Search results - CEJSH

1

The Image of Femininity and Masculinity as a Result of the Socialization Process in Contemporary World

100%

Ławiak A.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2018

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issue 50

425-440

PL

The main purpose of this paper are gender stereotypes, which determine an image of femininity and masculinity in contemporary culture. The paper considers the consequences of compartmentalization. The author presents her own research about the stereotypes which create an image of femininity and masculinity in contemporary culture. The text concerns the problem of specific developmental limitations, which are hidden behind the aforementioned compartmentalization. The author based her research and theoretical inspiration on social psychology and social pedagogy (interconnected via socialization).

2

Symbolic Annihilation or Alternative Femininity? The (Linguistic) Portrayal of Women in Selected Polish Advertisements

93%

Pawelczyk J.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2008

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vol. 4

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issue 2

311-332

EN

The year 1989 marks the beginning of sweeping political, economic and social changes in Poland. Since that time an expansion of women into top professional positions can be observed. Data from the last national census (2002) clearly indicate that women in Poland are better educated than their male counterparts, increasingly careeroriented as well as aggressively pursuing managerial occupations. A modern woman is, by popular belief, no longer obliged to conform to the so-called dominant (Coates 1997) or emphasized (Connell 1987) [i.e. hegemonic] form of femininity. There appears to be greater social latitude for her professional development. The paper explores whether print advertisements (playing a crucial role in the construction of social identities) of certain products incorporate new powerful discourse of femininity. The three advertised products and services (cars, telephones, and banking) selected for the analysis have been commonly associated in Poland with the dominant form of masculinity. Consequently, it is interesting to examine whether women function there, and if so, how. The analyzed advertisements have been collected over the period of one year from three magazines addressed to the emerging Polish middle class. Drawing on Goffman's concepts of function ranking and ritualization of subordination as well as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), I will attempt to determine whether the selected print advertisements reflect the new femininity in Poland.

3

Representations of Femininity in Seventeenth Century Conduct Manuals for Gentlemen

93%

Biscetti S.

Gender Studies

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2012

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vol. 11

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issue 1

160-171

EN

This paper investigates conceptual representations of women in 17th century conduct manuals for gentlemen published in England before and after the Civil War. The aim is to see whether the socio-cultural transformations produced by the Revolution are reflected in the metaphorical expressions referring to the female sex in a highly conservative textual genre

4

FEMINIDAD INSTITUCIONAL Y FEMINISMO ¿UN BINOMIO IMPOSIBLE?

93%

ESQUIROL SALOM M.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2013

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vol. 5

7-21

5

SOCIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS: Women are controlled – Women’s weight and social disciplining

93%

Okrój A.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

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vol. 17(4)

107-119

EN

This article discusses the common belief that men create the standards for female physicalattractiveness. I argue that whilst women’s bodies have certainly been controlled for a longtime, disciplining for deviation from the defined standard has not only been exercised bymen but also by other women. I show that this kind of control in particular is frequent andintense and attacks women by different communication channels.

6

SOCJOLOGIA EMOCJI: Kobiety kontrolowane – dyscyplinowanie kobiet z niedowagą niespowodowaną zaburzeniami odżywiania

93%

Okrój A.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

|

vol. 17(4)

107-119

PL

Artykuł ten stara się polemizować z powszechnie obowiązującym przekonaniem, że tomężczyzna kreuje wzory atrakcyjnego kobiecego ciała. Tekst pokazuje, że kobiece ciałojest kontrolowane od bardzo dawna, jednak obecnie nie tylko przez mężczyzn, alerównież przez kobiety. Ta kontrola jest na bardzo wysokim poziomie i dociera różnymikanałami komunikacji.

