Search results

1

The EU Emission Trading System – the Aftermath

100%

Horák J., Němcová I., Vondrušková B.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2012

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issue 2.3(20.3)

89-99

EN

The article written by three scholars: Jiří Horák, Ingeborg Němcová and Barbora Vondrušková, proposes a look at the occurring global changes from an ecological and legal-institutional perspective. Complicated rules, regulations, and restrictions usually unintelligible to the average individual, construct an increasingly regulated space, transforming it into continuously restricted area where freedom of activities is hampered. The authors focus on the sophisticated system of networks with their growing institutionalization. One of the examples is the emission trading system.

2

Instytucjonalizacja ruchu polskiego na Ukrainie w latach 1988–1991

100%

Rudnicki S.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2013

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issue 42

EN

The institutionalization of the Polish movement in Ukraine, 1988–1991For a long time the Polish minority in Ukraine was unable to fulfill its religious, cultural, educational, and political needs because of the Soviet communist regime. All institutions were controlled by the Communist Party and state security organs. Nevertheless, the process of the rebirth of Polish institutions and organizations began in 1989 via the former channels of the communist apparatus which was prepared to allow limited concessions. Thus the process was from above and not from below, from the center to the periphery, according to the former command political system. It relied on former organisations, mostly Towarzystwo Łączności i Związków Kulturalnych z Zagranicą.However, the ethnic mobilization of the Polish minority in Ukraine proceeded faster than the equivalent process embracing the Ukrainians themselves, who fought also for sovereignty for the nation. The article describes in detail the phases of forming the Polish organizations for which Polskie Stowarzyszenie Kulturalno-Oświatowe was a precursor, and its forms of activity, later imitated by other social organizations, such as Polish language courses, festivals and competitions, folk dancing, travel to Poland.

3

Instytucjonalizacja ruchu polskiego na Ukrainie w latach 1988-1991

100%

Rudnicki S.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2013

|

issue 42

181-189

EN

For a long time the Polish minority in Ukraine was unable to fulfill its religious, cultural, educational, and political needs because of the Soviet communist regime. All institutions were controlled by the Communist Party and state security organs. Nevertheless, the process of the rebirth of Polish institutions and organizations began in 1989 via the former channels of the communist apparatus which was prepared to allow limited concessions. Thus the process was from above and not from below, from the center to the periphery, according to the former command political system. It relied on former organisations, mostly Towarzystwo Łączności i Związków Kulturalnych z Zagranicą. However, the ethnic mobilization of the Polish minority in Ukraine proceeded faster than the equivalent process embracing the Ukrainians themselves, who fought also for sovereignty for the nation. The article describes in detail the phases of forming the Polish organizations for which Polskie Stowarzyszenie Kulturalno-Oświatowe was a precursor, and its forms of activity, later imitated by other social organizations, such as Polish language courses, festivals and competitions, folk dancing, travel to Poland.

4

Zmiana normy prawnej a proces instytucjonalizacji przekraczania granicy państwowej

88%

Dąbrowski M.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2014

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vol. 23

203-222

EN

On the basis of a four year long observation at a border crossing point the author will explain the process of institutionalization in specific conditions where social order has been destroyed. The objective of the new law is to restrict the activity of people who use Polish–Belarusian border crossing points and the main purpose of this paper is to show how their behaviors have been influenced by these changes. The behaviors observed during the research explain how a new type of social order can be created, and the author will focus on nine stages which form the process of institutionalization. Expressions such as social action, knowledge, institution and social world are used in a theoretical context. The empirical material gathered during the research is then compared with the discussed theoretical concepts.

5

Analyzing scientific knowledge in documents: The case of regulatory impact assessment

88%

Staroňová K.

Human Affairs

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 3

299-306

EN

Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is seen as a tool for increasing evidence-based policy making and as such it is being integrated into decision-making procedures on a wide range of issues. Based on systematic consultation, clear criteria for policy choice, and economic analysis of how costs and benefits impact on a wide range of affected parties, this tool operates by using scientific knowledge and technical analysis rather than political considerations. Scientific knowledge can be used to achieve instrumental learning (Radaelli, 2009, OECD), policy change (Sabatier, 1999), to impact on decision making (Caplan, 1979; C.H.Weiss, 1999) but also to seek legitimacy from the policy environment (Edelman, 1985; Schrefler, 2010). This article suggests an analytical framework for analysing RIA documents with insight from knowledge utilization theories. We argue that in order to better understand the RIA itself, we need to look at institutional factors as well. The combination of institutional context variables and variables for RIA document content analysis which make up worldviews in this framework provide the basis for the document analysis and exploration of RIA in its context.

