Search results

1

Semantics of the Language Sign in Speech Therapy Studies and Procedure

100%

Maciejewska A.

Logopedia

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2018

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vol. 47 EN

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issue 2

43-59

EN

Studying the comprehension of a word is one of the basic stages of the speech therapy diagnostic procedure. Hence, the procedure itself, is to check whether an examined person knows what given words mean. The methods used, however, allow to register only a limited range of semantic structure. The article demonstrates possibilities of describing words’ meaning applied by the scholarly disciplines that actually deal with those units i.e. psychology and linguistics. Thus while introducing ongoing alterations of scholars’ views on the formation of the semantic structure of words in speech development, the author urges the need to instigate a study on the meaning of the basic unit - word in both the research on speech development and disorders, and speech therapy procedures.

2

Qu’est-ce que la "littérature" au XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècle en France ? Prolégomenes sémantico-historiques a une théorie de la littérature.

100%

Caron P.

Acta Philologica

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2016

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issue 49

123-138

EN

This article aims to give an overview of the way the French word “Littérature” came to adopt its usual contemporary meaning by 1750. Applying a lexico-semantic approach, it shows how the evolution of the word – the denotation of which moved from a wide general meaning to a specialized one – depends on the correlative semantic drift of the words “Lettres” and “Sciences” towards their contemporary antonymic meaning. It also explains how the neologism “Belles-Lettres,” which appeared around 1630, paved the way for the new meaning of “Littérature.” The article also calls for a comparative history of this semantic field in the main languages of Europe.

3

De-Anglicising humour studies

100%

Goddard C.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2020

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vol. 8

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issue 4

EN

This Commentary has two main aims. The first is to argue that systematic approaches to “humour” have been hampered and skewed by terminological Anglocentrism, i.e. by reliance on terms and categories which are English-specific, such as ‘amusing’, ‘joking’, ‘serious’, and ‘mock’, and even by the banner term ‘humour’ itself. Though some humour scholars have recognised this problem, I contend that they have under-estimated its severity. Anglocentric terminology not only interferes with effective communication within the field: it affects our research agendas, methodologies and theoretical framings. Needless to say, humour studies is not alone in facing this predicament, which at its largest can be described as the global Anglicisation of humanities and social science discourse.While calls to make humour studies more conceptually pluralistic are laudable, they cannot fully succeed while ‘full’ Anglo English remains the dominant scholarly lingua franca. The second aim of this paper is to argue that considerable progress can be made by “de-Anglicising English” from within, using a newly developed approach known as Minimal English. This allows re-thinking and re-framing humour terminology and agendas using a small vocabulary of simple cross-translatable English words, i.e. words which carry with them a minimum of Anglo conceptual baggage. For illustrative purposes, I will discuss how complex terms such as ‘wit, wittiness’ and ‘fantasy/absurd humour’ can be clarified and de-Anglicised using Minimal English.

4

Mętlarz, kręciciel, zamięsiciel… – wokół leksemu mąciwoda i jego synonimów

100%

Kiszka B.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2014

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issue 2(14)

355-376

EN

The aim of the article is to gather and systematize the synonyms of the lexeme mąciwoda (also the ones that are not used in contemporary Polish language). Each synonym is placed in a more or less capacious semantic field. The semantic differences between synonyms are also analysed in the article. Moreover, the traces of forgotten lexemes in contemporary naming and culture are revealed by the author of the paper.

5

Terminology in the Azerbaijani Press of the Independence Period (Terminological process in the azerbaijani press during the years of independence)

100%

Mamedova S.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2011

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vol. 2

427-433

EN

The authoress researches terminologies existing in the Azerbaijani press of the Independence period. She pays special attention to the shaping of terms, the terminological norm. She takes into account loanwords, the existence or lack of their equivalents in the Azerbaijani language. Abuses of certain terms in the press have been indicated, a concrete solution to remove them has been suggested. While carrying out the analysis of the lexical-grammatical composition of the language of the contemporary newspapers and magazines, the authoress refers to the history of the Azerbaijani press. On the basis of the analysis of facts the authoress indicates properties of the contemporary means of mass information that contribute to the enrichment of the terminological basis of the literary Azerbaijani language and accelerate its structural-semantic development. The authoress emphasizes the fact that the process of forming terms in the literary language has an escalated character.