7

“Much, I am Sure, Depends on You”: James Fordyce’s Lessons on Female Happiness and Perfection

93%

Bronk K.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

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2013

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vol. 48

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issue 4

49-62

EN

Conduct literature written for women has had a long tradition in British culture. According to scholars, such as Ingrid H. Tague (2002), it circulated most widely during the eighteenth century because new ideals of proper feminine behaviour and conduct developed. The Scottish Presbyterian minister and poet, James Fordyce (1720-1796), very observant of the transformations in his society as well as advocating the need to reform moral manners, likewise created a set of sermons dedicated to young women of the second half of the eighteenth century. He is worthy of close study not only because his Sermons to Young Women constitute an important yet understudied contribution to the tradition of conduct writing, but also because he records and disseminates opinions on female perfection both as a man of the church as well as the representative of his sex, thus presenting a broad scope of the official gender ideology of the eighteenth century. The proposed article engages in a close reading of Fordyce's rules and regulations pertaining to proper femininity, pointing also to the tone of his published sermon-manual and the socio-techniques used for the sake of perpetuating his ideological precepts for women. As such, the article is to prove that this popular eighteenth-century preacher, whose work was even mentioned on the pages of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, not only offers a significant contribution to ongoing research on conduct manual tradition as well as on feminist re-readings of women’s history, but also adds more evidence to feminist claims of a purposeful campaign aimed at creating a selfaware and self-vigilant woman who almost consciously strives to become the object of masculine desire, and allegedly all for her own good.

8

Parnicki’s women The review of Joanna Szewczyk’s Historiografia i mitologia kobiecości. Powieściopisarstwo Teodora Parnickiego [Historiography and mythology of femininity in the novels of Teodor Parnicki]

93%

Markiewka T.

Świat i Słowo

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2020

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vol. 34(1)

397-410

EN

The article is a critical analysis of a monograph by Joanna Szewczyk on the problem of femininity in Teodor Parnicki’s historical novels. The author suggests that Joanna Szewczyk precisely and multilaterally analysed the problem of feminine historiography and mythology in five novels. Using analytical tools created by feminist criticism the author combines the problem-focused approach with a very precise close reading of selected novels. As the author suggests such an approach is adequate and allows Szewczyk to present a convincing analysis of the problem of femininity in Parnicki’s prose.

9

Emotions of Women and Men – Similarities – Differences – Development

93%

Mandal E.

The New Educational Review

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2007

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vol. 12

169-183

EN

The article presents a survey of empirical studies and meta-analyses on the similarities and differences in the emotionality of women and men. Women’s and men’s emotions are analyzed in terms of their experiencing and expression. Special attention is paid to emotions connected with caring and aggression. Differences and similarities are presented in different age groups.

10

Reclaiming Adolescent Sexuality: Images of Girlhood in Petra Collins’s Babe

93%

Kamińska A.

