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1

Exogenous and endogenous functions of mining towns of the Silesian voivodeship, Poland

100%
Heder A.
Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
|
2013
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vol. 1
|
issue 2
43-54
EN
Towns are of particular interest to geography which examines them in various objective and theoretical aspects. The concept of function is associated with the role which a particular town plays in the area, and this function is the entirety of socio-economic activity carried out in the town. The concept of the economic base of towns, which is used in this paper, distinguishes two groups of town inhabitants, namely such whose work directly contributes to the development of the town, the so-called primary builders (exogenous), and secondary builders (endogenous) who support the first group. This article presents the results of the study of changes in the function of 30 towns in the Silesian voivodeship in which coal mining is still carried out or has ended (18 mining towns and 12 post-mining towns). These towns have different sizes: small ones (up to 20,000 inhabitants; n=6), medium (20 to 100 thousand inhabitants; n=15), and large (with population of over 100,000 inhabitants; n=9). The study was conducted with the use of the indirect measurement of economic base method based on the location ratio, but in a modified form - i.e. the employee surplus rate. The analysis of functional changes in the mining towns of the Silesian voivodeship was performed in five aspects, in relation to: 1) the opening of the economy indicator, with the use of data concerning employment in the exogenous and endogenous group; 2) the employee surplus rate, determining the functional type of towns according to the dominant PKD [Polish Classification of Business Activities] section on the basis of the exogenous group; 3) the structure of exogenous functions of towns; 4) change of the exogenous function of towns; 5) the employee surplus rate, determining the share of section C (mining) in the exogenous function of towns. The analysis showed that in the period of 1996-2009 there has been a change in the functional type, from industrial to service type, in 8 towns; however, mining is still the primary branch of business activity in 11 towns studied, especially in small ones. Today, many service-based towns specialise in trade (n=7), and a small group of towns specialises in non-market services (n=4), which shows that the process of changes in this respect is still ongoing and the towns studied cannot be regarded as towns having a substantial share of higher-order services.
2
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Demographic and functional potential of the Novosibirsk urban region in Russian Federation. A case study of transformations using the directional profile method

100%
Tobiasz-Lis P., Wójcik M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2016
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vol. 2
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issue 320
EN
The research presented in this article focuses on the urban region of Novosibirsk, which is one of the most industrialized part of Siberia and the Asian part of Russian Federation. To show relationships between the city as the core of the region and its peripheral area a case study analysing territorial units within the southern settlement belt along the Novosibirsk–Cherepanovo regional railway line over a distance of approx. 100 km. This belt was chosen because of the continuity of the settlement and due to the presence of different functional types of edge towns. The adopted system, from the core to the area of weakening direct links to Novosibirsk, helped to define the directional profile of the urban region as relating to the demographic and economic characteristics. The research was based on two methods of determining the functions of cities in the national settlement system: a research programme concerning the genesis of functional development and a research programme of specialised functions, the purpose of which is to determine the economic base (exogenous functions) of territorial units. The presented results have shown general tendencies in the transformations of the Novosibirsk urban region’s spatial structure, both in long-term perspective (the generic view of function development) and under contemporary circumstances related to the economic transformation of Russia.
3
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The importance of the economic base theory in urban and regional research

75%
Miszczak K.
Biblioteka Regionalisty
|
2021
|
issue 21
92-110
PL
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja problemów rozwojowych społeczności miejskich i regionalnych oraz przedstawienie możliwych rozwiązań na gruncie teorii bazy ekonomicznej. Artykuł stanowi teoretyczny esej przeglądowy, spełniający funkcje idiograficzną i eksplanacyjną oraz ukazujący (często krytycznie) znaczenie teorii bazy ekonomicznej dla badań miejskich i regionalnych. Przeprowadzone badania własne miały dać odpowiedź, w jaki sposób teoria bazy ekonomicznej wyjaśnia funkcjonowanie gospodarki regionalnej (miejskiej). Przedstawiony został model bazy ekonomicznej oraz różne metody jej pomiaru, a następnie opisana struktura funkcjonalna miast i regionów. Wyniki badań potwierdziły, że teoria bazy ekonomicznej, chociaż jest uproszczoną abstrakcją rzeczywistości, może być użyteczną platformą dla zrozumienia specyfiki analiz rozwojowych i oceny konkurencyjnych strategii miejskich i regionalnych. Artykuł może stanowić asumpt do dalszych pogłębionych badań nad koncepcją bazy ekonomicznej.
EN
The article aims to identify the problems faced by urban and regional communities and to provide implementable approaches derived from the economic base theory (EBT). This review essay discusses (often critically) the relevance of EBT to urban and regional research. The article seeks to explore the theoretical implications of the limitations and challenges of basic and non-basic sectors development. The author explored how EBT can increase our understanding of economic processes. A presentation of EBT is followed by a description of the functional structures of cities and regions. The study focused on the evaluation and the application of EBT. The results confirm that EBT has longstanding importance in spatial planning. Although EBT is a simplified abstraction of reality, it can be a helpful platform for the effective implementation of regional (urban) strategies. The original contribution of this paper is to open up the perspective for further research on EBT.
4
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Turystyka w strukturze funkcjonalnej dużego miasta. Przykład Łodzi