6

The morphology-pragmatics interface in Modern Greek compounding

88%

Charitonidis C.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2015

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vol. 51

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issue 1

27-73

EN

This study deals with the morphology-pragmatics interface in Modern Greek compounding. The object of investigation are 64 compounds explicitly marked for stance. It is shown that the linking of denotational (semantic and/or categorial) and socioexpressive (pragmatic) heads defines the different classes of compounds in a highly restrictive manner. The threefold negative socio-expressive structure of the verbal derivatives in -(i)áz(o) shows up in the compounds as well. It is concluded that, in both verbal derivation and compounding, the morphology-pragmatics interface recruits specific denotational structures for its expression.

7

Metafory awifauniczne w polskim socjolekcie przestępczym (XIX w. – lata 20. XX w.)

88%

Pacuła J.

Orbis Linguarum

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2019

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issue 53

307-329

EN

The author discusses the etymology of few words used in Polish criminal jargon, from the 19th century until the interwar period. All the analyzed words are zoonimic metaphors. The author focuses on terms derived from the names of birds. In this text the author pesents the lexemes in the oldest Polish sociolectical dictionaries, e.g.: bażant (pheasant), sikora (tit), słowik (nightingale), wrona (crow), kogut (rooster), dzięcioł (woodpecker). The author sets semantic motivations of names and he collates information from several languages for this purpose (he reaches for texts from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries). Mainly presented words didn’t survive, today they aren’t appearing in non-standard dialect.

8

Krok po kroku, krok za krokiem, krok w krok - konstrukcje składniowe czy jednostki języka?

88%

Rosalska P.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2011

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issue 2(6)

149-162

EN

The article presents a syntactic and semantic analysis of the expressions krok po kroku 'step by step; one step at a time', krok za krokiem 'step by step; little by little', and krok w krok 'step in step', which are described in the dictionaries as idioms. The analysis confirms the existence of the lexical units of Polish language krok po kroku, krok za krokiem and krok w krok but it also shows that in some contexts these expressions are the result of iterative operations.

9

New English Words for Describing the International English as a Current World Language Reality

88%

Ivanova N. K., Merkulova N. E.

Research in Language

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2021

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vol. 19

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issue 1

77-94

EN

The evolution of the English language, its changing in the situation of language contacts and functioning of English as an international means of communication have created a need for a more systematic analysis of related phenomena. In this paper, new English words which apparently appeared due to globalization and internationalization, have been considered. On the basis of authoritative theoretical approaches and several e-dictionaries, the words selected by means of continuous sampling method (more than 200 units) were analysed in terms of their semantics, morphology and spelling. Then they were classified into several thematic groups: 1) new words for naming natural and artificial versions of current English; 2) words classified with regard to social accents and dialects; 3) neologisms that reflect the English language domain and its interaction with indigenous languages. The morphological analysis revealed the application of different processes of word-formation, including neologisms and forms created according to traditional English patterns. Sometimes play on words and homo-acronyms were used in order to reinforce the meaning and connotation. Compounding and blending were found to be the most productive means of words formation within the corpus, and stylistic neologisms, used to mark a certain underlying sense proved to be the second most frequent process. It is demonstrated that studying of the currently active processes of word formation in the English language used as an international communication tool emphasizes the interdisciplinary aspect of such research programs.

10

The Role of Context in Polysemy

88%

Kovács É.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

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2012

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vol. 9

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issue 1

60-69

EN

Polysemy, the phenomenon whereby a linguistic unit exhibits multiple distinct yet related meanings, has always been a topic of great interest for both lexical semanticists and lexicographers. The primary aim of this paper is to investigate what role context plays in the interpretation of the different senses of polysemous lexical items.

