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EN
The article contains a critical analysis and evaluation of the publications Światy dzieciństwa. Infantylizacje w literaturze i kulturze published in 2016 edited by Małgorzata Chrobak and Katarzyna Wądolny-Tatar. The variety of texts contained in monograph illustrates the multicolored worlds of childhood and the various consequences of returning to the land of youth. The value of the book is a multidimensional presentation of the process of infantilization in literature and culture.
EN
The presented article concerns the phenomenon of infantilization of the elderly in many areas of everyday by their family carers. Infantilization means treating an adult like a child. In the sphere of language, this phenomenon is called baby-talk. Often infantilization of the elderly concerns the sphere of communication. The author of the article shows that not only during conversations they are treated as children. Family carers showed signs of infantilization, referring to the care and nursing of the elderly under their care. This article is an excerpt from a broader study of family carers for the elderly. The study was conducted with 20 carers of the elderly using the unstructured interview method in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The analysis of the research material was performed using the MAXQDA software. The result of a broad analysis is the research report presented in this study, which shows that infantilization is multidimensional and nonconscious. It results from the lack of preparation of the family carers for the role of a caregiver. Due to their insufficient knowledge about looking after an old person, the careres are forced to base their knowledge on their experience as parents.
PL
W artykule nie chodzi o perspektywę indolencji, ale o wykorzystywanie potencjałów dzieciństwa do budowania swojej dorosłości. W tym celu przywołuję poetycką opowieść Mały książę Antoine’a de Saint-Exupéry’ego, która w znakomity sposób prezentuje relacje między dorosłym a dzieckiem, relacje symboliczne między byciem dzieckiem a byciem i stawaniem się dorosłym. Idąc tym tropem, wykorzystanie do analiz Małego księcia jest kluczem do zrozumienia kategorii infantylizacji, oddając tym samym sposób i treść aplikacyjności wartości. Rozważania rozpoczynam od próby zdefiniowania infantylizacji, włączając w ten dyskurs reprezentacje G. Bachelarda, B.R. Barbera a także C.G. Junga. Następnie przywołuję kategorię powieści, traktując ją jako „laboratorium ludzkiej egzystencji” (Jaworska-Witkowska) a tym samym jako wdzięczny materiał analiz, kluczowy dla dyskursu pedagogicznego. W kolejnej części tekstu pojawia się kilka tropów (od)czytań Małego księcia z refleksją pedagogiczną w tle.
EN
The aim of the article is not to discuss the perspective of indolence, but to focus on using childhood potential in building adulthood. For this purpose, the author invokes the philosophical tale The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, which perfectly illustrates the relationship between an adult and a child, a symbolic relationship between being a child and being and becoming an adult. Following this logic, the use of The Little Prince is the key to understand the category of infantilization, thereby reflecting the way and content of value applicability. The author begins her considerations with the attempt to define infantilization, entering the representations by G. Bachelard, R. Barber and C.G. Jung into the discourse. The next step is referring to the category of the novel as “the laboratory of the human soul” (Jaworska-Witkowska), and thus as rewarding material for analysis which is crucial for the pedagogical discourse. The second part of the text includes several ways of interpreting The Little Prince, with pedagogical reflection in the background.
