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1

Forma prawna zaleceń konserwatorskich

100%

Dubiński Ł.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2023

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issue 1 (41)

65-89

EN

The discussion in this study deals with the legal form of conservation recommendations. This concerns documents issued by conservation services, which define the way of using the monument, its protection and performance of conservation works, as well as the scope of permissible changes that may be introduced to this monument. In simple terms, the conservation recommendation is a “monument operating manual”, which is issued individually for each building by the competent voivodeship historic preservation officer. The legislator did not specify the legal form of this document. Therefore, in numerous studies one can find a number of standpoints on this issue. Undoubtedly, such discrepancies are not conducive to implementing the principles behind the adoption of the regulation on conservation recommendations, i.e. effective protection of monuments. This article analyses the concepts that dominate the doctrine. This is primarily a matter of accepting that conservation recommendations are issued in the form of an administrative promise or an act of knowledge. The concept according to which there is no single legal form appropriate for all conservation recommendations is also examined. At the same time, an attempt is made to discuss the most frequently negated assumption, according to which conservation recommendations could be issued in the form of administrative decisions. The discussion is conducted on the basis of the legal text and academics’ analysis of the doctrine. An important element of the discussion is that it compares the characteristics of the administrative decision with the properties of the legal forms in which, according to the doctrine, conservation recommendations are issued. The conclusion that can be drawn from the analysis presented here is that it would be appropriate to classify the conservation recommendations as administrative decisions.

2

Organizational, local, and global innovativeness of family-owned SMEs depending on firm-individual level characteristics: evidence from the Czech Republic

88%

Ključnikov A., Civelek M., Fialova V., Folvarčná A.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2021

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vol. 16

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issue 1

169-184

EN

Research background: Comparing to larger businesses, SMEs encounter more problems in their operations. Since innovativeness enables SMEs to be more competitive against their rivals, having more innovative activities might make SMEs overcome these issues. Nevertheless, depending on businesses-founders/owners' characteristics, SMEs' innovativeness in organizational, local, and global extents might differ. Purpose of the article: This research explores differences in family-owned SMEs' innovativeness regarding the age of their founders/entrepreneurs, legal form, and succession of these businesses. Methods: The researchers used a questionnaire survey. Data collection process was completed in 2020. The research sample includes 343 family-owned SMEs that operate in Czechia. The normality test result directs the authors to perform an Independent sample T-test to find differences between selected variables. Findings & value added: According to the obtained results, global innovativeness does not differ depending on firms-owners/entrepreneurs' characteristics. However, limited liability firms perform better in local innovativeness than other firms structured in different legal forms. Moreover, the organizational innovativeness of SMEs with successors is greater than firms without successors. While organizational innovativeness does not differ depending on entrepreneurs/founders' age and legal structure of businesses, local innovativeness does not differ depending on entrepreneurs/founders' age and successors' existence in these businesses. The educational level of entrepreneurs/founders, sector, and SMEs' location might be reasons for similarities and differences between SMEs' innovativeness. From the policy perspective, based on the obtained results, the authors suggest creating industrial zones. Furthermore, policymakers' collaborations with other essential players in the market might stimulate innovative attitudes among businesses. This paper's main contribution to the existing literature is to fill the gap regarding organizational, local, and global innovativeness of family-owned SMEs by providing detailed and empirical results about entrepreneurs' and firms' characteristics. Thus, this paper might draw businesses, policymakers, academicians, and international readers' attention concerning family-owned SMEs' innovativeness.

3

Private equity market in the ecosystem of start-ups and sme sector – part 1

88%

Waściński T., Dudkowska A., Kurovs J.

Zeszyty Naukowe UPH seria Administracja i Zarządzanie

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2019

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vol. 49

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issue 122

35-43

EN

Private Equity (PE)/Venture Capital (VE) Funds cover medium and long-term transactions on the private enterprise market. They adopt a legal form of closed-ended investment funds or more and more appreciated alternative investment companies, which contribute to a development of innovativeness in the Polish economy, supporting enterprises on each level of their expansion. Over the last years, there has been an increased value of investment reported among the European PE funds. Poland’s share in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) investments has been the highest in the region and does not fall below 46%. Moreover, more than a double increase of domestic PE investments in 2017 is an opportunity for improving one of the lowest innovation indexes in the European Union. An important role in this matter also belongs to the growing power of start-up ecosystem. It is not without significance that there is a growing awareness of start-ups cooperating with funds, which is defined e.g. by a stronger position of investor or a limited possibility to negotiate the terms of investment agreements. The aim of this article is to present the PE market and its meaning in the development of young companies. Showing in the first part of the article statistics related to management of venture capital in Poland compared to Europe and the CEE will identify tendencies in development of the Polish PE market. It will also allow estimating Poland’s chances for improving its position in the innovative European ranking and increasing Poland’s competitiveness on the international level. Emphasising the importance of startup’s education in dealing with VC funds in the second part of the study will additionally highlight the essence of their cooperation in terms of professionalization of the PE market and a growth of the country’s innovativeness.

4

Private equity market in the ecosystem of start-ups and sme sector – part 2

88%

Waściński T., Dudkowska A., Kurovs J.