Adeptus

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2017

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issue 9

EN

Reclaiming Adolescent Sexuality: Images of Girlhood in Petra Collins’s BabeThis paper examines photographs, drawings, collages and other art forms collected in the book Babe, edited by photographer Petra Collins and published by Prestel in 2015. I read the collected artwork as an attempt to present the image of the girl (including her sexuality) from a young woman’s perspective. Babe, which includes works such as photographs of teenagers with visible period blood on the underwear or a to-do list with the goal of never faking another orgasm, asks who a contemporary girl is and how young artists can challenge traditional images of femininity. In my analysis I focus on the excessive use of the color pink in Babe, characterizing the way artists blend innocence with eroticism. I argue that by playing with artifacts of “girlishness,” artists can both expose the absurdity of the image of the girl in popular culture and reclaim symbols of girlhood. I suggest that Collins – despite her ambitions to create an inclusive platform for female artists – does not present a diverse image of girls, who in Babe is still predominantly white and able-bodied. I introduce the potential reading of Babe as a feminist visual manifesto, in reference to the Riot Grrrl movement and the cultural phenomenon of “girl power.” I suggest that the book offers a possibility of exploring the figure of the girl from the perspective of young female artists. Odzyskując młodzieńczą seksualność: wizerunki dziewczyńskości w „Babe” Petry CollinsArtykuł jest analizą fotografii, rysunków, kolaży i innych prac zebranych przez fotografkę Petrę Collins w albumie „Babe", wydanym w 2015 roku przez Prestel. W artykule odczytuję zebrane prace jako szansę zaprezentowania wizerunku dziewczyny (w tym jej seksualności) z perspektywy młodej kobiety. Babe – w której znajdują się zarówno fotografie nastolatek z widoczną krwią menstruacyjną na bieliźnie, jak i zdjęcie listy zadań, na której artystka umieszcza postanowienie, by nigdy więcej nie udawać orgazmu – zadaje pytanie kim dzisiaj jest dziewczyna i w jaki sposób młode artystki mogą kwestionować utarte obrazy kobiecości. Podczas analizy skupiam się na przewadze różu w warstwie wizualnej albumu, ukazując sposób, w jaki artystki łączą pozorną niewinność z erotyzmem. Twierdzę, że poprzez grę z konwencjami „dziewczyńskości” autorki prac mogą zarówno eksponować sztuczność wizerunku młodej kobiety w kulturze popularnej, jak i odzyskiwać symbole dziewczęcości. Sugeruję, że Collins – mimo próby stworzenia inkluzywnej platformy dla artystek – nie oferuje zróżnicowanego obrazu dziewczyny, która w Babe wciąż jest przeważnie biała i pełnosprawna. W odczytaniu Babe jako feministycznego wizualnego manifestu odwołuję się do ruchu Riot Grrrl i fenomenu kulturowego reprezentowanego przez hasło „girl power”. Sugeruję, że album oferuje zgłębienie postaci dziewczyny z punktu widzenia młodych artystek.

11

Wokół problematyki wystawy: Być kobietą...Portrety kobiet ziemi bocheńskiej w wirze życia i dziejów

81%

Krzywda P.

Rocznik Przemyski

|

2013

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vol. 49

|

issue 3: Historia

97-124

EN

The author, one of the major originators and creators of the title exhibition, deals with the problem of development of women’s self-reflection in the context of constructing their own identity and awareness necessary to determine what is hidden under the notion of femininity. The evolution of the position of a woman from Bochnia (i.e. a small-town woman) basically changes her from an object to a subject; passivity is replaced by activity. Using a neologism, “post-emancipation femininity” is what distinguishes a small-town woman, aware of her right to personal happiness (according to her own criteria), individual development, freedom of experience etc. The woman who regains her humanity has a right of choice (individualization and self-realization). Empathy, religiousness, a bond with her background (acceptance of its norms as her own, response to social expectations), apparent weakness and in fact remaining of invaluable assistance to her husband, father and sons influence, however, her sense of duty towards local community.

12

Reflections on appearance and attractiveness in the opinions of elderly women and men

81%

Czernecka J., Kramkowska E.

Władza sądzenia

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2019

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issue 17

103-124

EN

An observable feature of post-modernity is the social pressure that forces women and men, regardless of age, to accept the criteria for classifying and valuing the body in the context of a strongly rooted cult of attractiveness, with a youthful appearance at its center, and which is promoted by the mass media. While it is more realistic for younger people to meet these expectations, there can be many difficulties for those who experience progressive body aging. This article presents an analysis of statements made by elderly women and men, in which they share their definitions of attractiveness in general, as well as their opinions on the attractiveness of their appearance and how they evaluate it. The point of reference for these reflections is Catherine Hakim’s concept of erotic capital, in which the attractiveness of an individual is understood in a multidimensional way – including physical appearance, biogenic features, personality traits, and the demographic and social conditions of someone’s image. We are also based on the gendered age approach, i.e. femininity and masculinity are analyzed in the context of the desired appearance in relation to age (here, an old woman and an old man). The collected material leads to the conclusion that, to some extent, seniors have internalized social expectations concerning the appearance of the body of contemporary man, including the appearance of their aging bodies. However, the age of the respondents makes them pay attention to many more elements of human attractiveness than just physicality. Their gender also differentiated their views.