11

„Pani gruba i nieletka, gruba także portmonetka” – o dawnych i współczesnych znaczeniach (użyciach) przymiotnika gruby

88%

Pacuła J.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2021

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vol. 28

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issue 1

231-254

EN

In the article, the author presents the semantics of the lexeme gruby. He draws attention to the stages and mechanisms of shaping secondary meanings of the word (presenting changes from the Old Polish period to the present day). The analyses are based on the methods commonly adopted in lexical semantics. A special place in the considerations is given to the meaning ‘an obese, overweight person.’ The observations also concern aesthetic evaluation in language (and, partly, ethical evaluation as well), and at the same time the topic is connected with the analysis of the exponents of lexical parameterisation.

12

On Eugenio Coseriu's Theory of Word Formation

88%

Gobber G.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2021

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vol. 15 (Semanticity, Alterity, Creativity: Building on Eugenio Coseriu’s Legacy (I))

55-66

EN

Between 1965 and 1982 Eugenio Coseriu published a series of investigations on word formation processes. In a functional perspective, he developed an innovative proposal, which moved away from traditional models and was not adequately taken into account in lexicological studies, neither in those of his time nor in those of later years. In this contribution, I intend to resume the fundamental aspects of this model, which maintains its validity and originality: in Coseriu's theory of word formation the three levels of the system, the norm and the usage interact strictly, so that both the reasons of the system and the creativity of the speakers are adequately taken into account.

13

Słownictwo związane z kradzieżą drobiu w polskim socjolekcie przestępczym z przełomu XIX i XX wieku

88%

Pacuła J.

Heteroglossia - studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne

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2020

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issue 10

115-131

EN

The author discussed the etymology of few words used in Polish criminal jargon, from the 19th century until the interwar period. These words belong to the category „theft of poultry”. In this text the author pesented the lexemes listed in the oldest Polish sociolectical dictionaries, e.g.: artyleria, huzar, ślepucha, mróz, pejsak, kurarz, piechociarz. Mainly presented words didn’t survive, today they aren’t appearing in non-standard dialect. This article filled the gap in the research on the origin some jargon words. The text is inviting to join a discussion; some observations of the author are provoking to debate.

14

The semantic classification of adjectives in the Bulgarian Wordnet: Towards a multiclass approach

88%

Dimitrova T., Stefanova V.

Cognitive Studies

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2018

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issue 18

EN

The semantic classification of adjectives in the Bulgarian Wordnet: Towards a multiclass approachThe paper presents an attempt at semantic classification of adjectives in the Bulgarian wordnet. Although designed for the Bulgarian wordnet, the classification can be applied to other wordnets which are developed in parallel to the Princeton WordNet. The classification relies on information that is already available in WordNet from other synsets (noun, verb, and other adjective synsets) that are linked to the adjective synsets via lexico-semantic relations - including their semantic classes, as well as definitions and usage examples. The first stage of the work was already presented at the workshop "Challenges for WordNets" within the conference "Language, Data and Knowledge 2017". The continuation of the effort as described in this article, covers a proposal for introducing additional semantic classes to the adjective synsets (if applicable). Semantyczna klasyfikacja przymiotników w bułgarskim Wordnecie: w kierunku podejścia wielopłaszczyznowegoW pracy przedstawiono próbę semantycznej klasyfikacji przymiotników w bułgarskim wordnecie. Chociaż została ona zaprojektowana dla wordnetu bułgarskiego, klasyfikacja może być zastosowana w innych wordnetach, które są rozwijane równolegle do Princeton WordNet. Klasyfikacja opiera się na informacjach, które są już dostępne w bułgarskim wordnecie pozyskanych z innych synsetów (rzeczownikowych, czasownikowych i innych przymiotnikowych), powiązanych z synsetami przymiotnikowymi poprzez relacje leksykalno-semantyczne, w tym ich klasy semantyczne, a także definicje i przykłady użycia. Pierwszy etap pracy został już przedstawiony, a kolejny obejmuje propozycję wprowadzenia dodatkowych klas semantycznych w synsetach przymiotnikowych (w stosownych przypadkach).

