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The Catholic Church and a Person’s Right to Privacy and Protection of His Good Reputation

100%
Jakubiak T.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
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2023
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vol. 33
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issue 1
75-102
PL
Ochrona prawa do własnej intymności i dobrego imienia w ustawodawstwie Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego została uregulowana w kan. 220 KPK (por. kan. 23 KKKW). Niestety, ani ustawodawca, ani doktryna nie określili jednolicie ich zakresu. Taki stan rzeczy powoduje, że realizacja praw przysługujących wiernym napotyka trudności. Biorąc pod uwagę te problemy, autor podjął się określenia zakresu przedmiotowego oraz podmiotowego prawa do ochrony dobrego imienia i własnej intymności. Drugorzędnym celem badań, poprzedzających powstanie niniejszej publikacji, było ustalenie, czy prawa te mają charakter absolutny, czy też mogą podlegać ograniczeniem, a jeśli są ograniczone, to na jakich zasadach.
EN
In the Roman Catholic Church, a person’s right to privacy and to the protection of a good reputation are regulated in can. 220 CIC (cf. c. 23 CCEO). Unfortunately, the scope of the rights protected under this canon has not been given a uniform definition either in the legislation or in the doctrine, which means that the Christian faithful often encounter problems in the enjoyment of their rights. In view of this, I embarked on an attempt to define the scope of the right to privacy and protection of one’s good reputation, both from the vantage point of substantive law as well as from the perspective of persons vindicating this right. The second aim of the research conducted for this publication was to determine whether the nature of these rights is absolute, or whether they may be subject to restriction, and if so, on what grounds.
2
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Przygotowanie bezpośrednie do małżeństwa a ochrona dobrego imienia i intymności nupturientów za obowiązywania instrukcji Konferencji Episkopatu Polski z 5 września 1989 roku

100%
Jakubiak T.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
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2022
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vol. 32
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issue 2
149-167
EN
The right to protect one’s good reputation and privacy in the Catholic Church is guaranteed by statute to all the faithful. The exercise of these rights may, however, be restricted by ecclesiastical authority. Considering that about two hundred thousand persons participate in immediate preparation for marriage in Poland every year, the most essential element of which being “premarital enquiry”, the article analyzes the legal grounds for restricting the betrotheds’ right to protect their good reputation and privacy in the course of premarital enquiry. It also identifies persons competent to ask questions, and defines the subject-matter scope of such questions. The paper further addresses the issue of whether the right of pastors of souls to ask questions of the betrothed while drawing up minutes of the enquiry implies their obligation to provide answers.
PL
Prawo do ochrony dobrego imienia i własnej intymności zagwarantowane jest w Kościele katolickim ustawowo wszystkim wiernym. Realizacja przedmiotowych praw może jednak zostać ograniczona przez władzę kościelną. Zważywszy, że każdego roku na terenie Polski około dwustu tysięcy osób uczestniczy w bezpośrednim przygotowaniu do małżeństwa, którego najistotniejszym elementem jest „egzamin przedślubny”, w artykule przeanalizowano podstawy prawne ograniczenia nupturientom w trakcie „egzaminu przedślubnego” prawa do ochrony dobrego imienia i własnej intymności. Wskazano również osoby kompetentne do zadawania pytań oraz określono zakres przedmiotowy tych pytań. W publikacji nie zabrakło rozstrzygnięcia wątpliwości, czy prawo duszpasterzy do stawiania pytań narzeczonym w trakcie spisywania protokołu implikuje obowiązek udzielania odpowiedzi na nie.
3
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Zabezpieczenie prawa nupturientów do intymności i ochrony dobrego imienia w trakcie bezpośredniego przygotowania do małżeństwa wg dekretu KEP z 8 października 2019 roku