6

THE FIRST STEP IN THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF VISEGRAD COOPERATION: THE INTERNATIONAL VISEGRAD FUND (2000-2021)

88%

Szabó G.

Central European Papers

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2022

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vol. 10

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issue 2

55-72

EN

The central theme of my work is the International Visegrad Fund (IVF), which is the first step in the institutionalization of the Visegrad Cooperation. My goal is primarily to present the creation, goals, operation, and results of this organization, for which, I must first explain the main antecedents of the creation of the Visegrad Cooperation and the peculiarities of its operation. The Visegrad Cooperation, established in 1991, acts as an intergovernmental interest conciliation forum that has not been institutionalized. It is run by annual rotating presidencies and meetings held by epresentatives - of different levels - of the Member States, which allow it to have flexible and voluntary based cooperation and the conciliation of shared interests between the Member States before meetings of international organizations, thus acting more effectively. The primary task of the International Visegrad Fund, established in 2000, with headquarters in Bratislava, is to support cultural, educational, scientific, and research activities and mobility between the Member States, using the financial means at its disposal, which it implements primarily in various grants and scholarships. Today, it operates not only in the Visegrad region, but it formed a cooperation with other countries. Of these, it provides significant subsidies to the states of the Eastern Partnership and Western Balkans. The scope of duties of the Fund and the financial background required for this are constantly expanding, which is a good indication of the organization's success.

7

Bred or wild participation?

75%

Revel M. L.

Przegląd Socjologiczny

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2012

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vol. 61

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issue 4

173-193

EN

The development of the participation proposal for French citizens leads us to examine whether state organized participatory democracy hinders socialchange. The taking over of deliberation and participation functions by state and corporate bodies through regulations and initiatives such as participatory devices seems to both stimulate and channel citizen participation in decision making processes. More and more scholars study these institutional devices, criticizing the “procedural tropism” [Mazeaud, 2011] observed in the literature. Indeed, the proceduralization of citizen participation over the last years, embodied in established and standardized devices which are controlled by a public or administrative institution, is of great social significance. Those standardized forms of debate, conceived in a top down approach by state and public bodies are also becoming compulsory in different fields of public action. Environmental law recent developments in France for instance are increasingly calling for citizens’ inclusion, as well as urban planning. This institutionalization process produces at least two main types of consequences. According to Fourniau and Blondiaux [2011] it “coincides first of all with a renunciation of a large-scale social change”. These participative settings multiply and are often localized and time limited. They are aimed at what Fung [2003] calls the “mini public”. They do not allow sufficiently broad and concrete deliberative structures which enable real citizen expression. At the same time proceduralization usually gives control over participation to the authorities who organize it. The way in which they frame power, stage public meetings and animation choices reduces the margin of uncertainty which maintains openness and freedom of speech at debates. We have already highlighted this institutional issue and its political consequences for public debate [Revel, 2007]. Can we suggest that the shape of the participatory devices contributes to defining the form of justifiable public participation? The opposing argument about public debate proposed by Mermet [2007] lies in between “wild democracy” and “bred democracy”.

PL

Rozwój projektu obywatelskiej partycypacji we Francji prowadzi do zbadania znanego z literatury „tropizmu proceduralnego” [Mazaud, 2011]. Proceduralizacja obywatelskiego uczestnictwa urzeczywist niana za pośrednictwem ustalonych i st andardowych pomysłów, kontro lowana pr zez publiczne lub administr acyjne instytucje, jest w ost atnich latach najważniejszym faktem społecznym. Celem tego artykułu jest ocena widocznych efektów instytucjonalizacji i proceduralizacji partycypacji obywatelskiej w publicznej akcji we Francji. Proces instytucjonalizacji powoduje co najmniej dwa rodzaje skutków. Wg Fourniau i Blondiaux [2011] przede wszystkim ona „współgra z pojawieniem się zmiany społecznej o szerokiej skali”. Przejawy partycypacji są często lokalizowane w ograniczonym czasie. Fung [2003] nazywa je „mini public”. Nie prowadzą do szerokiej deliberacji i do konkretnej formy, pozwalającej na rzetelną ekspresję obywateli. Do innych skutków należy to, że proceduralizacja zazwyczaj umożliwia kontrolowanie partycypacji przez władze. Ich siła, spotkania publiczne i sposoby działania redukują marg ines niepewności, co prowadzi do utrzymania otwartej debaty i wolności słowa. W ten sposób podkreślono wagę instytucjonalizacji i jej polityczne skutki dla debaty publicznej [Revel, 2007]. Czy możemy sądzić, że kształt projektu partycypacji przyczynia się do zdefiniowania publiczności i form partycypacji? Mermet [2007] zaproponował określenie debaty publicznej jako opozycji między „dziką” (spontaniczną) demokracją i „bred” (konstruowaną) demokracją.

