Search results

1

Matching Imitative Activity of High-Tech Firms with Entrepreneurial Orientation

100%

Najda-Janoszka M.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2012

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vol. 8

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issue 1

52-67

EN

As pointed by numerous scholars high technology sectors are very apt for studying entrepreneurial activities due to their high levels of innovativeness. However, taking into account the highly dynamic and substantially hostile environment in those sectors, innovation may often not be the best strategic choice for market entry. In fact, the business practice confirms the extensive utilization of imitation strategy by technology entrepreneurs Meanwhile, the literature on entrepreneurship focuses almost exclusively on original innovators, underestimating the importance of imitation in the growth process and indicating shortage of research on imitative activities of entrepreneurs. Therefore this article presents discussion on the applicability of entrepreneurial orientation to imitators from the high-tech industries.

2

Immediate and Distracted Imitation in Second-Language Speech: Unreleased Plosives in English

100%

Rojczyk A., Porzuczek A., Bergier M.

Research in Language

|

2013

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vol. 11

|

issue 1

3-18

EN

The paper investigates immediate and distracted imitation in second-language speech using unreleased plosives. Unreleased plosives are fairly frequently found in English sequences of two stops. Polish, on the other hand, is characterised by a significant rate of releases in such sequences. This cross-linguistic difference served as material to look into how and to what extent non-native properties of sounds can be produced in immediate and distracted imitation. Thirteen native speakers of Polish first read and then imitated sequences of words with two stops straddling the word boundary. Stimuli for imitation had no release of the first stop. The results revealed that (1) a non-native feature such as the lack of the release burst can be imitated; (2) distracting imitation impedes imitative performance; (3) the type of a sequence interacts with the magnitude of an imitative effect

3

Wychowanie muzyczne jako praktyka memetyczna

100%

Krajewska A.

Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ

|

2019

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issue 4(43)

77–102

EN

Memes as cultural transmission units or imitation units were first described by the British biologist Richard Dawkins. Being the equivalent of genes, they are able to undergo replication processes, spread “from brain to brain” and evolve. These catchy, attractive and easy to remember structures are also found in music. Based on the assumption that memetics is not a popular science among musicians, both practitioners and teachers, the analysis undertaken in this text is an attempt to reflect memetic practice in the methods of the musical education developed by Zoltan Kodály, Carl Orff, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze and Edwin Gordon. It is also an offer for educators who are looking for new inspiration to work with children, either in music or general education.

4

Immediate and Distracted Imitation in Second-Language Speech: Unreleased Plosives In English

100%

Rojczyk A., Porzuczek A., Bergier M.

Research in Language

|

2013

|

vol. 11

|

issue 1

3-18

EN

The paper investigates immediate and distracted imitation in second-language speech using unreleased plosives. Unreleased plosives are fairly frequently found in English sequences of two stops. Polish, on the other hand, is characterised by a significant rate of releases in such sequences. This cross-linguistic difference served as material to look into how and to what extent non-native properties of sounds can be produced in immediate and distracted imitation. Thirteen native speakers of Polish first read and then imitated sequences of words with two stops straddling the word boundary. Stimuli for imitation had no release of the first stop. The results revealed that (1) a non-native feature such as the lack of the release burst can be imitated; (2) distracting imitation impedes imitative performance; (3) the type of a sequence interacts with the magnitude of an imitative effect

5

O inwencyjnym zapleczu Kazania przy przyjmowaniu świątości małżeństwa Józefa Wereszczyńskiego

89%

Sitko A.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

|

2019

|

vol. 14

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issue 2

279-292

EN

The article presents Stadło małżeńskie by Jan Płoczywłos Mrowiński (1514–1580) as one of the inspirational sources of Kazanie przy przyjmowaniu świątości małżeństwa by Józef Wereszczyński (b. after 1531, d. 1598). In the latter work, the quotations taken from the first work on marriage in the Polish language are intertwined with excepts from Żywot człowieka poczciwego [Life of an Honest Man] by Mikołaj Rej (1505–1569). As an author of the sermon in question prepared for the occasion of Stanisław Piotrowski’s betrothal, Wereszczyński rarely utilised the excerpts from Mrowiński’s treatise mechanically. He rather tends to abbreviate the fragments of Stadło małżeńskie, translocate them, develop on their pattern, and device substitution (e.g. by replacing biblical quotes with proverbs). It has to be emphasized that the Catholic preacher shared Mrowiński’s conviction regarding the voluntariness of entering into marriage, which ought to be based on mutual love.