15

Polsko-, niemiecko- i rosyjskojęzyczny obraz „innego” i „obcego”. Analiza porównawcza pól asocjacyjnych

87%

Gawarkiewicz R.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2020

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vol. 45

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issue 2

EN

The article is concerned with reconstructing the cultural meanings included in the Polish signs “inny” (“different”) and “obcy” (“foreign”) and comparing them with their Russian and German counterparts, i.e. “другой” and “чужой”, “der Andere” and “der Fremde” respectively. The data for the comparative analysis were collected by means of the free association method. The features indicated by the respondents reflected culture-specific and language-specific associative profiles of images of the lexical items “different” and “foreign”, characteristic of the representatives of the Polish, Russian and German cultures. The results of the association test confirm that there exist numerous criteria which the Polish, Russian and German respondents referred to while specifying the meaning of “different” and “foreign”. The questionnaire allowed for establishing a hierarchy of the criteria as well as for indicating significant similarities and differences between the Polish, Russian and German associative definitions of both terms.

16

The concept of HOME in Polish and Portuguese – distant cultures, similar concepts

75%

Bułat-Silva Z.

Studia Linguistica

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2018

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issue 37

7-23

EN

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the concept of HOME in Polish and in Portuguese language and culture. The methodology which suits its purpose best and allows to compare words from different languages without an ethnocentric bias is the NSM, Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach (cf. Wierzbicka 1996, Goddard/Wierzbicka 2002). On the basis of lexical and textual data the meaning of Polish dom is explicated and compared with its Portuguese equivalent, casa. Despite the differences in treating public and private space in Polish and Portuguese cultures, the notions of HOME in these two languages have many things in common: both dom and casa are multidimensional concepts referring not only to ‘people living together in a place’ but are also related to emotions such as love, tenderness and homesickness, and to feelings of security and warmth.

17

Analysis of one lexicographic case: the Russian noun svist ‘whistle’

75%

Kiklewicz A.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2022

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vol. 1

331–345

EN

The subject of the article is the application of the case study method to the description of lexical semantics, in particular, to the analysis of a dictionary entry. The author considers the Russian noun SVIST ‘whistle’ as an object, namely, its description in the “Dictionary of the Russian language” (1984). Semantic analysis shows that the description of the word polysemy in the dictionary does not correspond to the nature of the semantic representations that are assigned to this lexeme. The author offers his own version of the semantic description of this noun, in particular, using the category of image-schematic structure. Special attention is devoted to the problem of the dictionary presentation of syntactic representations, i.e. combinatory of the word.

18

The lexical semantics of blaguer: French ways of bringing people together through persuasion, deception and laughter

75%

Waters S.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2020

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vol. 8

|

issue 4

EN

This study presents a lexical semantic analysis of the French verb blaguer and related expressions. This verb belongs to a suite of “French humour practices”, and French-English dictionaries translate it as ‘to joke’. However, Anglo-specific terminology such as “joke” does not match the conceptual semantics of blaguer and its related noun blague. Relying on Anglo-specific terms to categorise culture-specific practices perpetuates conceptual and terminological Anglocentrism. This study furthers the call to avoid the dangers of sustaining Anglocentrism in the theoretical vocabulary of humour studies (Goddard & Mullan 2020; Goddard 2018; Wierzbicka 2014a). Working from the assumption that semantic categories reflect particular ways of speaking, thinking, and behaving, this study’s goal is to capture the insider perspective that French speakers have about the meaning of the verb blaguer and the noun blague. Making local understandings more obvious and accessible to cultural and linguistic outsiders will increase cross-cultural understanding and foster appreciation for the different ways that speakers construct and interpret their world with words (Levisen & Waters 2017). The analytical tool for this study is the technique of semantic explication couched in the simple cross-translatable and culture-neutral words of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014). Carefully chosen example sentences are drawn from Google searches (google.fr) of authentic language use of the verb blaguer and the noun blague. Comparative reference is made to the verb ‘to joke’ from Australian English to highlight the differences in the conversational humour cultures of French and English speakers (Goddard & Mullan 2020; Béal & Mullan 2013, 2017).

