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1

Stylizacja na język potoczny w tłumaczeniu kanadyjskiej dramaturgii mniejszościowej na przykładzie polskiej wersji sztuki La Défaite Georges’a Bugneta

100%

Czubińska M.

Między Oryginałem a Przekładem

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2015

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vol. 30

9-24

EN

Recourse to „oralité” in written texts, which is specific to the Francophone communities in Canada, poses a challenge to a translator who needs to reinvent the idiolects in the target language. The aim of this paper is to present translation methods proposed and applied by the translator so as to reproduce in Polish the contrasts present in the original discourse. As stylization is the main strategy used by the Polish translator of Georges Bugnet’s La Défaite, different types of stylization, its methods, purposes as well as the risks of the particular choice of stylization, especially in a context of drama translation, are to be determined and described.

2

Dimensionen sprachhistorischer Varietäten

100%

Biszczanik M.

Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia

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2012

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issue 20

109-119

EN

The paper is an attempt at a theoretical setting of the contemporary German language and its development in the multidimensional, spatial and diachronically approached spectrum of language development in general. The presented reflections are in particular centred on the so-called standard German language variety, its degree of abstractness or realness, as well as the interconnections between the standard variety, dialects and written varieties.

3

Pozice nespisovných variet ve stylu nové české literatury

89%

Mareš P.

Stylistyka

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2016

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vol. 25

219-227

EN

The tendency to operate freely with devices of all language varieties and with characteristic practices of various functional styles is one of the significant features of the literary style. This paper focuses on the vast use of non-standard language varieties, especially colloquial Czech, in modern Czech literary texts. In these texts, the elements of non-standard language occur not only as a means for creating the impression of authentic communication in everyday life, but also as a bearer of (both positive and negative) values and as a source of specific aesthetic qualities. In a short outline, the individual phases of the evolution of exploiting the non-standard language devices in Czech literary style are described and illustrated on textual examples.

4

Případy koexistence dvou variant romštiny na stejném území na Slovensku

88%

Lípa J.

Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

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2018

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issue 1

95-101

EN

In this article I want to present some observations on the parallel existence of two varieties of Romani in the same territory, even in the same village. I worked with Gypsies in Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1970. There is an almost general impression in Western Europe and in other continents that all Gypsies lead basically a nomadic way of life. In reality, in Eastern Europe where the majority of Gypsies are living, a substantial number of them had settled many generations ago and as a result have developed some features different from the Gypsies who have continued the nomadic way of life. Often, sedentary and nomadic Gypsies speak different varieties of Romani.

5

O terminach dotyczących odmian języka — ujęcie porównawcze

88%

Zarzycki Ł.

Kształcenie Językowe

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2014

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vol. 12 (22)

85 - 92

EN

Linguists use the term “local dialect” in order to relate to language which a person frequently used in the childhood during social interactions. It is worth pointing out that such language variation can meet with social disapproval since some speakers might prefer different language variation. It is sometimes a variation which is influenced by the written form. Therefore, the local dialect brings negative association when applied to the public speaking context. Speakers are frequently able to name a dialect they use but have a number of difficulties in deciding whether certain features of their speech are typical for a language or a dialect. These aspects will be discussed at the beginning of the article. Languages differ in different parts of the world but also because of gender, ethnic and socio-economic boundaries. Likewise, the language of working class people varies from the language of middle-class society. Women and men develop different patterns of language use. Some specific language varieties will also be discussed and compared in the article.

6

„Języki w języku”. Wieloodmianowość współczesnej niemczyzny w perspektywie potrzeb dydaktyki języka niemieckiego jako obcego w kształceniu akademickim w Polsce - zarys projektu badawczego

88%

Pieklarz-Thien M.

Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne

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2022

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issue 13

259-278

EN

This study presents a research project aiming at capturing and describing internal diversity and multi-variant nature of contemporary German in the light of demands of teaching German as a foreign language at universities in language degrees (German studies, applied linguistics, languages in business), where German is the first or second leading foreign language. The paper outlines the specific research questions and aims, the state of research in this area so far, the research design together with the associated research risks, and the research methods. The research project is situated at the intersection of the teaching of German as a foreign language and Germanic linguistics.

7

Is Dutch a Pluricentric Language with Two Centres of Standardization? An Overview of the Differences between Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch from a Flemish Perspective

75%

Louw R. d.

Werkwinkel

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2016

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vol. 11

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issue 1

113-135

EN

Dutch, a West-Germanic language, is spoken by approximately 23 million people worldwide. In Europe, it is the language of all of the Netherlands and the northern part of Belgium, called Flanders. It is often said that since the Dutch and the Flemish speak Dutch differently, they in fact speak two different languages - Netherlandic Dutch and Belgian Dutch (Flemish). Linguists, however, argue they are not necessarily two separate languages but rather two varieties - a Netherlandic and a Belgian variety - of the same language, Dutch. Since there are a substantial number of grammatical, lexical, phonetic and even spelling differences between Belgian and Netherlandic Dutch, the question is whether Dutch is a pluricentric language with two centres of standardization or not. By explaining the socio-historical background of the Dutch language and giving a comprehensive overview of the differences between Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch, this article attempts to answer the aforementioned (research) question.

8

Pluricentrism in Education and Communication – Lexical Differences in English and German Varieties – Outcomes of the Research

75%

Skubis I.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2022

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issue 4(138)

143-164

EN

The existence of language varieties has a considerable impact on communication. They influence the interaction between language users from various centres due to the number of linguistic differences observed on the level of phonetics, spelling, grammar, lexis, and pragmatics. On the one hand, pluricentric languages connect people from various centres by using the “same” language, and on the other hand, they separate them by developing national norms. This article aims to demonstrate the importance of teaching language varieties in foreign language classes because the knowledge of national norms of pluricentric languages is essential in communication with people from various centres. Both English and German are pluricentric languages. Advanced language users should be aware of the differences between language varieties and be able to use the appropriate variety according to the communicative situation. The research undertaken in this article is meant to verify the undergraduate students’ knowledge of English and German varieties, emphasising terminology used in everyday life and their abilities to communicate in languages other than English or German.

9

Jak polscy kaktusiarze "mówią" o swoich roślinach

63%

Kurdyła T.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2021

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vol. 21

PL

Hobbystyczna uprawa kaktusów w Polsce sięga XIX wieku, największy rozkwit przeżywała w latach 30. i 60. ubiegłego stulecia. Język kaktusiarzy wykształcił się w dwu odmianach, oficjalnej i potocznej, obu mocno nasyconych oficjalną terminologią botaniczną, przy czym w wariancie potocznym (internetowym) często pojawiają się synonimy żargonowe, spotocyzowane. Tworzy się je na drodze derywacji morfologicznej (dekompozycja i sufiksacja), rzadziej semantycznej. Metaforyka oraz kolokacje są nośnikiem językowego obrazu kaktusów, które jawią się ich hodowcom jako istoty niedorosłe, wymagające opieki, niemal jak dzieci (podobny obraz roślin w gwarach polskich). Wykształcenie tego emocjonalnego wariantu socjolektu jest zasługą głównie kobiet.

EN

The hobby cultivation of cacti in Poland dates back to the 19th century, but it flourished most in the 1930s and 1960s. The language of cactus growers has developed in two official and colloquial varieties, in both of which official botanical terminology predominates. In the colloquial variety, jargon synonyms often appear. They are created by morphological derivation (decomposition and suffixation); less often, they are usually created by semantic derivation. Imagery and collocations are carriers of the linguistic image of cacti, which appear to cactus growers as being immature and requiring care, like children (there is a similar image of plants in Polish dialects). Women are mainly responsible for the evolution of this emotional sociolect variant.

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