6

NAŚLADOWANIE I LIRYZM. SMUTNE ŻALE STANISŁAWA MORSZTYNA WOBEC SMUTNYCH ZABAW WACŁAWA POTOCKIEGO

88%

Sokół L.

Rocznik Przemyski

|

2017

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vol. 53

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issue 2(21): Literatura i Język

37-52

EN

The analyses of two Baroque funereal series – Smutne zabawy (Sad games) by Wacław Potocki and Smutne żale (Sorrowful grief) by Stanisław Morsztyn included in this paper have made it possible to distinguish common features of the discussed works as well as identify significant differences. It is known that the two collections differ in terms of structure. Potocki’s series has a two-part composition, whereas Morsztyn’s works follow the topics of a classic epicede. Both are philosophical and reflective in nature, however each author emphasizes different issues in constructing a funereal memento. A common feature of both series is the authors’ reference to the Stoic philosophy, which is an important structural element of the mentioned threnodies. A comparison of the two works presents the funeral objects and points out the extent of imitation.

7

COMMON SENSE APPROACH TO THE RESTORATION OF SACRED ART

88%

Lopez Pinto A.

Studia Gilsoniana

|

2014

|

vol. 3: supplement

537-545

EN

In this paper, Sacred Art is examined as an imitation of historia. Historia interprets historical human events as empirical, material and real while seeking to understand their moral and spiritual significance. It is from historia that sacred art can be understood, where Christ and the saints are portrayed in the integrity of their human natures united to symbols representing Divinity or grace in order to present a visual/contemplative narrative. Mortimer Adler rightly sees that the vision of the beautiful is inherently contemplative, thus sacred iconography provides a language that can form the common sense of men and women.

8

Accommodation of L2 Speech in a Repetition Task: Exploring Paralinguistic Imitation

88%

Burin L., Paris Diderot University P., lea.burin@univ-paris-diderot.fr

Research in Language

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2018

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vol. 16

|

issue 4

EN

Phonetic convergence is the process by which a speaker adapts his/her speech to sound more similar to his/her interlocutor. While most studies analysing this process have been conducted amongst speakers sharing the same language or variety, this experiment focuses on imitation between non-native and native speakers in a repetition task. The data is a fragment from the ANGLISH corpus designed by Anne Tortel (Tortel, 2008). 40 French speakers (10 male intermediate, 10 male advanced, 10 female intermediate and 10 female advanced learners) were asked to repeat a set of 20 sentences produced by British native speakers. Segmental (vowel quality), suprasegmental (vowel duration) and voice quality were analysed. Level of proficiency, gender and model talker were taken as independent variables. Level appeared not to be a relevant parameter due to a high amount of inter-individual variability amongst groups. Somewhat contradictory results were observed for vowel duration and F1-F2 distance for male learners converged more than female learners. Our hypothesis that low vowels display a higher degree of imitation, and especially within the F1 dimension (Babel, 2012), was partially validated. Convergence in vowel duration in order to sound more native-like was also observed (Zając, 2013). Regarding the analysis of voice quality, and more particularly of creaky voice, observations suggest that some advanced female learners creaked more than the native speakers and more in the reading task, which indicate, both linguistic idiosyncrasy and accommodation towards the native speakers. Low vowels seem also to be more likely to be produced with a creaky voice, especially at the end of prosodic constituents.

9

Imitation et Invention dans "L’Académie de l’art poétique" de Pierre de Deimier

88%

Pawłowska M.

Acta Philologica

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2016

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issue 49

113-121

EN

Pierre de Deimier’s “Académie de l’art poétique” is a treaty written at the time of transition between Renaissance and Classical aesthetics. Consequently, Deimier, who continues to respect the regularisation of French poetry, is much more liberal in the applications of the rules of literature than his successors. Contrary to his predecessors, he acknowledges the primacy of invention over imitation, and distinguishes between free and close imitation. Only free imitation is acceptable.

10

Accommodation of L2 Speech in a Repetition Task: Exploring Paralinguistic Imitation

88%

Burin L.

