The article presents different bank definitions, changing in time, considering the following aspects: legal, social, organizational and the one connected to its functions. Bank works as a company and is oriented on a profit maximalisation. It is also an institution of social trust. It has different roles on the financial market in micro- and macroscale. According to bancassurance it occurs as a channel of insurance products distribution. In this field its activity grows systematically.
The author of the paper draws attention to the information and entertainment function of television broadcasting, stressing that the media often forget about the ethical and moral aspects.
In the Polish literature of the last two decades of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL), science fiction, especially sociological science fiction, served as a substitute for political literature, which was impossible to publish under state censorship. The majority of this genre was anti-utopian or critical of the totalitarian reality. This attitude was hidden under fantastical make-up and was very strongly related to the here-and-now of the period in which the books originated. Janusz A. Zajdel is the most important representative of this genre, however, at the same time he manages to avoid limiting his work to the thinly veiled politics of the time. While the topics of his work very often repeated themselves the stories go beyond the drama of the individuals or groups confronted with the totalitarian regime and focus on certain repeatable mechanisms within the system itself. Due to the above characteristics, his literary work transcends from being just a criticism of the internal workings of PRL into the area of structural functionalism of a universal social system. Social structures that play a central role in Zajdel’s work, are always built from the same, very clearly outlined building blocks. It may seem that the characters and the plot of the novels are only an addition to the views on the structure and the shape of society expressed by the author. Common elements that build that world remain at the core of all the novels and the pretextual story lines of Zajdel make it easier to present those elements in the internal functioning of the sometimes very complicated social systems that Zajdel describes. Dysfunctional elements that prevent the exercise of totalitarian control inside the system, for Zajdel seem to be of far greater importance than his story lines. These relations, so characteristic of the late PRL, referred to in the literature as “dirty togetherness”, are phenomena of exercising control over specific measures and social resources available in the framework of the social system for the implementation of not the objectives, which were designated by those socio-political systems, but by social groups or entities that use them for their own purposes. The main theme of Zajdel’s novels are dysfunctions that occur as part of the totalitarian system, but his social systems never meet the defining criteria of totalitarianism in the classic sense. Totalitarianism is not the main intrest of the novels but is only used instrumentally as the make-up for the description of the mechanism of the internal workings of these dysfunctions. Zajdel sees dirty togetherness as a structural element of the system, without which the continuous functioning of the system would be impossible.
New technologies, scientific findings and new or refined kinds of sport as well as national and international contests determine the image of university sports. There is no doubt that university sports are a growing area and will play an important role in the future. Their significance will increase in particular with the increase of knowledge about the positive effects of sports.Looking at social development as a whole and in its parts makes it possible to identify university sports in their present state, their dynamics and development within a context. By way of example major trends and prospects of university sports in contemporary societies will be discussed. In addition some data from empirical studies will be presented in order to underline the argumentation.
The concept of ecosystems services has become an important model for linking the functions of ecosystems to human welfare. The aim of this paper is to identify ecosystem services generated by green areas within the urban area, classify and value them. "Ecosystem services" refers to components of nature, directly enjoyed, consumed, or used to yield human well-being (Boyd, Banzhaf 2007). This definition advances the ability to use ecosystem services as a practical measurement tool.
The paper presents the meaning, impact and functions of packaging logistics in aviation cargo transport. It also discusses the packaging system, considering the relationship between the two systems of packaging and logistics and aims to increase efficiency and effectiveness of whole system as also affecting the cost of each logistical activity.
The aim of this paper is to determine the functions of phrasemes and their modifications in press advertisements. To ensure solid foundations for the above mentioned intention, the functions have been divided into 1) the ones resulting from the function of advertisements, and 2) the ones resulting from phraseme functions. Phrasemes in their “nature” contribute to the fact that thanks to their known form, addressees memorise the advertising message more quickly, because phrasemes become more quickly acquired thanks to the fact that they are based on well-known and recorded in the memory patterns, or thanks to associating the new elements of the phraseme with the old ones. In this way the effort necessary for fixing the new information in the memory is reduced. Thanks to their commonly known and unique form, phrasemes increase the reliability of the phrase and evoke positive emotions among potential customers. Besides, phrasemes and their modifications often perform advertising functions. First, thanks to the use of a commonly known phrase or a skillfully transformed modification, they focus potential customers’ attention on themselves, inviting them in this way to get to know the advertising text in more detail. Second, they may become informed not only about the existence of a product, but also about product or service benefits. Third, they may provide potential customers with the arguments supporting the idea of the product purchase. Besides, in the epoch of information overload and advertisements, advertisement creators conveying their message need to provide enjoyable entertainment to customers. Phrasemes and their modifications in advertisements perform this function, too.