19

The Semantic-Pragmatic Analysis of Persian Modal Verbs Based on Papafragou's Model

75%

Rahimian J., Vahedi Z.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2010

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vol. 6

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issue 1

67-116

EN

This paper aims at analyzing the semantics and pragmatics of Persian modal verbs based on Papafragou's (1998, 2000) relevance-theoretic model. Persian modals are defined in terms of logical relations and propositional domains. According to the findings of the research, two of the three modals, namely, šodan and tavân express the logical relation of compatibility with respect to different propositional domains: the three forms mišavad, mišod and mišode are unspecified with respect to their propositional domains and take them directly from the context, whereas betavân and bešavad accept the desirability domain. Mitavân also expresses compatibility in relation to the propositions in the factual domain. However, bˇyad is the only modal that encodes the logical relation of entailment and is unspecified with respect to the type of propositional domain it accepts.

20

Культурная оппозиция «свое ‒ чужое»: русские личные и притяжательные местоимения в языковом воплощении лексического концепта «патриотизм»

75%

Radbil T., Graneva I., Nagovitsyna N.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2020

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vol. 1

397-405

EN

The article presents the peculiarities of language objectification of basic archaic cultural opposition “my, our own ‒ alien” by mean of Russian personal and possessive pronouns’ semantics and functioning. The purpose is to detect how the 1st and 2nd person pronouns in their non-referential usage get potentiality to form conceptual content and language representation of the concept “patriotism”. The methodology includes methods of referential and conceptual analysis. The material is the data of lexicographic sources, Russian national Corpus and the authors’ internet-monitoring. The study shows that Russian personal and possessive pronouns contribute most to language expression of culturally significant opposition of “circles ours, our own” and circle “others, aliens”, of values of “own world” and “alien world”. The findings are that the fact of conceptual contraposition of the 1st and the 2nd person pronouns is to be included in linguo-cognitive description of the concept “patriotism”.

Refine search results

Semantics of the Language Sign in Speech Therapy Studies and Procedure

Qu’est-ce que la "littérature" au XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècle en France ? Prolégomenes sémantico-historiques a une théorie de la littérature.

De-Anglicising humour studies

Mętlarz, kręciciel, zamięsiciel… – wokół leksemu mąciwoda i jego synonimów

Terminology in the Azerbaijani Press of the Independence Period (Terminological process in the azerbaijani press during the years of independence)

The morphology-pragmatics interface in Modern Greek compounding

Metafory awifauniczne w polskim socjolekcie przestępczym (XIX w. – lata 20. XX w.)

Krok po kroku, krok za krokiem, krok w krok - konstrukcje składniowe czy jednostki języka?

New English Words for Describing the International English as a Current World Language Reality

The Role of Context in Polysemy

„Pani gruba i nieletka, gruba także portmonetka” – o dawnych i współczesnych znaczeniach (użyciach) przymiotnika gruby

On Eugenio Coseriu's Theory of Word Formation

Słownictwo związane z kradzieżą drobiu w polskim socjolekcie przestępczym z przełomu XIX i XX wieku

The semantic classification of adjectives in the Bulgarian Wordnet: Towards a multiclass approach

Polsko-, niemiecko- i rosyjskojęzyczny obraz „innego” i „obcego”. Analiza porównawcza pól asocjacyjnych

The concept of HOME in Polish and Portuguese – distant cultures, similar concepts

Analysis of one lexicographic case: the Russian noun svist ‘whistle’

The lexical semantics of blaguer: French ways of bringing people together through persuasion, deception and laughter

The Semantic-Pragmatic Analysis of Persian Modal Verbs Based on Papafragou's Model

Культурная оппозиция «свое ‒ чужое»: русские личные и притяжательные местоимения в языковом воплощении лексического концепта «патриотизм»