8

Non-Formal Adult Education: Challenges and Prospectsof 21st Century

75%

OGIENKO O., TERENKO O.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 2

169-174

EN

The article defines the essence and significance of adult non-formal education as an important component of the system of continuing education; analyzes changes in the definition of the phe-nomenon of non-formal adult education, its role and place in the knowledge society; emphasizes on the importance of development of mechanisms for validation of results of non-formal and informal adult education, training of and ragogues; outlines perspectives of its development.

9

Prawnoustrojowa instytucjonalizacja opozycji politycznej - analiza porównawcza

75%

Matuszek K.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2022

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vol. 20

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issue 2

122-141

EN

The aim of this article was to analyze the condition of legal (direct) institutionalization of political opposition in contemporary states, as well as to specify and organize solutions that are used in this process. The elaboration hypothesized that current conditio of knowledge on this subject is out of date, and legal institutionalization, including its constitutionalization, becomes more and more common phenomenon. To solve the research problem and verify the hypothesis, the content analysis and comparative methods are used during research. The source base were normative acts, monographs and collective studies as well as scientific articles. The result of the analysis showed that the direct institutionalization of the political opposition is more and more frequent phenomenon, concerning also states with rich democratic traditions.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu było przeanalizowanie stanu prawnej (bezpośredniej) instytucjonalizacji opozycji politycznej we współczesnych państwach, a także wyszczególnienie i uporządkowanie rozwiązań, jakie stosowane są w tym procesie. W opracowaniu postawiono hipotezę, że obecny stan wiedzy na ten temat jest nieaktualny, a prawna instytucjonalizacja, w tym jej konstytucjonalizacja, staje się zjawiskiem coraz powszechniejszym. W celu rozwiązania problemu badawczego i zweryfikowania hipotezy w trakcie badań skorzystano z metody analizy treści i metody porównawczej. Bazę źródłową stanowiły akty normatywne, monografie i opracowania zbiorowe oraz artykuły naukowe. Wynik analizy pokazał, że bezpośrednia instytucjonalizacja opozycji politycznej jest zjawiskiem coraz częstszym, obejmującym również państwa o bogatych tradycjach demokratycznych.

10

Współpraca regionalna pomiędzy Polską a Szwecją

75%

Frączek A.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

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2014

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vol. 11

117-127

EN

Poland and Sweden have common interests in frames of the Baltic region. Co-operation in the subregion framework of the Cooperation of the Baltic Sea contri-buted to get the observer status at the Committee of the Regions of the European Union. Both Poland and Sweden, seeing as the great importance for the regional co-operation they have initiatives about local character, activity aimed at increasing financing these projects from national budgets took. For the development of the that kind of cooperation they remained the obstacle differences in the autonomy and the degree of the self-reliance of individual regions of the countries. Only an introduction of the so-called new neighbourhood policy, contributed for more effective leading the regional policy.

11

Conceptual Bases, Principles And Scenarios Of The Modelling Of Environmental Safety In The System Of Sustainable Development

75%

Obikhod A.

