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EN
The current requirements of the constantly changing needs of the market, forcing companies to look for innovative ways to improve its competitive position. Innovation is a key element in the competitiveness of enterprises, but requires scientific advice to the detailed design and effective implementation of planned activities. In this paper authors raise the issue of knowledge transfer between business practice and representatives of the science and research, carried out on the basis of test results.
EN
Article’s aim is the critical analysis of the literature and case study of the knowledge transfer issue into Opolskie Voivodship by foreign investment of the hi-tech sector. To illustrate such undertaken problem the role and a place of knowledge transfer and high technologies sector as the factor having an impact on development of the region was discussed. Enterprises — foreign investors — are the source of the knowledge for human capital of the region, and because of that for enterprises of the region. There also will be pointed the practical example from Opolskie Voivodship, at the base of knowledge transfer by hi-tech enterprise into Opolskie Voivodship. After such stated analysis it is possible to state that foreign investment of hi-tech sector and knowledge transfer to region being their consequence, constitute actual field of scientific interests. As the pro-innovative action it is simultaneously the field of the mutual cooperation of hi-tech sector and regional economy. Interactions of these subjects are important not only from the point of view of mutual benefits, such as knowledge transfer by the side of regional economy and economic benefits, including those connected to regional human capital, by the side of hi-tech sector. Thus foreign investment of that sector can be pointed as the source of innovation, know-how and knowledge transfer, but also as the engines of social and economic changes in the region.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu krytyczną analizę literatury oraz studium przypadku transferu wiedzy do województwa opolskiego poprzez inwestycje dokonywane przez zagraniczne przedsiębiorstwa sektora wysokich technologii. Dla zobrazowania podjętego problemu omówione zostały rola i miejsce transferu wiedzy jako czynnika mającego wpływ na rozwój regionu oraz na sektor wysokich technologii. Zaliczane do tego sektora przedsiębiorstwa — inwestorzy zagraniczni — stanowią źródło wiedzy dla kapitału ludzkiego regionu, a przez to dla przedsiębiorstw regionu. Podjęty temat zaprezentowany został także w ujęciu praktycznym, na podstawie przykładu transferu wiedzy przez przedsiębiorstwo wysokich technologii do województwa opolskiego (case study). Przeprowadzone analizy wskazują, że inwestycje zagraniczne sektora wysokich technologii i wynikający z nich transfer wiedzy do regionu powinny być ważnym problemem naukowym. Tak rozumiane działanie proinnowacyjne jest także obszarem dwustronnej współpracy: omawianego sektora i gospodarki regionu. Jego następstwem są obustronne korzyści ekonomiczne, w tym związane z regionalnym kapitałem ludzkim, po stronie sektora hi-tech. Tym samym inwestycje zagraniczne tego sektora mogą zostać wskazane jako źródło innowacji, transferu wiedzy i know-how, ale i jako motory zmian społecznych i ekonomicznych w regionie.
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EN
The article is regarding the issue of the knowledge management at local government. It’s contents are focusing on the diagnosis in theoretical as well as practical perspective possibilities of managing decks of the knowledge in local government units. The subject brought up in this article is appealing for the experiment to transfer tools of both the attempt at the identification and the knowledge management in the private sector to the level of activities of the local government. This article constitutes this way the attempt to draw the improvements in the sphere of functioning of local government structures using layers like open and hidden knowledge for gain this goal and also putting appropriate approach at the management. Presented in this text approach, constitutes about the possibilities of improving the effectiveness of activities local government units by appealing to decks of knowledge local governments have.
EN
The knowledge-based economy analyzes economic organization and development when the creation, distribution and use of knowledge become decisive factors. To become a successful knowledge economies, countries must act simultaneously on their education base, their innovation systems and their information and communication technology infrastructure, while also building a high-quality eco-nomic and institutional regime. The institutions for higher education are the main figures for the successful transition to a knowledge based economy and society. Their cooperation activities with the neighboring countries and the countries within their wider vicinity are an important priority for breaking the university isolation from what happens in the civil society, as well as the other structural problems, like the outdated curricula and skills of teachers. This paper focuses on international scientific networks as an example of tool created in order to stimulate the use of new knowledge. The main objective of the paper is to identify: 1) the knowledge creation and transfer processes in ISC 2) influence of that processes on the participants of the ISC. The methodology utilized in this study is qualitative and exploratory. Results of research shows the process of knowledge creation and transfer on the example of NetAware Intensive Programme and the project evaluation results.
