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Encapsulació i estructura informativa en el debat parlamentari. Una anàlisi contrastiva (català – espanyol – anglès)

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Ribera J. E.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

2016

vol. 43

issue 2

29-50

Parliamentary debate (PD) as a specific genre of parliamentary discourse exhibits a hybrid nature: part oral and part written discourse. It is performed orally, but planned ahead and formal. From the point of view of lexical cohesion, encapsulation by means of abstract and unspecific nouns (e.g. fact or reason) is an indicator of the informative density and the underlying written nature of PD. With the tools provided by Discourse Analysis and Cognitive Linguistics, this paper aims at describing and characterizing cross-linguistically lexical encapsulation’s potential to define the information structure of PD. In this regard, encapsulation is analyzed in relation to the notions of topic and focus in three PDs in Catalan, Spanish and English. In order to determine the contribution of encapsulation to the information structure of PD, we describe the properties of lexical encapsulation as a referential cohesion device and analyze the various lexico-grammatical and discourse patterns in which encapsulators occur. From a cross-linguistic point of view, the results show a higher frequency of encapsulation in the debate in English. In this respect, the Scottish debate exhibits a higher cohesive and informational density than the Catalan and the Spanish ones. However, there has also been observed a homogeneous crosslinguistic behavior of encapsulation with regard to weaving the information structure of PD. In fact, the different usage patterns uncover similar general trends in the three languages. These quantitative coincidences are interpreted as genre related features. On the other hand, some patterns unveil cross-linguistic differences linked to a more speaker-dependent style aiming at guiding the addressee (persuasive function) and to the lexico-grammatical features of each language.

Porozumění čtenému textu u dětí ve věku 7–9 let se zaměřením na kohezní prostředky

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Bajerová K.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

2016

vol. 7

issue 2

34-47

This study concerns an integral topic of psycholinguistic research in reading comprehension — understanding selected aspects of cohesion. It is based on an English study by Yuill and Oakhill (1988) which we replicated in the Czech environment. We investigated the comprehension of three types of anaphora (reference, lexical cohesion and ellipsis) in children aged 7 to 8. Our main concern was describing how solving the task of identifying antecedents of anaphora in a story depends on the type of anaphora, on the distance of the antecedent of the anaphora and on the children’s reading level. It was discovered that successful identification of the antecedent positively correlated with the reading level. The most difficult identification of the antecedent was generally found to be in their immediate proximity. Differences between scores for the individual anaphora types were not statistically significant. Due to the absence of relevant data concerning the acquisition of cohesion, this research offers the first experimental insight into this topic.

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1 Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

1 Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

1 Bajerová K.

1 Ribera J. E.

2 2016

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Encapsulació i estructura informativa en el debat parlamentari. Una anàlisi contrastiva (català – espanyol – anglès)

Porozumění čtenému textu u dětí ve věku 7–9 let se zaměřením na kohezní prostředky