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EN
There are main forms of the funeral ceremony of indigenous population of Central and East European Forest-Steppe of the Bronze Age and the Scythian period which have been marked out in the article. The ways of treating the dead were different. The body could be buried in the ground and burial mounds within the territory of settlements (in household buildings and special graves). The bones of dead could be left in the settlement area on exposure. The forest-steppe population followed a tradition of forefathers which was expressed in worship of human remains.
PL
The article is devoted to the funerary complexes of Scythian female warriors in the territory of the European Scythia. Types and sizes of graves, as well as the nature of the funeral rite of Amazons correspond to Scythian canons and de facto do not differ from men’s graves The analysis of the funerary inventory allows us to date them within the second half of the 7th till the 2nd centuries BC.
Muzyka
|
2018
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1
113-120
EN
This article describes the funeral ceremony of Queen Maria Leszczyńska, wife to Louis XV of France, who died on 24 June 1768 and was buried in the Basilica of Saint Denis on 11 August 1768. The author’s account is based on a ceremonial held in the archives of Seine-Saint-Denis department in Bobigny (220J/16/3). The musical setting of the ceremony consisted mainly in liturgical chants, but the document mentions 120 musicians participating in the funeral. They performed the motet De profundis (1740) by Antoine Blanchard (1696–1770), who conducted the performance. No information is given about any instrumental accompaniment. What is more, there is mention of the symbolic silence of some instruments, e.g. the organ. As the coffin was being carried into the basilica, military instruments were played (trumpets, drums, timpani), as well as other instruments not specified in the document.
PL
Artykuł zawiera opis ceremonii pogrzebowych królowej Marii Leszczyńskiej, żony Ludwika XV, zmarłej 24 VI 1768 r. i pochowanej w bazylice św. Dionizego w Saint-Denis w dniu 11 VIII 1768 roku. Autorka relacjonuje przebieg tych uroczystości na podstawie ceremoniarza zachowanego w archiwum departamentu Seine-Saint-Denis w Bobigny (220J/16/3). Udział muzyki w tych uroczystościach dotyczył głównie śpiewów liturgicznych, z dokumentu jednak dowiadujemy się o liczbie 120 muzyków uczestniczących w pogrzebie. Odśpiewali oni motet De profundis (1740) Antoine’a Blancharda (1696–1770), który poprowadził to wykonanie. Nie ma żadnej wzmianki o jakimkolwiek akompaniamencie instrumentalnym – co więcej mowa o instrumentach symbolicznie milczących, np. o organach. Wprowadzeniu trumny do bazyliki w Saint-Denis towarzyszył dźwięk instrumentów wojskowych (trąbki, bębny, kotły) i innych instrumentów, nie sprecyzowanych w dokumencie.
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