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EN
The politics in its nature is a process of making decisions. This approach emphasis on political leader who is responsible for defining a situation; formulation a plan of action and mobilize followers. Especially in Africa's context those problems are topical. Furthermore, a mosaic of cultures and religions imply wide deliberation on political leadership. It suggests to find that kind of theoretical concepts which are appropriate to analyses this vast subject. The article analyses three aspects. Firstly, focuses on the relation between political science and study on political leadership. Secondly, the attention is paid on leaders and followers motives for political participation. Finally, author defined political leadership and presents the most suitable theoretical concepts to analyses this topic in Africa's context. This sort of narrative is dictated by problems of diversity of Africa. The most useful theories showed answers for questions: is political leadership always sensible and affective; what kind of elements should be examines in analyses of political leadership; how features of person and a specificity of political system influence on political leaders; which cultures favour political leadership. All this problems are solved in this article. The conclusions allowed to formulate the basis elements for empirical examine.
EN
The main aim of the paper is to show an existential religious model of business leadership. We want to defend the thesis that leaders, who consider existing norms and regulations, have the greatest influence on how organisational aims are achieved. Thus, based on the concept of Kierkegaard’s modes of existence, we show that the individual values and motives of leaders’ behaviour influence the shape of the leadership itself as well as the management of an organisation. On the basis of a literature review, we propose the following connections: an aesthetic mode with instrumental motives which result in the shareholder perspective; an ethical mode of existence with normative motives which lead to the stakeholder perspective; and the spiritual mode of existence with transcendental motives which enable leaders to introduce a holistic perspective of management. However, we cannot link certain motives with a particular type of leadership, as leaders with different modes of existence might practice the same type of leadership (i.e., leadership based on values, authentic leadership) and combine various types of leadership in their actions. The paper might provide a theoretical basis for empirical research on leadership and managerial behaviour.
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