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EN
Nowadays it is hard to imagine a translator without a computer and Internet resources. The market is increasingly specialised, requiring not only proficient language and translation skills, but also advanced IT and localisation tools knowledge. At the same time, it is expected that university graduates enter the market with proper training, practical skills and technological background. Although Polish universities have been trying to make a step forward in this domain, there is still a considerable mismatch between the university offer and the prerequisites graduates have to fulfill in order to find a job. This problem has been raised by several researchers from Europe and beyond, some of which resulted in important changes in university curricula. The aim of this paper is to look at the European university offer, point to the lessons learned and provoke a general debate on the need for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary methodological approach that would fully correspond to the changing market reality and the possibilities of modern European universities.
EN
The anthropocentric theory of human languages proposed by F. Grucza, along with his theory of knowledge, make it explicit that knowledge is not passed on between people, but that each of us con­struct our knowledge on our own with the help of others. From the didactic point of view, this means teachers cannot pass their, nor anybody else's, knowledge on any student. In consequence, a redefinition of who the student and the teacher are in the translation classroom is indispensable. This paper provides the reader with a handful of solutions in this respect. The greatest emphasis is laid on the role of the student-teacher interaction, which is defined as pedagogically instrumental, on condition it is set in the task-oriented learning environment. A reason for this emphasis is that well-designed student-teacher in­teraction leads to a substantial growth in student's and teacher's autonomy, especially when supported by a well-defined system of assessment. The autonomy in question is a strategic feature, as its impact con­cerns not only the context of the translation classroom, but – first and foremost – student's and teacher's effective professional performance. As a case study, a newly designed course in interpreter education is discussed to show how its authors try to implement the ideas discussed in the paper.
EN
Acquisition of new terminology in a foreign language is one of fundamental challenges encountered by all translators. Next to the lexical level it is necessary to learn a necessary scope of professional knowledge, enabling the translator to use appropriately the newly acquired vocabulary that often refers to issues which are not known to him/her well even in a native language. The author of the paper deliberates on the methods of effective teaching of specialist language, including mainly legal and economic terminology, required from candidates for sworn translators. She proposes the task based learning consisting of practical translations of selected texts, representing typical genres of speech in the spheres of communication under discussion.
PL
Poznanie terminologii specjalistycznej w języku obcym jest jednym z podstawowych wyzwań dla każdego tłumacza. Obok warstwy leksykalnej konieczne jest także przyswojenie niezbędnego zakresu wiedzy merytorycznej, umożliwiającej tłumaczowi prawidłowe posługiwanie się nowym słownictwem, często dotyczącym kwestii niezbyt dobrze znanych nawet w języku ojczystym. Autorka zastanawia się nad metodami nauczania języka specjalistycznego, głównie terminologii prawniczej i ekonomicznej, wymaganej od kandydatów na tłumacza przysięgłego. Proponuje wykorzystanie podejścia zadaniowego w nabywaniu umiejętności tłumaczenia tekstów, reprezentujących typowe gatunki w omawianych sferach komunikacji.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie współczesnego dyskursu w dziedzinie dydaktyki przekładu rozwijającego się w triadzie przedmiotowej dyskusji naukowej, wpływu norm tłumaczeniowych oraz debaty ogólnoedukacyjnej. Dyskurs ten został omówiony na wybranych przykładach: badań naukowych nad oczekiwaniami rynku wobec tłumaczy (Optimale), normy PN‑‑ EN 15038 oraz modelu kompetencji EMT. Artykuł podkreśla znaczenie realizmu zawodowego w kształceniu tłumaczy, polemizuje jednak z redukcjonistycznym postrzeganiem istoty tłumaczenia jako umiejętności „świadczenia usług tłumaczeniowych”. Polemika zilustrowana jest wynikami badań empirycznych dotyczących percepcji modelu kompetencji EMT oraz analizą procedury rekrutacyjnej dla tłumaczy unijnych.
