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Extrapolative Inference and Analogical Reasoning in the Empirical Sciences

100%
Jakubiec M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2014
|
vol. 13
EN
The primary purpose of this paper is to present the issue of extrapolation, which is interesting from the perspective of contemporary philosophy of science. For its proper explanation, it is crucial to distinguish it from terms of similar meaning, such as analogy, induction or statistical inference. The second goal is to indicate key differences that exist between extrapolative inference and analogical reasoning. Because of this the ascertaining of the identification of these concepts would be a mistake though, of course, there is no way not to notice certain similarities.
2
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O poetyce gatunku science fiction

99%
Suvin D., Maj K. M.
Creatio Fantastica
|
2018
|
issue 2(59)
9-24
EN
The first Polish translation of one of the best-known articles on the poetics of science fiction, considered nowadays a must-read reference in the field. In this classical piece, Darko Suvin famously argues in favour of introducing the concept of cognitive estrangement modelled after Viktor Shklovsky’s ostranenie (often questionably rendered as defamiliarisation) as well as Bertolt Brecht’s Verfremdungseffekt (as defined in his Kleines Organon für das Theater). Arguing, in due course, for acknowledging the cognitive and epistemological potential of thus defined estrangement, Suvin proceeds to introduce and analyse two distinct models for studying science fiction from both historical and formalist perspective—the extrapolative model and analogic model—which altogether help at outlining features of the most prototypal science fiction. This translation is also supplemented with an addendum from 2014 wherein the author revisits his thoughts from Marxist perspective and ponders on their relevance in reference to a more politically inclined debate in science fiction studies.
3

ЕКСТРАПОЛЯЦІЯ ІДЕЇ СУБ’ЄКТНОСТІ НА ОСОБИСТІСТЬ ШКОЛЯРА

71%
Галян О.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2016
|
issue 4(58)
97-104
EN
The article shows historical and pedagogical vectors in the search and algorithm for planning theoretical research into extrapolation of the idea of agency on the personality of a pupil. On the basis of a chronological approach and by using scientific methods we have defined the context of perception of a pupil in his/her agency dimension in the Ukrainian pedagogical discourse of the twentieth century. The attention is focused on the need for scientific analysis of the concept «idea development» and modelling the process of the development of the idea of pupils’ agency regarding the ideological, educational technological and scientific advances in the Ukrainian school during the twentieth century. The article ascertains the determinants of generating the idea about the agent nature of the personality in views of progressive educators, public figures of the last century and especially its extrapolation on the personality of a pupil. In this regard, firstly, it is possible to identify personality-related and social reasons, socio-historical background and cultural conditions for extrapolation of the idea of agency on the personality of the Ukrainian pupil in the twentieth century. Secondly, the idea of pupils’ agency is manifested in the philosophical, educational political and educational technological dimensions, that directs research to the creation of personality-related, social and educational, theoretical pedagogical and technological pedagogical, as well as pupils’ role profiles of agency in order to study their historical dynamics. Thirdly, the study of cognitive and psychological stages of generating, testing and transformation of the idea of agency will direct scientific research to outlining ways of the formation of the idea under research and generalization of forms, methods and means of education, upbringing and agency development in the personality of a pupil. The presented algorithm for generalizations determines the tactics to study specific features of extrapolation of the idea of agency on the personality of a pupil in three vectors: determination of the idea, profiling agency, educational modelling of agency development.
4
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Футурология как предмет социальной философии

57%
Terepiszczy S.
Studia Warmińskie
|
2015
|
issue 52
63-74
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony możliwościom przewidywania przyszłości na polu filozofii społecznej. Refleksja futurologiczna chociaż jest stosunkowo nowym elementem nowoczesnej nauki, to jednak zyskała ostatnio znaczną popularność wśród badaczy. Autor najpierw opisuje naturę i specyfikę badań futurologicznych. Następnie ukazuje ich ważność w kontekście dalszego rozwoju ludzkości. I wreszcie rozważa możliwość odkrycia obiektywnych praw, którym podlega historia.
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of general futurology in terms of social philosophy. Futures theories are relatively young formations in modern science, and have managed to gain significant popularity among scholars and readers worldwide. This is no accident. First, the essence of the phenomenon of futurology is described by its functions and methods. Then, after a theoretical concept review, it carries out the sampling of the futures popular models, which gives an idea of the diversity and finally formation of the science. In addition, the author demonstrates its potential practical and theoretical contributions to the task of human development. Futurology as a young, promising science, or, at least, kind of theoretical work only begins its formation. Therefore, it provides useful implications and discovers the objective laws, probably waiting for us in the future, as does the elusive subject of this theory.
DE
Der Artikel ist der Analyse der allgemeinen Zukunftsforschung in Bezug auf die Sozialphilosophie gewidmet. Die Zukunftstheorien sind ein relativ junger Teil der modernen Wissenschaft, aber sie gewannen erhebliche Popularität unter Gelehrten und Lesern. Im folgenden Artikel beschreibt der Autor erstens das Wesen des Phänomens der Zukunftsforschung, ihre Funktionen und Methoden, dann, nach einem theoretischen Konzept, die bekannten Modelle, und schließlich die Hinweise zur Bildung der Wissenschaft. Darüber hinaus zeigt der Autor ihre möglichen praktischen und theoretischen Beiträge zur menschlichen Entwicklung. Die Zukunftsforschung als junge, vielversprechende Wissenschaft, oder zumindest als Art der theoretischen Arbeit beginnt sich erst auszubilden. Daher ist es sinnvoll ihre Auswirkungen zu zeigen und die objektiven Gesetze zu entdecken.
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