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PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest prezentacja możliwości i uwarunkowań wykorzystywania wiedzy i doświadczenia osób w wieku 50 lat i więcej w przedsiębiorstwach oraz ich otoczeniu. Zaprezentowano specyfikę procesów coachingu i mentoringu. Omówiono możliwości włączenia w takie formy transferu wiedzy specjalistów w wieku okołoemerytalnym.
EN
The main aim of the article is to present how the knowledge, skills and experience of persons aged 50+ can be used in companies and other institutions. The specificity of coaching and mentoring processes has been discussed, as well as possibilities of involving persons aged 50 years and more in them.
EN
Currently, we are witnessing the second la belle epoque characterised by huge economic and social inequalities. Striving for a good state of society aims to reduce the inequalities conditioned by access to knowledge. One of the methods to reach this goal can consist of the conscious shaping of knowledge transfer between particular groups of knowledge agents. representing diverse, often overlapping, social and organisational categories. The purpose of this study is to check what sub-processes of knowledge transfer are implemented in specific groups of knowledge agents and what their context is from the perspective of the tools used, the main principles and the standards of behaviour. The main research hypothesis is that the course of knowledge transfer process depends on the fact of which groups of knowledge agents it concerns. Using the method of critical analysis and surveys supported by in-depth interviews, it was determined that knowledge sharing is the domain of professionals and the intergenerational dimension of knowledge transfer. Knowledge acquisition is most often carried out at the level of specialists' relations with other employees and at the intergenerational level. Knowledge sharing is a domain of specialists, and usually takes place during their contacts with other employees, while knowledge dissemination is the prime sub-process of the hierarchical dimension of knowledge transfer.
EN
The main purpose of the paper is R&D expenditures analysis at the level of Poland’s voivodships. First, the significance of R&D expenditures in development of region competitiveness is considered. Next, intramural expenditures on R&D by NACE 2007 sections and by fields of science in particular are examined within a voivodship perspective. Subsequently, a comparison of R&D expenditures between Poland’s voivodships is conducted. Particular attention is paid to such variables as: persons employed in R&D per 1000 economically active persons, units with research and development activity by sectors of performance, intramural expenditures on R&D per capita, extramural expenditures on R&D and intramural expenditures on R&D in the business enterprises sector. The study is based on cluster analysis, which provided a cluster distance matrix and is based on data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland — Local Data Bank.
PL
Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest diagnoza nakładów B+R w perspektywie województw w Polsce. W pierwszej kolejności podjęto rozważania nad znaczeniem nakładów na B+R w rozwoju konkurencyjności regionu. Następnie przeprowadzono badania nad poziomem nakładów wewnętrznych na B+R według klasyfikacji NACE 2007 oraz według dziedzin nauki w płaszczyźnie poszczególnych województw. Ponadto, dokonano porównania polskich województw w aspekcie nakładów na B+R. W tym zakresie szczególną uwagę położono na takie zmienne, jak: liczba zatrudnionych osób w obszarze B+R na 1000 osób aktywnych zawodowo, jednostki aktywne badawczo według sektorów wykonawczych, nakłady wewnętrzne na B+R per capita, nakłady zewnętrzne na B+R przekazane przedsiębiorstwom. W badaniach posłużono się metodą taksonomii wrocławskiej, która pozwoliła na stworzenie macierzy odległości. Podstawowym źródłem danych były informacje pochodzące z Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego — Banku Danych Lokalnych.