MIND Journal

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2017

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issue 4

1-15

EN

The scientific study is devoted to the development of conceptual bases, principles and scenario of the modelling of environmental safety in the system of sustainable development. The study considers artificiality, structural instability, quantifiability and duality of environmental safety. Factor and time components of safety determined according to the modified stochastic approach are also disclosed. They interpret the dependence of the environmental competitiveness of the region on the level of environmental hazard (component by component), innovation and investment activity aimed at improving the state of the environment. The authors of the paper argue that safety modelling, in view of institutional transformations (or responses), characterizes the level of response to challenges, taking into account the analysis of environmental safety issues in the system of sustainable development, the state of legal mechanisms, the struggle against threats and risks, etc. In the light of the aforementioned, an econometric model of the period and change in the dependence of the ecological competitiveness of the territory on the level of environmental hazard, innovation and investment activities aimed at improving the state of the environment is developed. The obtained results of the modelling, based on modified stochastic approach using real information that quantitatively reflects the features of such processes, prove a significant influence of genetic factors on competitiveness.

12

The institutionalization of practice: a processual perspective on value co-creation

75%

Zofia P.-W.

Economics and Business Review

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2016

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vol. 2(16)

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issue 2

EN

Drawing on the processual perspective in management this article explores the process of the institutionalization of new practice in the context of value co-creation. The Service-Dominant logic perspective places the notion of value creation in the interaction between an organization and its customers. Therefore the contemporary research stream shows a bias towards the notion of a customer as a crucial contributor and beneficiary in the value creation process [Vargo and Lusch 2006a, 2008]. Following recent calls for research with a holistic approach it may be assumed that there is an underdeveloped processual perspective on value co-creation that offers a cognitive framework of routines and activities performed on an everyday basis within the Giddensian structuration theory. Using the Giddensian theory value co-creation can be perceived as a platform for the adoption of new practices. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of value co-creation processes in the context of initiating and institutionalizing of new practice in an organization. A comparative case study was carried out which illustrates the thesis that spontaneous actions form an important category of initiating change within the everyday use of value co-creation.

13

Instytucjonalizacja zarządzania nieruchomościami mieszkaniowymi w Polsce

75%

Nalepka A.

Świat Nieruchomości

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2014

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issue 2(88)

33-38

EN

Residential property management is a peculiar task. The specificity of residential property management is primarily due to legal regulations, related to heterogeneous quality of housing, and varied housing tenure. Moreover, continuous usage of housing space by occupants requires a constant and uninterrupted supply of specific services. The aim of the study was to analyse major problems connected to residential property management, and to describe entities responsible for housing stock management in Poland.

PL

Zarządzanie nieruchomościami mieszkaniowymi jest specyficznym zadaniem. Specyfika zarzadzania nieruchomościami mieszkaniowymi wynika przede wszystkim z regulacji prawnych, jakim podlegają lokale mieszkalne i różne pod względem własności rodzaje mieszkań oraz z faktu ciągłego przebywania w nich użytkowników, co wymaga nieprzerwanego dostarczania do mieszkań określonych usług. W opracowaniu poddano analizie problemy zarządzania nieruchomościami mieszkaniowymi oraz przedstawiono podmioty zarządzające nieruchomościami mieszkaniowymi w Polsce.

14

Formalization and Institutionalization of Research Institutes in the Police

75%

Tomaszycki K.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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vol. 17(17)

116-139

EN

Formalization and institutionalization of research institutions in the Police are processes and influence its functioning. Changing environment wield influence on the operations of institution and its cooperation with objects participating in solving decent crime problems. The article contains the literature analysis in the range of factors impacting these processes and the empirical analysis of researches in the range of factors shaping both processes in decent research environment.

15

Международная Экологическая Политика: Проблемы И Перспективы

75%

Khlobystov I., Zharova L.

MIND Journal

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2016

|

issue 2

1-15

EN

The methodological, organizational and managerial problems concerning the global environmental policy were represented in the paper. The peculiarities of implementation of global environmental policy in the European Union and Ukraine were analyzed and on the basis of this analysis the content and structure of the policy were structured. The attention was focused on institutional characteristics and factors of development of global environmental policy and its innovative potential in the framework of implementing the green economy and sustainable regional development priorities. Threats and opportunities of global environmental policy in the context of regional nature management and protection of natural resources and corporate responsibility and corporate governance were researched. The wide range of international organizations as part of global environmental policy was reviewed. Thesis about institutional imperfection of international environmental policy in Ukraine (the so-called "vacuum of institutions") was grounded. The ways of the organizational and managerial solutions to the identified problems were represented.

