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EN
Psychoeducation is being used in many areas of life today. In addition to development stimulation and promotion of health and prevention, it has also been used in the rehabilitation of people with disabilities and in the treatment of patients with chronic diseases as well as with mental disorders.Especially in the case of mental disorders it is necessary to integrate psychological, psychiatric and pedagogical activities. It can be said, that psychoeducation is the platform of practical integration of the aforementioned disciplines. Psychoeducational activities complete the process of treatment and rehabilitation, and in the case of mental disorders are an integral part of therapy. Psychoeducation in the treatment of people with mental disorders is treated as a form of psychological help. It is designed for patients and their families and friends. Its goal is not only to increase the knowledge about the disease and its treatment but also, or more specifically to develop all skills that will successfully deal with the condition of the disease, recognize ones feelings, reduce stress, and improve communication with the doctor,etc. In addition, psychoeducation is a permanent element of holistic rehabilitation of people with disabilities. For example, psychoeducation of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder has the role of supporting the development of executive skills, self-help skills, independence, communication skills and interpersonal skills. Therefore, in summary psychoeducation includes different areas of functioning, that fall within the framework of skills development and knowledge acquisition.
EN
The subject of the study is the solidarity clause introduced into the EU law system by the Treaty of Lisbon. Currently, it is in the article 222 the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The aim of the study is to show its history, legal basis in the treaty regulations and in the secondary law and the way it operates. The work also shows the concerns and obstacles in its application. Particularly, the attention has been paid to its possible conflict with the concept of the sovereignty of the Member States. As a research hypothesis, the assumption has been made that the solidarity clause is a great opportunity for greater European integration by cooperating in the situations of threat to the security of the society in one of the Member States. As a final conclusion, it should be assumed that the solidarity clause is an important instrument of the Union’s security policy. The method of dogmatic analysis of the law and the descriptive method were applied in the work.
PL
Przedmiotem opracowania jest klauzula solidarności wprowadzona do systemu prawa unijnego traktatem lizbońskim. Obecnie znajduje się ona w art. 222 Traktatu o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej (TFUE). Celem opracowania jest ukazanie jej historii, podstaw prawnych w prawie traktatowym i wtórnym oraz sposobu jej funkcjonowania. W pracy zostały też ukazane obawy i przeszkody w jej stosowaniu. Szczególna uwaga została poświęcona jej ewentualnemu konfliktowi z koncepcją suwerenności państw członkowskich. Jako hipotezę badawczą przyjęto założenie, że klauzula solidarności jest ogromną szansą na większą ingerencję europejską poprzez współdziałanie w sytuacjach zagrażających bezpieczeństwu społeczeństwa jednego z państw członkowskich. Należy przyjąć wniosek końcowy, iż klauzula solidarności jest ważnym instrumentem polityki bezpieczeństwa unijnego. W pracy została zastosowana metoda analizy dogmatycznej przepisów prawa oraz metoda opisowa.
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