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EN
Presidential elections, by their nature, provoke fierce debates. During the 2017 French campaign the heated exchange between C. Angot and F. Fillon attracted public attention: that “clash” was making a “buzz”. Our attention was first caught by the terminology recurrently used by the media: in which ways are “clashes” and “buzzes” different from but also similar to old rhetorical mechanisms? And, more specifically, would New Rhetoric’s sensitivity to historical relativity shed some light on the issue? At first, we assumed that, polemic being a typical argumentative situation, there was no incompatibility between that theoretical framework and the study of a concrete polemical exchange. Of course, New Rhetoric doesn’t focus on polemical exchanges; we do, however, share Nicolas’ unease at saying that Perelman idealizes philosophical agreement (e.g. Nicolas, 2015a, § 7). After addressing that issue and the ambivalence of Perelman’s position, we will say a few words about the end / consequence distinction.
EN
The comparative, differential phenomenology of play and games has a critical political point. A mainstream discourse identifies – more or less – sport with play and game and describes sport as just a modernized extension of play or as a universal phenomenon that has existed since the Stone Age or the ancient Greek Olympics. This may be problematical, as there was no sport before industrial modernity. Before 1800, people were involved in a richness of play and games, competitions, festivities, and dances, which to large extent have disappeared or were marginalized, suppressed, and replaced by sport. The established rhetoric of “ancient Greek sport”, “medieval tournament sport”, etc., can be questioned. Configurational analysis as a procedure of differential phenomenology can help in analyzing sport as a specific modern game which produces objectified results through bodily movement. This analysis casts light not only on the phenomenon of sport itself, but also on the methodological and epistemological challenge of studying play, movement, and body culture.
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