16

Віденський конгрес 1814-1815 рр.: інституціональний вердикт європейського політико-дипломатичного та суспільно-історичного розвитку

75%

Tsivatyi V.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2016

|

issue 25

EN

The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) as a important historical event for political and diplomatic and institutional development of Europe is analized at the article. The attention paid to the diplomatic tools, national specifics and peculiarities of negotiations on the Congress of European countries. Results of the Congress of Vienna served as an important stimulus for the further socio-economic, security, political and diplomatic European development. Practical achievements of the Congress of Vienna and the experience gained by European diplomacy of the late XVIII - early XIX century determined the future institutional development of world diplomacy, foreign policy and international law, not losing its relevance for today.

17

Dziedzictwo IRE: współczesny model samoorganizacji dziennikarzy śledczych na świecie

71%

Adamczyk W.

Przegląd Politologiczny

|

2015

|

issue 1

173-186

EN

The article is an attempt to answer the question about the impact of the Investigative Reporters and Editors` organizational model on associations of investigative journalists emerging from decades across the world. The author discusses the development of investigative reporters organizations associating muckrakers in different countries. In particular, adopted forms of action and goals of these associations were discussed. The growing number and the global nature of this phenomenon leads to the institutionalization of investigative journalism in the world. There were described selected organizations in the article, particularly those which decided to adopt the model developed by the IRE. In relation to other journalists’ associations author points out the reasons for rejection formula developed by the muckrakers from USA.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie o wpływ modelu organizacyjnego Investigative Reporters and Editors na powstające od kilku dekad na całym świecie stowarzyszenia dziennikarzy śledczych. Autor omawia rozwój struktur zrzeszających reporterów dochodzeniowych w różnych państwach, w szczególności przyjętych przez nie form działania oraz celów. Rosnąca liczba oraz globalny charakter tego zjawiska prowadzi do instytucjonalizacji dziennikarstwa śledczego na świecie. Scharakteryzowane zostały w artykule wybrane organizacje, w szczególności te, które zaadaptowały model wypracowany przez IRE. W odniesieniu do pozostałych stowarzyszeń dziennikarskich autor wskazuje na przyczyny odrzucenia formuły wypracowanej przez amerykańskich muckrakerów.

18

Precarious Locations: Feminist Co-optation and Strategies of Resistance in the Neoliberal Age

71%

Ana A.

Praktyka Teoretyczna

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2018

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vol. 30

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issue 4

PL

Gdy kobiety zyskały możliwość wpływania na politykę za pośrednictwem oficjalnych kanałów, postulaty feministek dotyczące sprawiedliwości społecznej zaczęto realizować w Rumunii poprzez zinstytucjonalizowane formy interwencji politycznej. Instytucjonalizację i profesjonalizację ruchu feministycznego powszechnie kojarzono z feministycznymi i kobiecymi organizacjami pozarządowymi współpracującymi z rządowymi organami do spraw równości płci w celu realizacji postulatów ruchu i osiągnięcia sukcesu w sferze polityki. Podczas gdy niektórzy badacze zawracali uwagę na korzyści płynące z przenikania idei i praktyk feministycznych do struktury państwa, inni uważali, że organizacje pozarządowe czynią ruch feministyczny podatnym na kooptację, przyczyniając się do jego demobilizacji i odpolitycznienia. Koncepcja kooptacji odzwierciedla dylematy, przed którymi stoją współczesne ruchy feministyczne. Dylematy te dotyczą przesuwania celów ruchu, które mogą być dostosowane do innych priorytetów i programów – czasami działając na niekorzyść ruchu i w sprzeczności z pierwotnymi celami, szczególnie gdy staną się częścią oficjalnych kanałów politycznych. Zależność feministycznych grup i organizacji pozarządowych od funduszy państwowych lub prywatnych jest również powiązana z kooptacją ruchu. Jak budować ruch na krytycznych analizach koncepcji kooptacji bez jednoczesnego kwestionowania wagi działań i wysiłków aktywistów feministycznych i organizacji pozarządowych jako legitymizujących programy polityczne państwowych lub prywatnych darczyńców? Badanie to ma na celu, po pierwsze, wyjaśnienie napięć powstałych w wyniku kooptacji i związanych z dylematem bycia wewnątrz/na zewnątrz, przed którym stoi współczesny ruch feministyczny. Po drugie, celem autorki artykułu jest zbadanie strategii przeciwstawienia się lub zarządzania kooptacją opracowanych przez ruch feministyczny. Do analizy procesu kooptacji, a zwłaszcza wywoływanych przez ów proces napięć i powstałych wopozycji do niego strategii oporu, w tekście wykorzystano literaturę NGO-izacji i przedstawiono empiryczne dowody pochodzące z badań nad rumuńskim ruchem feministycznym.