Research in Language

|

2018

|

vol. 16

|

issue 4

377-406

EN

Phonetic convergence is the process by which a speaker adapts his/her speech to sound more similar to his/her interlocutor. While most studies analysing this process have been conducted amongst speakers sharing the same language or variety, this experiment focuses on imitation between non-native and native speakers in a repetition task. The data is a fragment from the ANGLISH corpus designed by Anne Tortel (Tortel, 2008). 40 French speakers (10 male intermediate, 10 male advanced, 10 female intermediate and 10 female advanced learners) were asked to repeat a set of 20 sentences produced by British native speakers. Segmental (vowel quality), suprasegmental (vowel duration) and voice quality were analysed. Level of proficiency, gender and model talker were taken as independent variables. Level appeared not to be a relevant parameter due to a high amount of inter-individual variability amongst groups. Somewhat contradictory results were observed for vowel duration and F1-F2 distance for male learners converged more than female learners. Our hypothesis that low vowels display a higher degree of imitation, and especially within the F1 dimension (Babel, 2012), was partially validated. Convergence in vowel duration in order to sound more native-like was also observed (Zając, 2013). Regarding the analysis of voice quality, and more particularly of creaky voice, observations suggest that some advanced female learners creaked more than the native speakers and more in the reading task, which indicate, both linguistic idiosyncrasy and accommodation towards the native speakers. Low vowels seem also to be more likely to be produced with a creaky voice, especially at the end of prosodic constituents.

11

Ewolucja religii w memetyce (Dawkins, Dennett). Teoria doboru kulturowego w wyjaśnianiu zjawisk powstania, rozwoju i ewolucji kultury

88%

Rusek D.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

|

2015

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vol. 28

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issue 1

158-173

EN

Since ‘The Selfish Gene’ by Richard Dawkins was published the notion of evolving culture has become a matter of a growing concern which appears to be especially intriguing from the perspective of biology (R. Dawkins), psychology (R. Brodie) as well as philosophy (D. Dennett). The essence of Darwin’s project is a natural selection within the sphere of a natural science. From this standpoint, a human is considered to be an effect of an evolutionary development. In the memetics approach, a human being is perceived in a different manner. An unit of gene, which task is to pass on the information in a process of a natural selection, has been replaced by a notion of a meme that is an entirely new replicator which, as opposed to a gene, may be applied to the various environments, not only a biological one. The crucial factor that determines the uniqueness of every man would be culture. From this point of view, the transfer of culture, which is developing in a specific procedure, is emphasized. What can be included in the evolutionary processes in the vast area of culture? What is the discrepancy between the Dawkins’s biological position and the grounded on a philosophy of mind the position of Dennett? The above mentioned attitudes result in various definitions of meme as well as the further implications that result from these definitions. Does the Theory of Cultural Selection fully explain a matter of the origin and evolution of languages, societies and religions?

12

W kręgu pryncypiów w studiach nad triadą: język – obyczaj – wspólnota

88%

Borawski S., Uździcka M., Zielonogórski U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica

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2014

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vol. 048

EN

The principles in the study of the triad: the language – custom – community Studies of the triad language – custom – community is a synthesis of two parallel research traditions: research centre of Łódź, which is known from studies of the custom – language relationship and research centre o Zielona Góra, famous from its studies on the communitylangugae relationship. In these studies, the starting point for all kinds of considerations are questions about language and the way it is used. Therefore, language is considered as a social tool, cultural storage, a certificate of civilizational changes, track of time and space. Custom and community, however, indicate the attitude of research and define the order of the auxiliary sciences within such language studies. It is very important to remember that one should speak about the custom both in community and individual sense every time when there is a repetition or imitation of the behavior and actions caused by identical communicative needs. That repetition and imitation manifests on all planes or layers of texts: from word formation, the phraseology and syntax, to the genre; it also addresses the functional behavior, fashions and stylistic treatments.

13

Sarabernardyzacja, kwestia żydowska i upadek moralny O warszawskich fankach Sary Bernhardt

88%

Łuksza A.

Didaskalia. Gazeta Teatralna

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2020

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issue 159

1-35

EN

My article discusses the phenomenon of ‘sarahbernhardtisation’, which occurred in the winter of 1882 in Warsaw as a result of Sarah Bernhardt’s guest performances in one of the city’s theatres. It consisted in imitating the appearance and manner of the French star. I suggest that the sarahbernhardtisation is an example of early fan practice, where fascination with the idol coincided with the need to break the hegemonic model of femininity. I also argue that the anti-Jewish riots that preceded the French actress’s visit to Warsaw were of crucial significance for the social reception of Bernhardt and the wave of fan mimicry inspired by her.

