Based on a selection of de Courtenay’s letters, the paper presents those aspects of everyday life which characterize him as a teacher, publicist, and an active participant in social and political events. Only a fragment of de Courtenay’s vast correspondence has been used. His letters made it possible to focus on less known areas of his life, such as work in various scientific centres and contacts with other linguists, but also with social activists and publishers. They show de Courtenay’s attitude towards various events through which he lived: revolution, war, change of workplace. They also allow us a peek into some of his personality traits. Letters can be treated as a source of knowledge about the cultural and social reality.
This paper examines the strategies that enabled the nuns and their congregations to adapt to life and ministry under the Czechoslovak authoritarian regime, focusing on the less studied period of normalisation.
Everyone has the right to dignity, which is assigned by virtue of humanity. Although this right is guaranteed, it is sometimes in different situations violated. It does not always happen in a direct way, but through the actions, which do not take into account the specific needs of individuals due to their differences. The everyday life of such people differs from everyday life of other people. Disability constitutes one of the reasons of this situation. This article is an attempt to draw people’s attention to these aspects of the organization of social life, which not only make life more complicated for people with disabilities, but also contribute to the sense of humiliation that occurs in connection with emerging difficulties.
Young workers are the category of people who experience precarity and precariousness the most. This article explores the work experiences of the young precarious workers as an important component of constructing their social identity. It focuses on the problems with sense of professional identity, biographical sense of work experiences and the processes of transition to adulthood in the context of insecure earnings and permanent uncertainty. It also deals with the lack of control over time and future life plans and the alienation of work. As a consequence of precariousness, young people need to cope with traps of uncertainty, poverty and helplessness. The article is based on the analysis of biographical interviews with young people aged 18-30 years old in low-paid temporary jobs, low paid open-ended contracts, traineeships and the unemployed. The whole collection contains 70 interviews. The article focuses on ten cases which represent more general properties of work experiences. The analysis enables us to address emerging questions concerning the relationships between constructing biography and the experience of work and to formulate tentative conclusions from the ongoing research.
In Polish drama published after 1989, everyday life is often presented as the fundamental measure of the heroes’ existence. The authors present the changes in the everyday life order, they underline oppressive and overwhelming character of common experiences, they present difficult, aggressive interpersonal relations. For example, in many texts the unavoid-able elements of the everyday life of the heroes are negligence, harms and even crimes. This way of representing everyday life, usually based on traditional mimetic techniques, does not create an idyllic image of everyday life.
The length of the already completed period of military service played an unofficial but exceptionally important role in the everyday practice of a military service (MS) soldier conscripted into the army for two years (730 days). The period that was getting always shorter and that remained to their return to civilian life (the “number”) significantly or even fundamentally strengthened the real position of a MS soldier within military community in barracks premises, and especially in a partial segment thereof (at the level “platoon, company”), a part of which the MS soldier was. The number was important for creating his ongoing social statute, mainly it determined the classification of a soldier in a clearly defined category (rookie, senior on fatigue duty, old sweat, super old sweat etc.), on which his position within the community of MS soldiers was dependent. The number was a symbol of the above-mentioned variable process, and a lot of essential attributes, which left significant marks on the everyday life in barracks and outside them, related to it. The importance of this number was big enough to be called the “cult of number”.
A preserved register of items is an interesting and valuable source for research into everyday life of the 18th century nobility. The mentioned toys helped children to imitate everyday life activities as accurately as possible. Despite the fact that the items are a part of the magnate’s inventory, many of them showed signs of wear and tear while some were completely destroyed. The toys were often used but no particular attention was paid to regular repairs thereof. In the preserved source materials, we can easily find items for boys like military-related toys and play-horse heads on sticks. The typically girlish items included mostly dolls, dressed in costumes following the latest fashion. An interesting collection of toys consists of items that imitated various genre scenes, the nature of which may indicate the origin of the items. They created a miniature world, corresponding to the activities observed in everyday life. Unfortunately, the laconic nature of many entries in the register does not allow for more extended research based on the specific features of the items on the list. The problem of the representation of toys in the world of noble things requires an in-depth study of the preserved source materials, in order to recognize the specificity of this type of objects.
The article describes the experience of psychoparatextuality in contemporary everyday life. Using selected examples, the author shows how numerous individualized, often accidental supplements to works and texts that occur in copies become texts in themselves for someone else’s life world. This allows us to make the further claim that in the contemporary media context the paratextual has become an entire reality vis-a-vis texts that appear on laptop and smartphone screens.