In modern conditions, the successful development of an educational institution as an organization, implementation and management of technological change in administrative activity of school leaders is impossible without taking into account the organizational culture as the leading factor of management activities. Purposeful formation of organizational culture of an educational institution, focused on innovation, integrating the interests of teachers and students, will allow it to operate successfully in a market economy and information society. The article focuses on revealing the contents of organizational culture of a vocational and technical educational institution of agricultural profile, the definition of its functions and features based on the analysis and synthesis of modern scientific sources specific to the system vocational and technical education in Ukraine.
The subject matter of the article is the analysis of suffixation of diminutives in the variety of Spanish spoken in Mexico City. The practical part is preceded by theoretical considerations. The aim of the study, based on an electronic corpus (Corpus Sociolingüístico de la Ciudad de México), is the identification of the functions of diminutives used in different situational contexts. The study focuses on statements made by Mexicans at the age of 20-34. Apart from linguistic factors, the sociolinguistic aspects such as sex and education level of the informants are analysed.
Research material collected for this paper consists of Russian national riddles about bees. The author describes key words in the examined riddles and provides historical comments concerning national culture. Riddles reflect the oldest period of beekeeping history in Russia, as well as national and folk knowledge of bees.
Beliefs and perceptions of word are based on existing mythological layer of culture that has specific mechanisms and functions. This mythological context of word determines its acceptance as a magical tool that has a certain force of impact. The power of speech is invisible, but exactly by the word, the individual and the community identify themselves and provide a link between past, present and future. One of the most significant events of word (or speech) is connected with its use in ritual. The reason of this is that the importance is attached to the ritual and to the consequences of its performing. Ritual word has an impact on society, and nature and the individual by verbal formulas that contribute to its realization. Depending on the ritual, word can both perform different functions and act as a specific magical tool.
The article uncovers the relevance of providing socio-pedagogical assistance and support of many-children families in the work of social pedagogue. It was found out that large families in today's unfavorable situation in Ukrainian society are in difficult life situations. There is an adverse psychological climate in the family, neglect of parental duties, negative relationships in the family and so on that prevents this family to perform their traditional functions. To activate the educational potential of large families and assistance in solving their problems is important that help and support have professional content. For this social pedagogue should be guided both by the basic principles (humanity, objectivity, consistency, tolerance, privacy, positive image of the family, equality, responsibility, human-centrism) and the specific (universality, protection of social rights, social response, preventive determination, self-reliance of the family, maximization of social resources) principles of work. For the optimization of life activity of a many-children family the social pedagogue should perform the following functions: diagnostic, security and protective, organizational and communicative, social, psychological, educational, predictive, coordination, warning and prevention, correction and rehabilitation, socio-therapeutic. These functions the social pedagogue realizes in such directions of social and educational work with large families: diagnostic, organizational, social, psychological, educational, consulting, security and protective. Based on the analysis, systematization and generalization of the research literature, social services experience, we define the content of work of the social pedagogue with large families as a system of knowledge, social skills and practical skills that allow him to effectively solve professional tasks. Its components are: knowledge of the principles of work of the social pedagogue with large families; knowledge of legal documents on social protection, social services, support and assistance to large families; knowledge of the nature, types, causes, the basic problems of large families; knowledge of technologies, forms and methods of working with large families. In this way, socio-pedagogical assistance and support of many-children families should be based on a thorough knowledge of the specifics these categories of families. Problems which characterize modern large family cause the need for its timely assistance from the state and society. Proceeding from the above, the social pedagogue who works with large families is a coordinator of the totality of social and educational support that should promote positive changes and establishing normal life of a large family by all possible means.
What it meant by European Integration? We mean the historical process whereby European nation-states have been willing to transfer, or more usually pool, their sovereign powers in a collective enterprise. The European Union, which today contains twenty-eight member states, which has a complex institutional structure that includes a supranational central administration (the European Commission), an elected Parliament, a Court of Justice and a Central Bank, is the outcome of this processes. Many American and European scientists of the European Union have chided “intergovemmentalist” accounts for emphasizing the duration of member state authority over the process of European integration. This article attempts to prove these criticisms in a “historical institutionalist” account that mentions the importance of research on European integration as a political process which spreads over time. Such an aspect distinguishes the limitations of member-state control over permanent institutional improvements, due to a fixation with short-term interests, the existence of unexpected consequences, and actions that “lock in” past decisions and make affirmation of member-state control difficult. Short exploration of the development of social policy in the EC advocates the limitations of conducting the EC as an international regime promoting collective activity among sovereign states. It is important to view integration as a “path-dependent” process that has composed a dispersed, but still obvious “multitiered” European polity.