13

J.R.R. Tolkien’s Portrayal of Femininity and Its Transformations in Subsequent Adaptations

81%

Łaszkiewicz W.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

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2015

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vol. 11

EN

The aim of the following paper is to examine the portrayal of female characters and femininity in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Since Tolkien’s heroines have been both praised and severely criticized, this paper will, first of all, investigate and recapitulate the arguments in favor and against Tolkien’s depiction of women. Secondly, it will be argued that the ambiguity surrounding these fictional characters stems from the writer’s private relationship with women. Finally, the paper will analyze how Tolkien’s ambiguous female characters have fared in various adaptations of his works, particularly in the cinematic versions produced by Peter Jackson and in fan-made art.

14

Seksmisja — mitologizacja ról płciowych w reklamach perfum. Analiza komparatystyczna

81%

Waraksa K., Ziętek D.

Dziennikarstwo i Media

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2018

|

vol. 10

75-91

EN

The authors of perfume adverts put lot of emphasis on creating a consistent image of their addressees so that the addressees can identify with or aspire to them. The article is a presentation of the myth of femininity and masculinity extracted from 545 print adverts of fragrances offered by the online stores of the two biggest perfume retailers in Poland — Sephora and Douglas. The starting point of the analysis is a definition, proposed by Roland Barthes, of a new myth-like form — everyday mythology deriving from popular culture and influencing everyday choices and decisions. On this basis, drawing on a content analysis combined with a semiotic analysis, the author distinguishes patterns in the perception and creation of femininity and masculinity. The present study is an attempt to answer the question about the link between the mythologies in question as well as the questions of whether a woman can exist without a man in the reconstructed discursive space and whether she is essential to his existence.

15

Women “beyond control”? – androcentric discourses in Victorian painting (towards reconstructing meanings)

81%

Gromkowska-Melosik A.

Journal of Gender and Power

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 1

89-101

EN

From the perspective of feminist analysis, the painting is considered to be androcentric. It is believed that artworks were created by men, for men and from their point of view. One can even say that, men spoker through the bodies and identities of heroine images in the painting. From this point of view, painting has been accused not only of the lack of women as authors of works of art, but also of the lack of representations of the female experience. Logically, from this perspective, images of women on the canvas are often not simple reflection of reality, but they crystallize dreams, anxieties and feelings of their male artists. There is no doubt that theye are also imbued with ideologies concerning gender. Three images that will be examined in this paper were created in the Victorian era (the dates of their creation are: 1887, 1890, 1896). They all reflect anxieties about womanhood in the late nineteenth century, primarily manifested in the creation of a new image of a woman - the femme fatale. On the other hand the women as objects of the painting are treated as a sexual object for male creator and viewer. Every woman in the paintings could be described as "being out of control". There is a paradox here: the woman is simultanesly out of control and controlled by men. There is a worth to add that every painting has extremely sugestive impact on the viewer and amazing articstic value.

16

Męski głos niewieści. Z dzienniczka kobiety Wincentego Kosiakiewicza

81%

Sobczak I.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

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2018

|

issue 6

125-136

EN

The purpose of the article Feminine Voice of Men. Wincenty Kosiakiewicz’s “Z dzienniczkakobiety” [From the Diary of a Woman] is to examine how the male author imitates the woman’spersonal diary. The analysis and interpretation of Z dzienniczka kobiety illustrate the problemof creating female figures and imitating the femininity of their writing by the authors at the turnof the centuries. Gabriela Zapolska’s Z pamiętników młodej mężatki [From the Diaries of a YoungMarried Woman], used as a counterpoint, allows for gaining a broader, two-sex perspective on the issueof femininity of writing and for presenting the differences between the manners in which women’spersonal diaries are stylized by male and female authors. This paper seeks to answer the questionabout the reasons and consequences of adopting a female perspective in the text.