PL
Artykuł opisuje doświadczenie psychoparatekstualności we współczesnym życiu codziennym. Na wybranych przykładach autor pokazał, w jaki sposób liczne zindywidualizowane, często przypadkowe dodatki do dzieł i tekstów występujące w używanych kopiach stają się tekstami właściwymi dla czyjegoś świata życia. Pozwala to na dalsze twierdzenie, iż we współczesnym środowisku medialnym paratekstualna stała się cała rzeczywistość wobec tekstów zjawiających się na ekranach laptopów i smartfonów.
The publication includes several so-far unknown letters sent by Władysław Tarnawski from prison to his family. It is valuable inasmuch as little has remained from the epistolary legacy of the Przemyśl-born Polish expert in Shakespeare. Due to censorship, Tarnawski describes mainly his living conditions, inquires about family matters and asks to be sent books and stationery. Despite health problems and bad working conditions, while in prison, he continued translating English literature into Polish and he wanted to have as intense contact with knowledge as possible through books.
From 17 September to 22 September 2012 in Supraśl took place the 26th meeting of Summer School of Young Pedagogues, titled The everyday life worlds of educational interactions' participants. Exploration, analysis, interpretation. The meeting was both a conference and a workshop in which, as every year, took part many eminent guests, social science authorities and disciples of science. The report briefly presents the meeting's program, significant events and speeches of the participant, both the Masters' and Young Reaserches'. The conclusions from the observations and discussions with Masters and Learners form the summary of the report.
The aim of this article is to analyse the concept of everyday life, which was used by Henri Lefebvre to build his theory of overcoming the alienation – both on the individual (as the theory of moments) and collective (in his concept of revolution as a popular festival) level. In the basic structures of everyday life Lefebvre saw the fundaments of spontaneity, human creative power that is capable of forcing its way through the alienating structures and that makes the total subjugation impossible. Moreover, placing the theory of revolution inside the concept of everyday life allows to draw particular attention to the importance of human consciousness in a revolutionary struggle. In the end, however, it seems that the categories introduced by Lefebvre, even though they create a good fundament for the discussion about the possibility of the human emancipation, cannot fully explain the phenomenon of the revolution.
The author of the article attempts to outline the status of hunting in Pomerania during the Second Polish Republic, when it was no longer reserved purely for the nobility, but yet still remained a pastime for owners of land. Undoubtedly, hunting was an important element of a landowner’s everyday life but was accessible to only minor burghers and was completely out of bounds to poorer inhabitants of towns and villages. The author describes hunting organizations, forms of hunting, issues connected with pedigree dog breeding, shooting and poaching. The most important issues raised by the author is the question posed in the title. Was hunting only an idle atavistic entertainment for landowners, or was it part of the rational management of a farm? The article presents various attitudes and opinions; the author demonstrates that for landowners, to a larger extent than for the representatives of city elites associated with hunting clubs, hunting was part of a rational economy. Hunting helped them to protect their crops; nevertheless, they managed to reconcile this need with the respect they felt for forest fauna, their passion and hunting ethics. Since hunting constituted an additional source of income, they made an eff ort to raise the quantity of game and looked aft er its physical well-being. To a great extent managing forest game resembled the breeding of farm animals, the only diff erence being that it took place in open spaces.
Czeladź, animals, Nazi occupation, memories, everyday lifeThe article describes everyday life in Czeladź, one of the towns of Zagłębie Dabrowskie, during the Second World War. The reconstruction of the role animals played in this town (both as farm and draft animals and as household pets) is primarily based on memories collected by the author during interviews with the oldest residents of the city.
Based on a collection of Władysław Tarnawski’s letters stored as part of Andrzej Gawroński’s legacy at the Adam Mickiewicz Museum of Literature in Warsaw, the author attempts to analyze a self-portrait left by that Lviv-Przemyśl Anglicist. The aim of the article is to show the significance of friendship between scholars – which is rare but can be strong, especially if based on a long-term acquaintance, shared interests and values. Such was the relationship between Władysław Tarnawski (1885-1951) and Andrzej Gawroński (1885-1927), a multilinguist, specialist in Oriental philology, connected with the Jagiellonian University and the Lviv University.The author also looks at the interests and passions which Tarnawski revealed in the letters to his friend, his everyday worries and his research, as well as the descriptions of the circles in which they both worked.Based on a collection of Władysław Tarnawski’s letters stored as part of Andrzej Gawroński’s legacy at the Adam Mickiewicz Museum of Literature in Warsaw, the author attempts to analyze a self-portrait left by that Lviv-Przemyśl Anglicist. The aim of the article is to show the significance of friendship between scholars – which is rare but can be strong, especially if based on a long-term acquaintance, shared interests and values. Such was the relationship between Władysław Tarnawski (1885-1951) and Andrzej Gawroński (1885-1927), a multilinguist, specialist in Oriental philology, connected with the Jagiellonian University and the Lviv University. The author also looks at the interests and passions which Tarnawski revealed in the letters to his friend, his everyday worries and his research, as well as the descriptions of the circles in which they both worked.