The article presents considerations on the role and contemporary challenges of pedagogy in the aspect of functions performed by scientific research and dynamic changes taking place in social life. Deepened reflection on its current condition prompts us to ask the question of whether the pedagogy as a scientific discipline is able to face common expectations regarding the effectiveness and quality of educating young generations exposed to numerous new civilization threats.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano rozważania na temat roli i współczesnych wyzwań pedagogiki w aspekcie funkcji pełnionych przez badania naukowe oraz dynamicznych zmian zachodzących w życiu społecznych. Pogłębiona refleksja nad jej obecną kondycją skłania do postawienia istotnego dla teraźniejszości i przyszłości pytania o to, czy pedagogika jako dyscyplina naukowa jest w stanie zmierzyć się z powszechnymi oczekiwaniami dotyczącymi skuteczności i jakości wychowania młodych pokoleń narażonych na liczne, nowe zagrożenia cywilizacyjne.
The thesis of this paper applies to the mediatization of politics process during American presidential campaign of 2008. It is entrenched in the theory of political communication. Because of the primary assumptions in the analysis below, political communication is considered mainly from perspective of the models of relations between the mass media and politics, which are treated as systems. It is justified because those relations influence the abovementioned systems and play the biggest role in affecting mass society and culture. In this thesis, the public is considered as having less influence on entire process of political communication. In order to clarify the subject of the research, the division into structural and functional mediatization was created. Structural mediatization, which is the main subject of the analysis, occurs when structures of the media and political systems come into dependence and subordination relation. Parts of the media system dominate over the analogical elements in the political system, internalizing media logic. Individual elements of the political world comply to the media logic and the media orders. Subjects of the political system implement political marketing methods to use the dominant role of the media in the process. Functional mediatization can be defined as a transfer of systemic relations at the smallest possible level – specific case in micro scale,when the medium controls a political actor. Here, the mediatization takes its most radical form. The medium on every stage of constructing the political reality can manipulate and deform a media political reality
The article studies the evolution process of the primary functions and the position of the prosecution agencies of Podilia in the ‘20s - the beginning of the ‘30s of the XXth century in the government machinery at the stages of introducing the New Economic Policy (the NEP), its rolling back and holding a course for modernization of the industry. The author has carried out the retrospective analysis of the powers of the local prosecution agencies according to the statutory documents and acts approved by the party leadership, used substantive factual information on the activities of the Prosecutor’s Office of the UkrSSR and its regional division - the Prosecutor’s Office of Podilia.
The paper presents a comparative analysis of a separation of rural areas and subsequently basing on the definition of rural areas by TERYT the analysis of changes of infrastructure (mainly technical and social) in the country, urban areas and rural areas in the years 2003-2009 has been presented. As a result of external circumstances, including financial support of the European Union the pace of changes in rural areas accelerates, especially with regard to the level of infrastructure. Moreover, the present evolution of function of rural areas has been characterised in terms of Poland’s accession to the European Union.
The main aim of this paper is to discuss the notion of language viewed as a tool of communication of purchasers and vendors in a Polish bazaar. On the basis of scholarly literature and the material gathered in the conducted study the authors of this article emphasize an important role which language plays in the discourse of these two groups of people and identify a set of functions which language performs in exchanging information between them. It demonstrates how socio-economic reality is related to and reflected by means of language and how language as a tool helps members of the bazaar community (both sellers and buyers) to communicate messages and build relationships with each other. In order to exemplify how language is used in this particular social context, they provide evidence in the form of citations and eventually draw conclusions with regard to the subject in question.
The article discusses the nature, scope and functions of the new institution of short certificate of civil and marital status in context of the nature of the institution of marriage. The author throws aside the extensive interpretation which persuades the possibility of indication in these certifications the homosexual partnership as equivalent legal situation in comparison to the matrimonial relation. The nature, origin and functions of marriage are appointed as main arguments against this broad conception. The homosexual relations are recognized as relations having only the civil law nature without any features of family law relationships.
The article presents functional and semantic characteristics of 38 periphrases of terms relating to unanimated nature excerpted from the poetry of Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska. Fifteen discussions relate to earth and its shape, two structures are synonyms of the word nature, and twenty-one constructions replace one-word aquatic names. The analysis of intertextual references showed that periphrases refer to folk, literary or cultural patterns. Semantically they relate to Christian, e.g. God’s world ‘earth’; mythological zephyr’s folds ‘waves’ and classical tradition (a glass broken into thousands of sparks ‘lake’).
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