EN
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the creation of university's potential for knowledge transfer to the business environment. The analysis will be presented in the system inspired by the model proposed by Tidd, Bessant and Pavitt [2005] which is as follows: (i) generating knowledge (ii) searching for and identifying knowledge, (iii) evaluating and selecting ides, (iv) implementing in practice. Each stage creates different challenges for the university's operations (also the final stage, which is not generally carried out by the university), which will be included in the analysis. The results of the theoretical analysis are referred to the results of the research concerning knowledge transfer practices among universities in Lodz. A total of thirty-five cases of knowledge transfer practices were included in the analysis. The analysis conducted in 2010 and 2011 covered types of practices, the initiative of carrying out practices, their duration, the nature of practices, their subject scope and impact as well as risks and benefits associated with implementing knowledge transfer practices. The preliminary exploration, interviews and innovation studies conducted indicate that the analysis covered a vast majority of such practices, which means that it is representative of the Lodz region.
EN
Objectives: The main objectives of this paper are to determine the conditions of the transfer of knowledge in municipal enterprises, to identify the subprocesses of knowledge transfer along with the methods used in their implementation, and to determine the rules for knowledge transfer recommended for use in municipal enterprises. Research Design & Methods: The literature studies method, the critical analysis method and a case study was used with the support of surveys and in-depth interviews. Findings: It was found that in the studied organisation – Cracow Waterworks – there are favourable conditions for knowledge transfer. One takes actions aiming at shaping organisational culture based on mutual trust, focused on promotion and support of transfers, including knowledge sharing. It seems that the management, in its daily organisational behaviour and actual attitudes, meets standards and values focused on team forms of work organisation, the creation of a supportive atmosphere, respect for the rule of reciprocity, promoting altruistic attitude in sharing knowledge, and building positive the reputation of a given employee. Indisputably, these phenomena are catalysed by a sense of safety of employment and average job seniority. Implications / Recommendations: Main recommendations for the surveyed organisation (Cracow Waterworks) are to focus on acquiring knowledge from outside the organisation and sharing, especially tacit knowledge. It was noticed that in the studied municipal company knowledge is shared only through direct interactions, most often through individual and direct contact, often in the form of tacit knowledge. More efforts are needed to expand the organisational level of knowledge sharing - here support can be sought via technical solutions, preserving the context of motivational system and the organisational culture. A reliable social and technical infrastructure of the knowledge environment should also be built. Another important challenge should be to construct a system of knowledge transfer that takes into account its inter-organisational dimension. It is recommended to shape an appropriate organisational culture – culture promoting knowledge – and create an appropriate context for the implementation of this process with the participation of knowledge. Contribution / Value Added: Taking into account the conditions of operation of municipal enterprises, general principles and detailed guidelines have been formulated to support the effective implementation of the knowledge transfer process in these specific organisations operating in the special context of municipal management.
EN
This article presents the results of a research conducted within the European IRNet Project. In the research, the place and role of the distance learning technologies in the knowledge transfer system of a modern university were described. The main goal of the article is to describe the results of the data domain analysis concerning the possibility of development and introduction of the academic massive open online courses (MOOC) platform. The authors identified the architecture and main functional requirements to the academic MOOC platform as an effective tool to optimise the processes of knowledge transfer in the system of teacherstudent.
EN
Our study contributes to a limited body of literature and aims to examine the type and frequency of linkages between creative industries and higher education institutions (HEIs). The objective of our study is to investigate the extent to which various types of linkages contribute to enhanced innovative capabilities in creative industries. Based on a qualitative research design and a case study carried out in a peripheral south-western Norwegian county, our empirical analysis shows that HEIs are generally not very relevant partners and that other actors are mainly involved in innovation dynamics. As clarified and discussed in the paper, this finding largely depends on some specific characteristics of HEIs, the form of knowledge primarily employed by creative firms (symbolic knowledge base), and the cultural divergence between the two spheres.
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The aim of the article is to define the communication and knowledge management role in the customer–supplier relationship with particular emphasis on IT knowledge outsourcing. Another aim is the verification of the following search hypotheses: (a) in the classical outsourcing contract there is no critical knowledge transfer (this is not the aim of an outsourcing project); (b) outsourcing should be supplemented with key knowledge transfer in both directions: from the client to the vendor and from the vendor to the client; (b) outsourcing based on key knowledge transfer is an essential instrument of creation and business development of virtual organization based on knowledge. The result of the research will be models of information and knowledge transfer in IT outsourcing relationship. The authors will show the potential areas of application IT outsourcing, IT knowledge outsourcing and the benefits of such projects in the context of knowledge management.