It is every Christian’s task to strengthen his/her relationship with God and other men, to obey the Gospel and to reconcile the teachings of the Church with the demands of the external world. These tasks require hard work, and they can be a mission in our daily social activities. This is the essence of the spiritual life of Christians living in the contemporary world. Human values and conscience are shaped by the family, and families that fully meet an individual’s demand for love and compassion saw the seeds of a civilization of love. Pope Francis calls for a global “ecological conversion” by acknowledging that ecological spirituality stems from our faith. The teachings of the Bible influence our thoughts, feelings and actions. Our efforts to protect the environment should be based on more than just formal doctrine. They require a certain degree of mysticism that motivates people to take individual action and participate in community work. “Ecological conversion” is the next step in our relationship with Christ that sheds a new light on the surrounding world.
The article discusses the subject of the identity of the inhabitants of Polish Upper Silesia from the perspective of micro-history and the history of everyday. By analysing selected court files concerning contempt of the state and Polish nation from the 1930s in the city of Katowice, I show how everyday life at the time was undergoing nationalisation and politicisation. In the face of the rivalry between Polish and German nationalism, family and neighbourly disputes may be interpreted in national categories, and the feeling of bitterness caused by living conditions may be treated as contempt of the state. The identity and political interpretation of seemingly unrelated cases becomes a tool in the hands of the Polish authorities, but the Upper Silesians themselves also use it for their own purposes.
The article discusses the use of the category of ‘everyday life’ in historical works by Maria Bogucka as well as her theoretical contributions on the subject. Her pioneering role in adapting the mode of popular writing advanced by the French cycle Histoire de la vie quotidienne to Polish historiography in the 1960s established a high-quality standard on Polish scholars by combining original research into economic and social history with references to the history of material culture and mentalities. A quarter of a century after the publication of her exemplary study entitled Życie codzienne w Gdańsku: wiek XVI–XVII [Everyday Life in Gdańsk: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, 1967], Bogucka involved herself in contemporary debates within the international community of historians over the German Alltagsgeschichte, perceiving it as a methodological framework for innovative research and an opportunity to expand the theoretical side of cultural history. Though she would not produce another ‘history of everyday life’ – in a refreshed perspective and with more robust theoretical foundations – her studies into old Polish customs betray an inspiration with the German research current of Alltagsgeschichte, which blossomed in the early 1990s.
This paper analyses the concept of everyday life as formulated in relational sociology. It shows that Pierpaolo Donati’s historical analysis of the dualist nature of everyday life is similar to that of Alvin Gouldner but that the two authors’ approaches differ in terms of the possibility of overcoming this dualism. From the perspective of relational sociology, sociological interpretations of everyday life can be traced to two paradigms. The first is the Marxist paradigm, in which everyday life is primarily characterized by forms of alienation. The second is the phenomenological paradigm, in which everyday life primarily consists of producing meaning. The first paradigm examines stories and cultures of subordinate social groups, and denounces domination and alienation in everyday life. The second paradigm examines the common-sense world, and how it is taken for granted, structured, and inter-subjective. Relational sociology seeks to overcome these two paradigms by highlighting their aporias, and considers alienation to be the outcome of a deep division between the ultimate meaning of life and the culture of everyday life. While in order to overcome this dualism, Gouldner offers an immanent reading of everyday life, relational sociology tries to show how in everyday life the relationship between social practices and culture may give rise to a new form of secularism that is accepting of non-fundamentalist aspects of religious belief.
The article presents selected aspects of everyday life in the Upper Silesian village of Malnia in the years 1918–1939. It attempts to show in what sphere of various symbols the inhabitants of the eponymous village lived, what cultural influences affected their everyday life and how they spent their time. Thus, the conditions under which their cultural identity was formed were depicted.
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