are the key to their commercial success. However, there is little evidence supporting this hypothesis. Studies of human- computer interactions have established a distinction between classical and expressive aesthetics. The survey (N =59) verified predictions concerning the essential role of expressive aesthetics in the formation of engagement and the experience of immersion in video games. There was no analogous dependence in the case of classical aesthetics. The obtained results allow a more detailed role of aesthetics in the reception of video games to be determined.
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In the article I shake a common conviction that the quasi-female mannequins fascinate us because they remind beautiful, real women in their unliving materiality they represent human bodies. Basing on psychoanalytical theories, I am proposing a thesis that in this fascination the representation of those alive (empirical) bodies is not meant, but a presentation of the aesthetic and especially erotic fantasies. The point of reference of this fascination is not a body of blood and bones, often imperfect, handicapped and ageing, but fantasies about the creation, embodiment, enlivening of the ideal woman whose symbol is the mythical Galatea sculpted by Pygmalion. The aesthetic-erotic fascination with mannequins is seen in many artworks and literary works. In this article I discover this phenomenon by analysing a fantastic story by Eugéne Melchior de Vogüé. However, the choice of this work does not mean that the fascination with the quasifeminine mannequins is exclusively a motif of fantastic prose. Just the opposite, for instance, it can be found in realistic novels like Emil Zola’s Ladies' Paradise, in which descriptions of mannequins in shop windows are saturated with erotic admiration connected with the category of luxury. However, due to the fact that fantastic literature is a particular field of play for fantasy and unconsciousness, this psychic energy being the consequence of the dramatised hallucination of displacing, my choice was Le manteau de Joseph Oléonine. Analysis of this work becomes a contribution to wider interpretations of the phenomenon of quasi-feminine mannequins in the West European culture of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
PL
n the article I shake a common conviction that the quasi-female mannequins fascinate us because they remind beautiful, real women in their unliving materiality they represent human bodies. Basing on psychoanalytical theories, I am proposing a thesis that in this fascination the representation of those alive (empirical) bodies is not meant, but a presentation of the aesthetic and especially erotic fantasies. The point of reference of this fascination is not a body of blood and bones, often imperfect, handicapped and ageing, but fantasies about the creation, embodiment, enlivening of the ideal woman whose symbol is the mythical Galatea sculpted by Pygmalion. The aesthetic-erotic fascination with mannequins is seen in many artworks and literary works. In this article I discover this phenomenon by analysing a fantastic story by Eugéne Melchior de Vogüé. However, the choice of this work does not mean that the fascination with the quasifeminine mannequins is exclusively a motif of fantastic prose. Just the opposite, for instance, it can be found in realistic novels like Emil Zola’s Ladies' Paradise, in which descriptions of mannequins in shop windows are saturated with erotic admiration connected with the category of luxury. However, due to the fact that fantastic literature is a particular field of play for fantasy and unconsciousness, this psychic energy being the consequence of the dramatised hallucination of displacing, my choice was Le manteau de Joseph Oléonine. Analysis of this work becomes a contribution to wider interpretations of the phenomenon of quasi-feminine mannequins in the West European culture of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
EN
The basis of this deliberation is a critical discussion of common perspectives and research methodology concerning the notion of adaptation. The author searches for universal adaptation models, describes creating new techniques of translation and examines relations among arts. The aim of reminding and critical discussion of the state of research of adaptation is to find the threats referring to common acceptance of one research paradigm, i.e. the perspective of literary studies and semiotics. One of the effects of such a way of thinking may be ungrounded equating a book with a literary work as such, as well as perceiving a film as something second-rate, which often functions only in reference to a book. The author, who refers to Werner Faulstich’s concept of the media, sees the paradigm which is currently binding in the research of adaptation as incomplete and inconsistent. Thus, she is inclined to accept the point of view of media experts. According to that viewpoint, both the book and the film seem to be the media that process and transfer literature (a particular story, e.g. War of the Worlds) in accordance with the principles of its own aesthetics. The concept encourages to change the scientific paradigm and liberates the notion of adaptation from all kinds of the consequences assumed by literary studies. It also allows to concentrate on the aesthetics of a particular medium.
PL
Tekst ten jest recenzją książki Beaty Garlej Ingardenowskie jakości metafizyczne - między otwartością a ścisłością pojęcia. Autorka rekonstruuje koncepcję jakości metafizycznych Romana Ingardena w odniesieniu do teorii dzieła literackiego. Jest to jedna z nielicznych w polskim piśmiennictwie prób wykorzystania jakości metafizycznych do praktycznej analizy dzieł literackich. Autorka rozwija też koncepcję Ingardena w ten sposób, że omawiając poszczególne warstwy dzieła literackiego, dowodzi możliwości ujawnienia się określonej jakości metafizycznej we wszystkich czterech warstwach dzieła literackiego.
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