EN
This article elaborates an existence of a positive effect of the use of mobile technologies by managers, according to their competences, on the efficiency of explicit knowledge transfer in a manufacturing company. It focuses on the set of the competences of managers, who use the mobile technologies in manufacturing companies and is based on a survey and data obtained from 119 Polish manufacturing enterprises. This article develops a framework of how managers can determinate the knowledge transfer in a manufacturing company and further discusses the research results.
EN
The main goal of the paper is to identify the determinants of knowledge transfer in a region on the basis of literature studies. The paper begins by discussion of the concept of knowledge transfer and its importance to regional development. Then it focuses on transfer of knowledge, with regard in particular to the triple-helix model. It also indicates the concept of success in the processes of knowledge transfer. A section of the paper contains a discussion of the determinants of transfer of knowledge in a region. The basis for recognition of the determinants in question were literature studies. On these grounds evidences were found to suggest that knowledge transfer in a region is determined by heterogeneous factors. The findings provide the basis for developing practical advice on effective knowledge transfer practices.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie czynników determinujących transfer wiedzy w regionie w oparciu o badania literaturowe. Artykuł rozpoczyna się dyskusją na problematyką wiedzy i jej znaczeniem w rozwoju regionu. Następnie w artykule skupiono się na zagadnieniu transferu wiedzy, przede wszystkim w kontekście modelu triple-helix. Zwrócono również uwagę na kwestie związane z powodzeniem transferu wiedzy. Istotną część artykułu zajmują zagadnienia dotyczące czynników wpływających na transfer wiedzy w regionie. Identyfikacja wspomnianych czynników przeprowadzona została na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu. W oparciu o przeprowadzone badania literaturowe można stwierdzić, że transfer wiedzy w regionie uwarunkowany jest szeregiem różnorodnych czynników. Zidentyfikowanie wspomnianych czynników wpływać może na zwiększenie efektywności rzeczywistych procesów związanych z transferem wiedzy.
EN
Inter-sectoral cooperation is one the most important elements of contemporary, territorially-focused policy. Deriving from the conditions shaped by the environment, on a global-scale as well, local actors should join forces by investing in the resources determining today’s’ development – knowledge and human capital – in the most effective way. However, internal national or regional conditions very often do not allow for efficient adaptation of development mechanisms. By narrowing the area of analysis to the relationships between territorial self-government and non-governmental organizations, this paper is an attempt to answer the question as to the scale and scope, in Polish conditions, public-social partnerships are being built. The analysis concerns the institutions involved in the investment in knowledge and human capital operating in the region of Lodz.
PL
Współpraca międzysektorowa jest jednym z ważniejszych postulatów aktualnie promowanej polityki ukierunkowanej terytorialnie. Wykorzystując warunki otoczenia, również tego o charakterze globalnym, lokalni gracze powinni jednoczyć siły inwestując w czynniki w największym stopniu determinujące rozwój — czyli w wiedzę i kapitał ludzki. Często jednak wewnętrzne uwarunkowania kraju czy regionu nie pozwalają na sprawną adaptację mechanizmów rozwojowych, nawet jeśli zostały one już przetestowane w innych przestrzeniach. Zawężając obszar analizy do relacji na płaszczyźnie: samorząd terytorialny — organizacje sektora pozarządowego, w pracy postawiono więc pytanie w jakiej skali w polskich warunkach budowane są partnerstwa publiczno-społeczne oraz jaki jest ich zakres. Analiza dotyczy instytucji zajmujących się w swojej działalności inwestowaniem w wiedzę i kapitał ludzki. Badania zostały zrealizowane na przykładzie regionu łódzkiego.