63%
Matczak A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
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2017
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issue 27
127-139
EN
Data on the number of employees, business entities and added gross value is analyzed against basic economic sectors. The analysis confirms the dominating role of the service sector in the functional structure of Łódź (with the clear predominance of metropolitan services). Łódź has been described as a city with dominant service function, together with a contribution from industry. An attempt of the empirical determination of the place of tourism in the functional structure of Łódź has been made on the basis of the numbers of employees and business entities. This attempt indicates the marginal role of tourism in the economy of the city. The lack of an appropriate disaggregation of data concerning gross values prevented us from using such values in the assessment of the place of tourism in the functional structure of the city. The number and amount of tourists’ expenses indirectly point at a certain significance of tourists for entrepreneurs dealing with them, but simultaneously, the marginal role of tourists in the whole economy of the city is observed. The application of classical indicators of tourism function has not succeeded in case of Łódź. The calculated values of such indicators suggest that the tourism function of Łódź is at the initial stage of development. This is in agreement with the observation reported by Ashworth and Page (2011) that tourism evidently needs diverse, flexible and accessible tourism products that are provided by a big city. However, it is not obvious that big cities support or have to support themselves through tourism. Therefore, the view on the important influence of tourism on the economy of big cities still requires confirmation through empirical research.
PL
Na podstawie danych o liczbie pracujących, podmiotów gospodarczych i wartości dodanej brutto, Łódź na początku drugiej dekady XXI wieku określono jako miasto o dominującej funkcji usługowej z udziałem przemysłu. Podjęta próba empirycznego określenia miejsca turystyki w strukturze funkcjonalnej Łodzi na podstawie wyżej wymienionych danych, jak również w oparciu o tradycyjne wskaźniki funkcji turystycznej wskazuje na marginalną rolę turystyki w jej strukturze funkcjonalnej.
5

The price bubble morphology

63%
Tyc W.
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
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2014
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vol. 13
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issue 1
76-94
EN
The article presents a discourse on the mechanism by which price bubbles emerge and burst. For idealization purposes the author assumes that even though price bubbles emerge in various markets, their morphology differs from market to market, be it the hi-tech stock (or, more generally, the stock market), the real estate market (where land is of fixed supply) or the housing market. The sources of their diversification lie in the type and weight of the causes of their appearance, the differences between their causative and functional determinants and the market feedbacks. Any interpretation of the nomological diversification of price bubbles (in the sense of their categorisation) requires looking at the system pragmatics and the market in which they emerge. Thus the designations of economic systems and the specifics of markets constitute both the economic and the institutional environment of their origin. They also constitute the necessary context for their understanding and interpretation, as price bubbles rise and collapse within specific functional structures of an economic system.
6
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Rejestry podmiotów jako źródła danych w analizach lokalizacji działalności gospodarczej w mikroskali

51%
Celińska-Janowicz D.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2016
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issue 1
27-43
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza możliwości wykorzystania danych pochodzących z rejestrów REGON i EDG (Ewidencja Działalności Gospodarczej) w analizach lokalizacji działalności gospodarczej w mikroskali. Dane te posłużyły do zbadania przekształceń funkcjonalnych głównych ulic handlowych Warszawy w latach 1996—2010. W artykule omówiono ograniczenia związane z wykorzystywaniem tego rodzaju danych w analizach prowadzonych na niewielkich zbiorach, wskazując jednocześnie metody pozwalające na przezwyciężenie lub zniwelowanie tych ograniczeń. Wyniki badania wykazały, że dane rejestrowe stanowią wiarygodne źródło informacji o ogólnej strukturze branżowej podmiotów gospodarczych, przy czym ich wykorzystanie w badaniach ilościowych wymaga dokonania wielu korekt i uzupełnień, jak również powinno mieć miejsce jedynie w przypadku zbiorów o odpowiednio dużej liczebności.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the usability of data from the business registers (REGON and EDG) in the microscale location analysis. The data were used in the study of functional transformation of the main Warsaw shopping streets in years 1996—2010. The article discusses limitations of using such data in the analysis carried out on small sets, indicating methods to overcome or minimize these limitations. The results shows that business registers are relatively reliable source of information about general branch structure of business entities, but their use in quantitative analysis requires corrections, and it should only take place with sufficiently large sets.
RU
Целью статьи является анализ возможностей использования данных из регистров REGON и EDP (Регистр экономической деятельности) в обследовании расположения экономической деятельности в микромасштабе. Эти данные были использованы в обследовании функциональных преобразований главных торговых улиц Варшавы в 1996—2010 гг. Статья характеризует ограничения связанные с использованием такого вида данных в анализе небольших множеств, одновременно указывая на методы позволяющие преодолеть или компенсировать эти ограничения. Результаты обследования показали, что регистрационные данные составляют надежный источник информации по отраслевой структуре экономических единиц, где их использование в количественных обследованиях требует многих поправок и дополнений, а также должно осуществляться только в случае множеств с соответственно большой численностью.
7
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Architectural Development of Historic Health Care Institutions in Vilnius City