67%
Jakubiak T.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2023
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vol. 34
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issue 2
47-77
EN
Under the provisions of the General Decree of 8 October 2019 promulgated by the Conference of the Bishops of Poland, couples intending to marry in the Roman Catho- lic Church on the territory of the Republic of Poland are required to attend a premarital canonical and pastoral interview. This is done to prevent the invalid or illicit administration of the Sacrament of Matrimony. This article discusses the provisions of the Decree as regards the protection of couples’ right to privacy and a good reputation. It also offers priests conducting the premarital interview a series of suggestions (including courses of action not formally regulated in the particular provisions currently in force) affording a more effective means of protection for the rights of engaged couples as defined in Canon 220 of the Code of Canon Law of 1983, in situations when these rights may be restricted subject to the common good, the couple’s right to contract marriage (ius connubii), and the duties incumbent on the priest who is to determine whether they may contract a valid marriage under (can. 1066-1067). This is supplemented with a set of procedures the priest may decide to follow if he considers the proper performance of his duties as required by Canon Law may be incompatible with the full observation of the couple’s rights, and anticipates that he will have serious problems with drawing up a lawful and accurate premarital assessment report. (tłum. Teresa Bałuk-Ulewicz)
PL
Dla zapobieżenia nieważnemu i niegodziwemu zawieraniu małżeństw, narzeczeni przed wyrażeniem zgody małżeńskiej w Kościele katolickim na terenie Polski egzaminowani są zgodnie z normami promulgowanymi przez Konferencję Episkopatu Polski w Dekrecie ogólnym o przeprowadzaniu rozmów kanoniczno-duszpasterskich z narzeczonymi przed zawarciem małżeństwa kanonicznego z dn. 8 października 2019 roku W niniejszym artykule autor przeanalizował przepisy ogłoszone w przedmiotowym dekrecie pod kątem realizacji prawa nupturientów do zachowania własnej intymności i dobrego imienia. Ponadto wskazał duchownym przeprowadzającym egzamin przedślubny możliwe działania (w tym nieuregulowane wprost w obowiązującym prawie partykularnym), które pozwalają skuteczniej zabezpieczyć prawa nupturientów zapisane w kan. 220 KPK/83 wtedy, gdy podlegają one ograniczeniu ze względu na dobro wspólne, ius connubii przyszłych małżonków oraz obowiązek spoczywający na duszpasterzu rozeznającym zdatność nupturientów do zawarcia małżeństwa (kan. 1066-1067 KPK/83). Autor zaproponował również możliwe sposoby postępowania osób przeprowadzających egzamin, kiedy realizacja wspomnianych praw i obowiązków w trakcie spisywania protokołu przedślubnego zdaje się być nie do pogodzenia.
4
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La privacy nel diritto canonico e i rapporti con le legislazioni nazionali della Comunità Europea

43%
INTERGUGLIELMI A.
Prawo Kanoniczne
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2017
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vol. 60
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issue 4
41-66
EN
With the progressive use of computer systems and with the growing use of media, especially in recent years with the growing spread of internet and social media, the issue of personal data protection has created new needs that require adjustment of canonical regulation. The new issues concerning protection, often made very complex by the difficulty of stifling a phenomenon of "information transmission and therefore also of data" in continuous technological expansion, have made necessary to adapt the rules about privacy protection, to the European Community rules and to the individual countries rules that have to get them and that we will deal with them in our study. Church, which has always been the custodian of memory and history of peoples, through ecclesiastical archives, dioceses, monasteries and even each parish, is required therefore to ensure the protection of the data in its possession, which represent the life of the its churchgoers. In addition, among its fundamental rights, the law of the Church has always recognized the respect of the person, including “the right to the respect of good reputation and confidentiality of each person", which is enshrined in the Code of Canon Law of 1983 in canon 220. Besides, personal data protection involves the connection between the Church's legal order and the laws of the States: in the legislation of many nations, laws that protect the processing of personal data have been promulgated; those rules have to be kept by the National Bishops' Conferences to regulate and adapt the canonical regulation on the treatment of the so-called "sensitive" data to them.
PL
Con il progressivo utilizzo dei sistemi informatici e con l’espansione dell’utilizzo dei media, in modo particolare negli ultimi anni con il crescente diffondersi di internet e dei social media, la questione della tutela dei dati personali ha fatto sorgere nuove esigenze che richiedono un adeguamento della normativa canonica. Le nuove problematiche di tutela, spesso rese molto complesse dalla difficoltà di arginare un fenomeno di “trasmissione di informazioni e quindi anche di dati” in continua espansione tecnologica, hanno reso necessario adeguare la normativa di tutela della privacy sia a livello di norme della Comunità Europea, che dei singoli paesi tenuti a recepirle, di cui ci occuperemo nel nostro studio. La Chiesa, che da sempre è depositaria della memoria e della storia dei popoli, attraverso gli archivi ecclesiastici, delle diocesi, dei monasteri e anche delle singole parrocchie, è dunque tenuta a garantire la tutela dei dati in suo possesso, che rappresentano la vita dei suoi fedeli. Inoltre il diritto della Chiesa da sempre riconosce tra i suoi diritti fondamentali il rispetto della persona, tra cui rientra anche quello del “diritto al rispetto della buona fama e della riservatezza di ogni persona”, che viene sancito nel Codice di diritto canonico del 1983 al canone 220. La tutela dei dati personali coinvolge inoltre il rapporto tra l’ordinamento della Chiesa e le norme giuridiche degli Stati: nella legislazione di molte nazioni sono state promulgate leggi che tutelano il trattamento dei dati personali, norme che vanno tenute presenti dalle Conferenze Episcopali Nazionali per disciplinare e adeguare ad esse la normativa canonica sul trattamento dei dati cosiddetti “sensibili”.  
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