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Towards naturalness scales of pragmatic complexity

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Kilani-Schoch M., Sánchez Miret F., Dressler W. U.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2011
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vol. 47
237
EN
This paper is an attempt to handle pragmatic complexity within the framework of Natural Linguistics. Specifically it aims at building two naturalness scales of the complexity of pragmatic inferences based on the naturalness parameters of trans-parency–opacity and of biuniqueness–ambiguity, illustrated mainly with French examples. The scales are complementary: transparency–opacity deals with hierarchized meanings, biuniqueness–ambiguity with exclusive alternative meanings. Pragmatic complexity is intended here as a function of the number and types of inferences or inferential steps included in the description of an utterance meaning. It is defined quantitatively and qualitatively and converges with cognitive complexity. The scales distinguish phenomena that are to varying degrees opaque or ambiguous (indirect, elliptic or non-literal) according to whether there is flouting or violation of a Gricean maxim and how this takes place. The number of cotextual and/or contextual dimensions as well as variable cog-nitive operations, modes of reasoning and meaning relations are taken as measures of pragmatic complexity. The paper also discusses the relation between complexity and markedness. This issue reveals a conflict between the perspectives of speaker and hearer.
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La gènesi dels somatismes: accions humanes fossilitzades

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Sánchez-López E.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2021
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vol. 48
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issue 3
133-147
EN
Somatic idioms – those including a part of the body – have been traditionally studied from a synchronic perspective, yielding different explanations for their semantic value. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the diachronic origin of idiomatic meaning, by illustrating the process of phraseologization from a historical, usage-based perspective. As the first step, we will reflect on the general nature of phraseological meaning, and then on the semantic particularities of somatic idioms. Secondly, we will carry out a corpus-based diachronic analysis of the Catalan idiom tapar-se el nas (to hold one’s nose) within the framework of the Invited Inference Theory of Semantic Change. The different stages of the process will be exemplified and discussed. As a result, a new notion of somatic idioms as frozen human actions will be presented.
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On the usefulness of logic in forensic science

86%
Kozanecka-Dymek A.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2020
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vol. 48
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issue 4
199-212
EN
The paper raises the question of possible applications of logic within criminalistics. It is shown that forensic specialists should know the basics of logic, particularly such issues as the different types of inferences and their correctness (also formal).
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