17

Detained change? Negative prescriptive stereotypes and cognitive gender schemas of Polish female students

81%

Paprzycka E., Mianowska E., Walentynowicz-Moryl K.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2022

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vol. 23

357-369

EN

This article addresses the topic of negative prescriptive stereotypes of femininity and masculinity, and cognitive gender schemas of young women. The aim of the research performed was to identify definitions of non-femininity and non-masculinity and to explore the gender iden¬tity of young female students. The study sought to answer the following questions: What are their individual gender identities, and how are these identities related to definitions of non-femininity and non-masculinity? The study surveyed a representative sample of 1152 randomly selected student women using the standardized ‘Inventory for the Assessment of Psychological Gender’, an instrument based on the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Analysis revealed that the most common individual gender identities identified were androgynous and definite schemas. These schemas diversify definitions of non-femininity and non-masculinity. When defining non-femininity, women using masculine and indefinite schemas were more likely than androgynous and feminine women to reject the distinction between feminine and masculine characteristics.

18

Cinderella’s Ashes - New Women, Old Fairytales

81%

Filimon E. C.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

|

2012

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vol. 9

|

issue 1

131-137

EN

This paper brings into focus the feminine qualities that heroines in Western fairy tales possess, as well as the roles they traditionally perform. The heroines are either rewarded or punished in accordance to how well they fit the feminine pattern, while the association of femininity with the female clearly indicates the social impact of gender ideology. Two variations on the Cinderella story will illustrate how feminist revisions of fairytales upset this rigid division.

19

Strażniczki patriarchalnej Arkadii. Uwagi o postaciach kobiecych w Listach z nieba Stanisława Vincenza

81%

Serafin E.

Prace Literackie

|

2018

|

vol. 58

273-286

XX

The purpose of the article is to analyze selected female characters in Stanisław Vincenz’s novel Letters from Heaven. The image of women is dominated by the masculine way of judging their appearance and traits and by a patriarchal moral code. Faithful and hard-working wives and mothers are idealized in the novel. This model of femininity is stabilized not only by men, but also by older women characters. The experiences of village women were comprised in two scenes, and were expressed by the dream and silence language. Maria, the wife of a Uniate priest, was presented in the context of her fragmented memories. The room of the birth of the child is the space of women. In the space of men (the main room, where the feast is taking place) Maria was the only woman who took part in discussions, but her voice was marginalized.

20

Ревизия классики украинской зарубежной лингвистики: гендерная проблематика в системе взглядов Юрия Шевелева (на материале статьи Über die Besonderheiten der Sprache der Frauen)

81%

Kosmeda T.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2022

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vol. 47

|

issue 2

165-179

EN

It is typical of the modern linguistic study to reconsider the classical heritage, which makes it possible to observe the dynamics of linguistic processes and the movement vector of scientific thought, as well as to track the problems that still need to be solved nowadays. Such problems include linguistic genderology issues, in particular the description of female speech. In this regard, the little-known German-language research of Yuri Sherekh (Shevelev) Über die Besonderheiten der Sprache der Frauen (1952), which outlines the specificity of female speech at almost all language levels, appears to be of great value. This piece of research remains relevant since it makes it possible to compare the female speech features from different historical periods as well as to rethink the data on the manifestation of conservatism, archaism, negative attitude towards assimilation processes, etc. in female speech, to see the dynamics of the female linguistic worldview and the development of femininity. It seems reasonable enough to state that Shevelev laid the foundation for: 1) a comparative study of gender issues based on the Slavic languages; 2) historical and dialectal gender linguistics of the Ukrainian language; 3) national Ukrainian linguistic genderology, manifested at the level of national linguistic consciousness; 4) the study of gender opposing linguistic worldviews; 5) considering the level manifestation of gender characteristics in linguistic systems.

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