EN
Introduction: The need to recognize the student’s way of reading children’s reading is related to planning the development in the course of academic education of important methodological skills of the future teacher of early education (selection of literary texts, organization of work with the text). Every early childhood teacher is a nostalgic go-between for children’s literature. Research Aim: The aim of my own research is to identify students’ opinions about selected texts of children’s literature. Particular attention was paid to identifying revealed reading strategies. Method: The method of personal documents was used. The impulse that triggered students’ reflection on their own opinion about a children’s book was writing a review of a selected reading. Results: 41 student statements were collected. Among the reviewed items, the vast majority (in 31 reviews) were literature considered classic, which has been included in the recommendations of the core curriculum for years. The analysis shows that 14 people read the reviewed books in childhood and declared that they read them again in their adult life. The analysis of students’ choices reveals a lack of knowledge of children’s books published after 2006, i.e. during their early education. The most frequently activated strategy of receiving children’s literature – regardless of the baggage of experience related to reading a given book in childhood – is infantilizing reading. Conclusion: Without identifying the strategy of reading children’s literature, future teachers will not be able to participate competently in the child’s literary communication, even with personal “reading”. Intensifying the critical reading of children’s literature in academic classes for future teachers of early childhood education seems to be a good way to collect reading experiences and prepare for the role of a mediator of reading. Critical reading activities can be intensified in the activities of circles, laboratories and children’s book discussion clubs for future teachers of early childhood education.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Potrzeba rozpoznania studenckiego sposobu odbioru lektur dziecięcych wiąże się z planowaniem rozwoju w toku kształcenia akademickiego ważnych umiejętności metodycznych przyszłego nauczyciela wczesnej edukacji (dobór tekstu literackiego, organizacja pracy z tekstem). Każdy nauczyciel wczesnej edukacji jest nostalgicznym pośrednikiem literatury dziecięcej. Cel badań: Celem podjętych badań własnych jest rozpoznanie opinii studentów o wybranych tekstach literatury dziecięcej. Skupiono się na rozpoznaniu ujawnionych strategii lektury. Metoda badań: Zastosowano metodę dokumentów osobistych. Impulsem uruchamiającym namysł studentów nad własną opinią dotyczącą książki dziecięcej było napisanie recenzji wybranej lektury. Wyniki: Zgromadzono 41 wypowiedzi studenckich. Wśród recenzowanych pozycji zdecydowaną większość (w 31 recenzjach) stanowiła literatura uznawana za klasyczną, która od lat widnieje w rekomendacjach podstawy programowej. Poczyniona analiza wskazuje, że 14 osób czytało recenzowane książki w dzieciństwie i deklarowało, że czytają kolejny raz w dorosłym życiu. Analiza studenckich wyborów ujawnia brak znajomości książek dziecięcych, które ukazały się po 2006 roku, a więc w okresie przypadającym na ich wczesną edukację. Najczęściej uruchamianą strategią odbioru literatury dziecięcej – bez względu na bagaż doświadczeń związanych z czytaniem danej książki dzieciństwie – jest lektura infantylizująca. Wnioski: Bez identyfikowania strategii lektury literatury dziecięcej przyszłych nauczycieli nie będzie możliwe ich uczestnictwo w komunikacji literackiej dziecka w sposób kompetentny, nawet przy osobistym oczytaniu. Wzmożenie krytycznej lektury literatury dziecięcej na zajęciach akademickich dla przyszłych nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji wydaje się dobrym sposobem na kolekcjonowanie doświadczeń czytelniczych i przygotowanie do roli pośrednika lektury. Ćwiczenia krytycznego czytania można zintensyfikować w aktywności kół, laboratoriów oraz dyskusyjnych klubów książki dziecięcej dla przyszłych nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji.
EN
The article entitled Childhood subversions and infantilizations of adulthood in the literature and films personality horror based on selected examples is focused on “carnal horrors” revolving around the subject of serial killers and the source of their psychopathy. Taking into account the findings of the horror researchers and creators, among others Carol J. Clover, the origins of psychopathy in personality horrors are most likely to be found in the murderer’s traumatic childhood. For Clover, childhood marked by trauma should be referred to as “subversive” and can as such become an interpretative tool consciously chosen by the writer and desired by the reader. The selected personality horrors present varying versions of subversive childhood which always – as claimed by Clover – results in the process of “infantilizing” one’s adulthood. Such infantilizing manifests itself in deviations, aberrations and crimes committed by the protagonist – called here a “pop-psychopath” – that are directly related to the childhood trauma. A pop-psychopath’s infantilism induces horror and abomination as it points to its permanent rooting in the childhood experience composed of the worst deviations. It is worth mentioning that personality horror does not aspire to be a scientific study of psycho-pathology of serial killings but rather offers only a cursory treatment of psychiatry and psychology findings on the subject. It should be noted that, similarly to other genres of horror literature, the personality horror is a type of “game with fear” discussed by Roger Caillois. This is linked to the fact that it satisfies a human need to experience fear in a grotesque, gruesome and ludic manner, emphasising such justifications for a crime as are expected by the horror fans. One of such justifications is a killer’s toxic childhood and their extremely infantile attitude that is a natural effect of the experience. This is the issue I intend to focus on, interpreting the most popular literary and film texts on the subject.
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