EN

As women gained access to influence politics through official channels, the social justice concerns of feminist activists started to be pursued in Romania through institutionalized forms of political intervention. The institutionalization and professionalization of the feminist movement were widely associated with feminist and women NGOs collaborating with governmental gender equality bodies to advance movement goals and achieve policy success. While some scholars insisted on the benefits of infusing feminist ideas and practices within the state, others considered that NGOization made the feminist movement susceptible of co-optation contributing to its demobilization and depoliticization. The concept of co-optation reflects the dilemmas faced by contemporary feminist movements regarding the displacement of feminist goals and concerns that might be adapted to other priorities and agendas – sometimes adverse and conflicting with the original aims – once they become part of the official political channels of decision-making. The resource dependency of feminist NGOs and groups on state or private funds is also associated with the co-optation of movement organizations. With this in mind, how does one build on critical analyses around the concept of co-optation without disbanding the actions and efforts of feminist activists and NGOs as legitimating the policy agendas of state or private donors? This study aims, first, to explain, the tensions engendered by co-optation and the insider/outsider dilemma facing the contemporary feminist movement and, second, to explore the strategies developed by the feminist movement to resist or govern co-optation. In order to explore the process of co-optation, especially the tensions and strategies of resistance engendered by it, the paper uses the NGOization body of literature and provides empirical evidence from research on the Romanian feminist movement.

19

Pułapki rewolucji kadrowej

63%

Kwiatkowski M.

Prakseologia

|

2017

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vol. 159

207-235

PL

Artykuł dotyczy radykalnych zmian w polityce kadrowej, które nastąpiły po wyborach parlamentarnych w 2015 roku. Zasadniczym celem jest próba ustalenia ich konsekwencji z punktu widzenia sprawności instytucji publicznych. W świetle koncepcji instytucjonalizacji reguł merytokracji kadrowej, obniżenie wymogów dotyczących kwalifikacji kandydatów oraz otwarcie drogi do stanowisk publicznych nominatom partyjnym, może spowodować szereg niekorzystnych efektów. Zostały one tutaj opisane jako trojakiego rodzaju „pułapki rewolucji kadrowej”: pułapka partykularyzmu, masowego klientelizmu i nieciągłości instytucjonalnej.

EN

The article concerns radical changes in personnel policy that followed the parliamentary elections in 2015. The main objective is to determine the consequences from the point of view of the efficiency of public institutions. In the light of the concept of institutionalization of the rule of meritocracy, lowering requirements for candidates and opening the way to the public positions for the party activists, can cause a range of adverse effects. They have been described here as the threefold „staffing revolution traps”: particularism, mass clientelism and institutional discontinuity.

20

Zmiana systemu partyjnego jako kategoria badań politologicznych

63%

Myshlyayev T.

Facta Simonidis

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2013

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vol. 6

|

issue 1

9-26

EN

Article is devoted to the study of the concept of party system change in the contemporary political science. The aim of the paper is to determine the essence of the party system change and its role in the process of political transformation. The article deals with the specifics of changes in different party systems. A lot of attention is devoted to the influence the socio-political divisions have on the formation of a party system. The author presents the cases when the actual change in the party system has taken place and where it has not. It is stressed that parties are the main components of the party system, and the evolution of the party system is a function of the changes that occur in the parties.

PL

Artykuł traktuje o kategorii zmiany systemu partyjnego we współczesnej politologii. Celem pracy jest ustalenie istoty procesu zmian systemu partyjnego i jego roli w warunkach transformacji politycznej. Określono specyfikę zmian różnych rodzajów systemów partyjnych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wpływ czynnika podziałów socjopolitycznych na proces kształtowania się systemu partyjnego. Starano się zbadać, w jakim przypadku ma się do czynienia ze zmianą systemu partyjnego a w jakim nie. Podkreślono, że system partyjny kładzie nacisk na partie jako główne elementy składowe, a ewolucja systemu partyjnego jest funkcją zmian, które zachodzą w samych partiach.

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