51%
Stauskis G.
Town Planning and Architecture
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2010
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vol. 34
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issue 1
54-63
EN
For centuries health institutions have been the most traditional community-oriented providers of public services. The paper focuses on the initial steps of urban development of health facilities in Vilnius city. Historic health institutions are analysed as a specific prototype of what is understood today as a "hospital". In the paper special attention is drawn to the process of emerging of "a hospital" as an independent public institution, its connections to other public buildings, its urban integrity with adjusting and surrounding development as well as its architectural importance for Vilnius city.Having emerged as a consistent part of religious and sacral complexes, health institutions (špitolės - in Lithuanian) occupied a part of space in traditional convents, located throughout Vilnius Old Town. In early years (around the 15th-16th c) health and treatment spaces were based in ordinary rooms of convents and monasteries. Later in the 17th-18th c they were transferred to specially designated blocks and houses within a convent territory and occupied a major part of spaces there. In the late 18th - 18th c health facilities gradually were disconnected from convents and churches to separate building complexes and finally became completely a new and independent type of public institutions.During the historical periods of development health complexes changed their functional layout and so their planning from initial missions of "separation" and "isolation" to "care" and developed finally to "healing" and "cure". Analysis of selected cases in Vilnius Old Town reveals that as long as changes in urban location of health complexes took place, it was followed by their functional evolution. Making an integral part in numerous sacral complexes, usually consisting of a church, convent, healing centre, garden and cemetery, health institutions were a part of important "architectural hills" that are clearly notable as vertical and spatial landmarks in the surrounding townscape of Vilnius city. Artistic spatial arrangement and architectural expression are the other specific traits that distinguish health complexes - hospitals - in the context of surrounding development.Health complexes have always played the most important public role in Vilnius city as centres of social aid, community life, religion, culture and health services for local neighbourhoods. Research on the development of health institutions in historical run is a strong foundation to build up the perspectives for architectural and municipal policies for the future of these complexes. The issue gains special importance in the recent situation of essential transformation of the public health care system in Lithuania and in Vilnius city.
LT
Straipsnyje pateikiama sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų - šiandienos ligoninių prototipo - urbanistinės raidos analizė istoriniu rakursu. Atskleidžiama pirmųjų sveikatos priežiūros objektų - gydyklų - raidos chronologija išryškina jų ryšius su kitais visuomeniniais kompleksais, jungtis su gretimu ir aplinkiniu miesto apstatymu, taip pat architektūrinę svarbą Vilniaus miestui.Atsiradę po Vilniaus senamiestį pasklidusiuose vienuolynų pastatuose nuo XV a., sveikatos priežiūros objektai pradžioje užėmė dalį jų gyvenamųjų patalpų. Vėliau XVI-XVII a. gydymo paslaugos buvo tolydžio perkeliamos į atskirus vienuolynų pastatus ar jų priskirtas dalis, kur užėmė didžiąją dalį patalpų. XVIII-XIX a. sveikatos priežiūros pastatai palaipsniui prarado glaudų ryšį su sakraliniais pastatais, atsiskyrė nuo jų ir tapo nauju viešųjų paslaugų pastato - ligoninės - tipu.Per raidos šimtmečius sveikatos priežiūros ir gydymo pastatai įgavo savo unikalią funkcinę ir erdvinę struktūrą pagal teikiamas paslaugas, kurias pradžioje sudarė atskyrimas, globa bei priežiūra, vėliau - gydymas ir sveikatos priežiūra. Atliktas tyrimas rodo, kad sveikatos priežiūros gydymo pastatams atsiskiriant nuo vienuolynų, keitėsi ir jų funkcinė struktūra. Būdami dalimi sakralinių kompleksų, kuriuos dažniausiai sudarė bažnyčia, vienuolynas, gydykla, sodas ar parkas bei kapinės, gydymui naudojami vienuolynų pastatai išsiskyrė Vilniaus siluetuose ir panoramose - jie buvo raiškių "architektūrinių kalvų" dalimi. Šių pastatų grupių išraišką lėmė jų ypatinga erdvinė kompozicija bei architektūrinė raiška.Sveikatos priežiūros ir gydymo pastatai per visus laikus išlaikė itin glaudžius ryšius su vietos bendruomenėmis, teikdami joms socialinę pagalbą ir sveikatos priežiūrą, būdami religijos ir kultūros centrai. Šių pastatų kompleksų istorinės raidos tyrimas yra tvirtas pagrindas, skirtas paremti šių kompleksų architektūrinės tvarkybos ir municipalinės politikos principams. Šis klausimas yra ypač aktualus šiandieną, kai pradedama radikaliai pertvarkyti sveikatos priežiūros sistemą Lietuvoje ir Vilniaus mieste.
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