EN
Nowadays, there is a great focus on the effects of cooperation between different entities. Creating social, economic and organizational relationships has become a fundamental reference of the modern innovative economy. An important fact is that connections between different economic entities are becoming more and more significant and can be seen as an instrument of solving economic problems. Business environment institutions influence economic development through supporting entrepreneurship, and consequently play a significant role in the socio-economic development of a country. Bearing that in mind, the author aims to present the significant role of business environment institutions and their activities for enterprises in the present economy.
EN
The main purpose of the paper is the analysis of enterprises from Opolskie Voivodship in the context of their acquisition of European Union funds for knowledge transfer. First, the range of knowledge transfer in regional development is emphasized. Afterwards, an analysis is made of Opolskie Voivodship enterprises in the range of the major Operational Programme Innovative Economy priorities connected with knowledge transfer. Particular attention is paid to such priorities as: R&TD activities lead by research centers; technology transfer and improvement of the network of cooperation between SMEs, SMEs and other enterprises, universities and post-secondary schools, regional authorities, research centers and technology and research parks; support for R&TD development (especially in SMEs); and investment in enterprises connected especially with research and innovation. The study uses data from KSI SIMIK concerning the Operational Programme Innovative Economy.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza przedsiębiorstw województwa opolskiego w zakresie pozyskiwania środków unijnych na działania związane z transferem wiedzy. W pierwszej kolejności podjęto rozważania nad rangą transferu wiedzy w rozwoju regionu. Następnie dokonano analizy przedsiębiorstw Opolszczyzny w obszarze pozyskiwania środków na transfer wiedzy z Programu Operacyjnego Innowacyjna Gospodarka. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono następującym priorytetom: działalność B+RT prowadzona w ośrodkach badawczych; transfer technologii i udoskonalenie sieci współpracy między MŚP, między MŚP a innymi przedsiębiorstwami, uczelniami i wszelkiego rodzaju instytucjami na poziomie szkolnictwa pomaturalnego, władzami regionalnymi, ośrodkami badawczymi oraz biegunami naukowymi i technologicznymi; wsparcie na rzecz rozwoju B+RT, w szczególności w MŚP; inwestycje w przedsiębiorstwa bezpośrednio związane z dziedziną badan i innowacji. W badaniach posłużono się danymi pozyskanymi z systemu KSI SIMIK dla Programu Operacyjnego Innowacyjna Gospodarka.
EN
Systemic management of a local government unit lacks viewing the LGU as an economic entity which should actively use modern financial knowledge in its activity in order to stimulate active construction of an economic and social potential. It need’s to stimulate processes of building in local government structures a financial knowledge based on a modern understanding of LGU finance while considering the new challenges in finance which have been revealed after the subprime crisis, complemented with practical concepts based on New Public Management. Considering the progressing reforms of the national public finance system and the resulting consequences for shaping the financial management of the LGUs, and also globalisation processes and the dynamic development of the financial services’ market, it is natural to require managers of the local government subsector of public finance to have thorough financial knowledge – current and interdisciplinary knowledge that would most importantly be reliable and practice-based.
EN
This paper explores how attachment theory was adapted and further developed in socialist Czechoslovakia. It analyses the scientific discussions and the influence of the theory on state care policies, especially in residential childcare.
EN
The growing importance of the cooperation between enterprises and universities stems from the continuous search for new development sources and the need to ensure sustainable competitive advantages. However, research on the role of universities for service enterprises is still relatively rare. This article aims to identify the scope and character of cooperation between enterprises and universities, as well as the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards such cooperation. Based on empirical research carried out on the sample of 383 enterprises from the tourism industry, it was found that relatively high involvement (declared by 54.6% of entities) in relations with universities results mainly from the fact that they are based on less complex forms of transfer such as student internships or participation in conferences. It was also identified that the size and operating time significantly differentiate the use of academic knowledge in enterprises. The results show that service companies have a positive perception of cooperation with universities and definitely more often recognise the advantages of such collaboration. The most important of them is the increase in the employees' competences and image improvement due to universities' contacts. Intensifying the benefits of cooperation requires an increase in the importance of more advanced knowledge transfer mechanisms such as commissioned research or spin-off companies.
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