Zeszyty Naukowe UPH seria Administracja i Zarządzanie

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2019

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vol. 50

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issue 123

21-27

EN

The second part of the article, whose aim is to present the PE market and its significance in young business development, presents PE / VC Funds as an alternative and more risky capital investment and describes a relation between VC funds and startups that use their support. It draws attention to the selection of the fund appropriate for the company’s business profile and the importance of market knowledge. The article shows the most commonly used contractual clauses and it recommends young businesses to use lawyers support while negotiating with investors. It also presents the advantages and disadvantages of introducing the PE investor to the company, which on the one hand is a restriction on the freedom of action for business owners and originators but on the other hand, in the absence of creditworthiness, this is often the only chance to raise capital, develop and survive. In Addition, the managerial support and networking offered by the Funds allow for dynamic growth of the company’s value.

5

Legal Form, COVID and the Political: Notes Towards a Critique of the Corpus Iuris Pandemici

63%

Mańko R.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2021

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vol. 96

33-46

PL

Akademicka analiza i krytyka prawa zawsze odbywa się w warunkach niedostatku zasobów. W danym momencie liczba prawników-akademików, którzy znają dany system prawny i są w stanie go analizować i poddawać krytyce na profesjonalnym poziomie naukowym jest ograniczona. Pandemia COVID-19 jedynie pogłębiła to zjawisko, uwypuklając znaczenie dokonywanych wyborów dotyczących metody i paradygmatu badań. Krytyczna teoria prawa wskazuje, że wybór metody i podejścia do analizy i krytyki materiałów prawnych nie jest neutralny politycznie. Pytanie o polityczne cele i wybory stojące za rozwiązaniami przyjmowanymi przez ustawodawców, ministrów, urzędników państwowych, funkcjonariuszy organów ścigania i sędziów, a także o rzeczywiste interesy, na które wpływają ich decyzje, jest niezwykle aktualne w tych trudnych czasach. Socjologicznie zorientowana krytyczna teoria prawa może dostarczyć niezbędnych do tego narzędzi do prowadzenia tego rodzaju badań nad corpus iuris pandemici.

EN

The scholarly analysis and critique of law always take place under circumstances of scarcity of academic resources. At any given moment, the number of academic jurists mastering a given legal system and being capable of analysing and critiquing it at a professional scientific level is limited. The pandemic of COVID-19 only exacerbated this phenomenon, exposing the importance of making methodological and paradigmatic choices. What critical legal theory teaches us is that the choice of method and approach to the analysis and critique of legal materials is not politically neutral. Asking about the political goals and choices behind solutions adopted by legislators, ministers, civil servants, law enforcement officers, and judges, and about the actual interests impacted by their decisions is much more important and topical in these difficult times. A sociologically oriented critical legal theory can provide the necessary tools for such an analysis of the corpus iuris pandemici.

6

Smíšené správní akty v právním řádu ČR aneb 10 let účinnosti opatření obecné povahy

51%

Hejč D.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2016

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vol. 155

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issue 10

829-842

EN

The paper deals with hybrid administrative acts. It focuses not only on measures of general nature, but also on administrative decisions and secondary legislation, if they fulfil conceptual features of hybrid administrative acts with respect to their contents. Firstly, it deals with doctrinal bases of the hybrid administrative acts. Subsequently, the paper deals with the presence of the conceptual features of hybrid administrative acts within mentioned legal forms, and also with the process (corresponding to the legal forms) leading to issuance of these acts and with legal means of protection against them provided by legal order. The contribution also deals with the question whether, if hybrid administrative acts are not issued and reviewed as measures of general nature, are these acts regulated in fundamentally different ways, which impacts the level of protection of public subjective rights of their addressees.

CS

Příspěvek se zabývá smíšenými správními akty.Pozornost přitom není soustředěna jen na institut opatření obecné povahy, ale rovněž na správní rozhodnutí a podzákonné právní předpisy, pokud z hlediska svého obsahu naplňují pojmové znaky smíšených správních aktů. Pozornost je nejprve věnována doktrinálním východiskům smíšených správních aktů.Následně se příspěvek zabývá výskytem pojmových znaků smíšených správních aktů v uvedených právních formách a rovněž způsoby (korespondujícími s příslušnými právními formami), jakými jsou tyto akty vydávány, a právními prostředky ochrany, jaké proti nim poskytuje právní řád. Příspěvek se zabývá také problematikou, kdy nejsou smíšené správní akty vydávány a přezkoumávány jako opatření obecné povahy a tyto akty jsou upraveny podstatně odlišnými způsoby, což má vliv na úroveň ochrany veřejných subjektivních práv jejich adresátů.

Refine search results

2 Zeszyty Naukowe UPH seria Administracja i Zarządzanie

1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

1 Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

1 Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

1 Studia Prawa Publicznego

2 Dudkowska A.

2 Kurovs J.

2 Waściński T.

1 Civelek M.

1 Dubiński Ł.

1 Fialova V.

1 Folvarčná A.

1 Hejč D.

1 Ključnikov A.

1 Mańko R.

1 2023

2 2021