14

Georgiego Gospodinowa zmagania z kategorią czasu w dobie kryzysu

88%

Szwat-Gyłybowa G.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2022

|

issue 23

295-320

EN

The article is devoted to a reflection on the category of time in Georgi Gospodinov’s novel Vremeubežiŝte (2020), where the author undertakes a reflection on the processes of culpable and non-culpable self-destruction of societies that have rejected the rules of Enlightenment rationalism. Using the tools of dystopia, he creates a world gripped by collective madness, the sources of which he derives from extra-literary reality and links to contemporary political and cultural processes. Leszek Kolakowski’s concept of time as the vault of the human home, which is based on four pillars: reason, God, love, death, remains the philosophical point of reference for my deliberations. In turn, the concept of retroutopia of the sociologist of culture Zygmunt Bauman provided me with tools to reflect on a new type of rationalism after the conservative turn. René Girard’s concept of mimetic competition was helpful in considering the structure of the world presented in the novel.

15

Angielska Bovary. O „The Doctor’s Wife” Mary E. Braddon

88%

Budrewicz A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

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2018

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vol. 49

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issue 3

43-60

EN

This article is a comparative analysis of Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s The Doctor’s Wife and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. Braddon’s novel has been interpreted as an imitation of Flaubert’s. The basis of the analysis is a Polish translation of Braddon’s novel (Żona doktora, „Gazeta Warszawska” 1867). This translation was published earlier than the translation of Madame Bovary (1878). Braddon’s works were quite popular in Poland and they were translated into Polish as well. It is shown that Braddon’s novel was not a copy of Flaubert’s work. The similarities concern the plot (a married woman’s affair) and psychological characterisation of the eponymous character (a girl who is absorbed her books and lives in the world of fantasy). In the crucial scene of the novel, Braddon makes a different choice than Flaubert does: her protagonist, who is in love with a seducer, does not commit adultery. Braddon explained that this was due to Protestantism and platonic concept of love which does not need physical involvement. Braddon shows three stages of the protagonist’s history: 1) her youth filled with books; 2) her unhappy marriage (the wife does not love the husband but the seducer); 3) after her husband’s and lover’s deaths the protagonist receives a large amount of money and begins to perform important social roles. This is how Braddon criticises the educational system of Victorian England and depicts a model which is a form of pedagogy preparing people for practical life.

16

IDEA CZŁOWIEKA I BÓSTWA W STAROŻYTNOŚCI CZĘŚĆ I: Xenophon’s Cyrus, Alexander φιλόκυρος. How carefully did Alexander the Great study the Cyropaedia?

88%

Burliga B.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2014

|

vol. 15(3)

134-146

PL

It is well known that for Alexander the Great the Persian dynast Cyrus (559–530 BC) was an object of imitation; there was a tradition in antiquity that Alexander was “fond of Cyrus” (φιλόκυρος; philokyros). The purpose of this paper is to examine what kind of imitation it actually was, and how serious Alexander’s following of the Persian ruler was: did the famous Cyropaedia (The Education of Cyrus), a Greek tale of the Achaemenid king, play an important role as a source in Alexander’s calculations and actions or in his notions of how his own kingdom would look? It is argued that in this case the influence of Xenophon’s major work must have been intense, but that one should not seek it everywhere when examining Alexander’s expedition, or to understand such influence too literally, though there were a few cases where Alexander seems to have purposefully and publicly emphasised his close connection to Cyrus.

17

Wczesnośredniowieczne zapinki podkowiaste z ziem polskich. Uwagi na temat chronologii, rozprzestrzenienia i genezy

88%

Olejarz A.

Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

|

2011

|

vol. 53

231-258

EN

The earliest penannular brooch finds from Poland date back from the Roman Period, with a rare find or two datable to the Migrations Period. After a brief chronological break these forms are noted again from the 11th c. onwards, but they are associated with a different culture environment then previously. There is no doubt that in the Slav environment the penannular brooch was not a native form. At present from the territory of Poland we have over 60 finds of these brooches. Analysis of the chronological and geographic distribution of penannular brooches has revealed a number of correlations. Also notable are some characteristic features, e. g., the raw material, size (diameter), construction design and decorative motifs. Penannular brooches are present during the early medieval period almost everywhere in Poland. This is, first of all, the entire coastal zone of Baltic, Kuyavia and eastern Greater Poland Podlachia and Lesser Poland. Isolated specimens are known from Lubusz Land, Silesia, Subcarpathia, Polesie, Masovia, the regions of Suwałki and Częstochowa. To some extent finds of these brooches may be said to group along the largest rivers: Odra, Vistula, Warta, Western Bug, Narew and their tributaries. Another notable fact would be the occurrence of the oldest iron specimens in central and south Poland, mainly within earthworks and settlements. The dating of these brooches tends to be the period 9th-11th c. At the same time, the 9th c. chronology raises some reservations. On the other hand, starting from the 11th until the 13th c. penannular brooches are recorded in similar contexts mostly in central and northern parts of Poland. Moreover, brooches from silver hoards in Pomerania and Lubusz Land invariably have the form of hack silver, dated not later then 11th c. In inhumation cemeteries 10th to the 13th c. we observed a great diversity of these ornaments; they are present both in female and male graves, and a significant majority of specimens made in bronze have an engraved ornament. The brooches from grave finds are recorded in the north of Poland and in a zone running centrally across Poland all the way to Lesser Poland. From before the 10th c. we have no record of even a single penannular brooch made in bronze. This situation may be the result of the lack of precision in dating the oldest iron specimens or of the local production preceding the inflow of imports. By charting all the penannular brooch finds on a map and making an analysis of their culture attribution and chronology we can attempt to reconstruct the routes of their influx to our territory. The results of these analyses identified Scandinavia, Balt territory, and Rus’ as source areas of imported brooches. Their distributions suggests both a sustained popularity of these ornaments during the early medieval period and the long period they continued in use. Future studies, focused in particular on the chronology of individual assemblages in which penannular brooches were discovered, may provide new insight on these early medieval forms of personal ornament.

18

Przyswajanie języka pierwszego - imitacja czy wrodzony dar? Analiza na podstawie wybranych teorii akwizycji języka ojczystego oraz podstawowych systemów językowych

88%

Włodarska K.

Adeptus

|

2013

|

issue 1

EN

First language acquisition – imitation or innate gift? Analysis based on selected theories of first language acquisition and basic language systemsThis article deals with a surprising phenomenon typical only for human beings – first language acquisition. Its aim is to answer the question as stated in the title. The author, an English teacher working in a nursery school, looks for the answer using references to theories connected with this topic, and in addition, takes into consideration the speech of children she is in charge of. In order to demonstrate the sophisticated nature of human language, the author refers to several definitions of this term. She presents the term ‘mother tongue’ and analyses the ways of acquiring its phonetic, phonological, morphological and syntactic systems by children. She also gives numerous examples of the most common mistakes found in their speech, taken from Polish and English languages. Furthermore, three major theories regarding first language acquisition, presenting the approach of Piaget, Chomsky and Skinner to this phenomenon, are described in the article. The author reaches the conclusion that first language acquisition is a mixture of imitation and innate gift. The role of the physical mechanism enabling a human being to produce speech and that of contact with the language of a child’s parents merits emphasizing also. The result of these factors is the possibility of language acquisition.

19

Odwołania do Aleksandra Wielkiego i ich rola w Żywocie Demetriusza Plutarcha z Cheronei

88%

Zieliński T.

Collectanea Philologica

|

2020

|

issue 23

73-89

EN

Among all Plutarch’s Lives of men that lived after IV B.C., the biography of Demetrius Poliorcetes contains the most references to Alexander the Great. It is noteworthy that references to this figure in comparison to other Plutarchean biographies occur in greater numbers and in various contexts. The article is an attempt to demonstrate that the references to Alexander the Great played an important role in the construction of the Plutarch’s Life of Demetrius. Thus their purpose was to portrayal Poliorcetes as a failed imitator of famous Macedonian king. The considerations presented in the article can be used as an argument for changing the image of Demetrius in scholarly literature.

20

THE IDEA OF MAN AND DIVINITY IN ANTIQUITY PART I: Xenophon’s Cyrus, Alexander φιλόκυρος. How carefully did Alexander the Great study the Cyropaedia?

88%

Burliga B.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

|

2014

|

vol. 15(3)

134-146

EN

It is well known that for Alexander the Great the Persian dynast Cyrus (559–530 BC) was an object of imitation; there was a tradition in antiquity that Alexander was “fond of Cyrus” (φιλόκυρος; philokyros). The purpose of this paper is to examine what kind of imitation it actually was, and how serious Alexander’s following of the Persian ruler was: did the famous Cyropaedia (The Education of Cyrus), a Greek tale of the Achaemenid king, play an important role as a source in Alexander’s calculations and actions or in his notions of how his own kingdom would look? It is argued that in this case the influence of Xenophon’s major work must have been intense, but that one should not seek it everywhere when examining Alexander’s expedition, or to understand such influence too literally, though there were a few cases where Alexander seems to have purposefully and publicly emphasised his close connection to Cyrus.

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