EN
The paper seeks to analyze the current discourse in the field of translator training, developing in a triad of academic discussion, impact of translation standards and general educational debate. The discourse is discussed from chosen perspectives: empirical research on market requirements concerning translators (Optimale), the EN 15038:2006 translation standard and the EMT competence model. The paper stresses the importance of professional realism in translator education yet argues with ascribing the “translation service provision” competence a superordinate role. The arguments advocating a broader approach, taking into account transferable skills, are illustrated with results of empirical research on the perception of the EMT competence model and an analysis of recruitment competitions for translators in the EU institutions.
EN
Growing international cooperation results in changing expectations of employers. Professional translators/interpreters who specialize in law, economy, accounting, etc. and are knowledgeable about various types of specialised communication are highly sought-after. In view of that translator/interpreter training has an ever increasing role to play. This paper discusses the characteristics of a particular type of translation, i.e. sight translation which actually falls between the categories of interpreting and translation. The aim of this paper is to characterise sight translation, enumerate the features which link it to written translation, consecutive and simultaneous interpretation, discuss pedagogical implications for sight translation teaching as well as highlight the potential benefits of application of sight translation in translator/interpreter training programes.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje model kompetencji tłumacza prawnego, zbudowany na wcześniejszych holistycznych i wieloskładnikowych paradygmatach makrokompetencji tłumaczeniowej. Obok opisu kompozycyjnego artykuł wskazują także na potrzebę w zintegrowanym rozwoju kompetencji tłumacza prawnego określonej metodologii interdyscyplinarnej służącej rozwiązywaniu problemów w praktyce. Podejście scalające proponowane w tekście skupia się na procesie i na tłumaczeniu prawnym i prawniczym. Wiedza i przekład prawny i prawniczy łączą i przeplatają się w procesie przekładu, począwszy od wstępnej analizy skoposu i makrokontekstualizacji prawnej aż do ostatniego etapu korekty. 
ES
Partiendo de anteriores paradigmas multicomponenciales holísticos de macrocompetencia traductora, se presenta un modelo de competencia en traducción jurídica que evita ciertas duplicaciones conceptuales en vista de la práctica profesional, e incorpora elementos de temática jurídica distintivos. Más allá de la descripción de componentes, se argumenta que el desarrollo integral de la competencia en traducción jurídica exige metodologías interdisciplinares específicas para la resolución de problemas prácticos. El enfoque integrador que se propone en el presente artículo está orientado al proceso y hace hincapié en los conocimientos especializados propios de la traducción jurídica incluidos en la subcompetencia metodológica o estratégica, subcompetencia clave que controla las demás. Los conocimientos traductológicos y jurídicos se entrelazan inextricablemente a lo largo del proceso traductor, desde el análisis del skopos y la macrocontextualización jurídica iniciales hasta la fase final de revisión. Este enfoque, concebido como un continuo metarreflexivo entre la adquisición y el fortalecimiento de competencias y entre la capacitación formal y la práctica profesional, ha resultado eficaz para sistematizar pautas de detección, categorización y resolución de problemas. Por último, a modo de conclusión, se esbozan algunas consideraciones sobre la formación en traducción jurídica.
EN
Building on previous holistic multicomponent paradigms of translation macrocompetence, a legal translation competence model is presented which avoids certain conceptual duplications in the light of professional practice, and incorporates distinctive legal thematic elements. Beyond component description, it is argued that the integral development of legal translation competence requires specific interdisciplinary methodologies for practical problem solving. The integrative approach proposed in this paper is process-oriented, and focuses on the legal translation-specific know-how within the key methodological or strategic subcompetence controlling all other subcompetences. Translation and legal knowledge are inextricably linked throughout the translation process, from the initial skopos analysis and legal macro-contextualization until the final revision stage. This approach, intended as a meta-reflection continuum between competence acquisition and reinforcement, and between formal training and professional practice, has proved effective for the systematization of problem-identification, problem-categorization and problem-solving patterns. Finally, some implications for legal translation training are outlined by way of conclusion.
EN
The purpose of the article is to present European norms aimed at improving the skills of translators working for various European Union Institutions. Although the norms have been widely discussed on the international level the author of the article feels that not all relevant information pertaining to the matter in hand may be known to the philologists worldwide. Therefore, the article provides further information on the criteria and puts special emphasis on discerning two basic aspects of improving translator's education; teaching translation competence as against developing linguistic competence.
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