One of the most challenging problems university students encounter when learning foreign languages is acquiring lexical units and enhancing vocabulary skills. The article provides the study of the methods and principles of teaching foreign language vocabulary to university students as well as their advantages and drawbacks. The general levels of educational students’ achievement in learning English are determined on the basis of the pilot research carried out at Donetsk National University in Vinnytsia and Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Although the results of the pilot research show students’ weaknesses in the process of learning lexical units, they prove the positive impact of the presented methods and principles of teaching English at university.
Two categories of English lexical units, [VerN]N (howler monkey) and “subjective” (i.e. including a subject–verb relation) [VingN]N (revolving door), and two French ones, [NVeur]N (singe hurleur) and [NVant]N (porte tournante) are examined as a group with regard to their similarities. Beside the fact that they have been largely ignored by previous research, they are all endocentric units with a nominal head and a deverbal modifier, in which the head noun is interpretable as the subject of the verb underlying the modifier. In addition, the suffixes are in 2 × 2 correspondence between the two languages. The characteristics of each of the four categories are reviewed, including non-prototypical members, stress when applicable, and the variety of semantic roles underlying the subjective relation. The semantic differences between the two categories in each language are investigated. The final section contains a discussion of the grammatical (morpholog-ical or syntactic) status of the categories.
Formalizing the Process of Constructing Chains of Lexical UnitsThe paper investigates mathematical aspects of describing the construction of chains of lexical units on the basis of finite-predicate algebra. Analyzing the construction peculiarities is carried out and application of the method of finding the power of linear logical transformation for removing characteristic words of a dictionary entry is given. Analysis and perspectives of the results of the study are provided.
Lexicography is basically concerned with the meaning and use of words. In recent times, lexicographers have investigated not only the meanings of words in their mutual systemic relations (e.g., synonymy, antonymy, hoponymy etc.), but modern lexicographic research has extended its interest into the area of studying the way words are used and, in particular, how lexical associations are used and how various meanings linked to individual lexical items are reflected in the areas of their word-formation; phraseological and paremiological productivity of lexicography is, therefore, directly connected to phraseology because the target of both disciplines is to investigate sets of fixed expressions (idioms, phrasal verbs, etc.) and other types of multi-word lexical units. This paper makes an attempt to make an in-depth lexicographic account of the lexical item girl and its productivity, as evidenced in lexicographic sources. Our sample data may provide a starting point for producing an alternative reference work for non-native learners of English.
The article is devoted to the linguistic peculiarities of media texts in the financial sphere focusing on the field of social media. Hereby we define two groups of lexical units that we are considering by media texts - characterizing lexical units and identifying lexical units. I also give here a detailed scientific description of each group composition, including examples taken from media texts. An integrated approach to the analysis of Russian-language and English-language media texts led to the conclusion about the most frequently used means of nominating realities, objects and phenomena in the sphere of credit and financial activity.
On development of “smart” dictionariesThe paper discusses the need for development of intelligent dictionaries that allow for two-way interaction with its users. Theoretical ground for such development is suggested. Practical implementation as LexSite lexical resource is shown, concepts for further improvement of the efficiency are proposed.
У статті розглянуто особливості комплексного підходу до формування навичок вживання нових лексичних одиниць у студентів спортивного освітнього закладу та обґрунтоване використання під час навчання спеціального комплексу вправ, спрямованого на формування лексичних навичок із комунікативною спрямованістю для підвищення мовленнєвої компетенції студентів. Надано приклади сучасних вправ, спрямованих на формування лексичних навичок згідно з етапами формування навичок. Результати проведеного експерименту вказують на те, що у студентів експериментальної групи стала помітною тенденція виявлення мовленнєвої ініціативи та інтересу до різних типів роботи без стимулювання в них активності. Підсумкові дані постекспериментального тестування свідчать про те, що запропонований комплекс вправ, спрямований на формування навичок вживання нового лексичного матеріалу, підвищив рівень засвоєння наданого матеріалу. Таким чином, завдяки проведеному експерименту, підтверджено достовірність гіпотези щодо ефективності запропонованого комплексу вправ для підвищення мовленнєвої компетенції студентів спортивної галузі.
EN
The article deals with the peculiarities of the complex approach to the formation of the skills of using new lexical units by students of the sports educational institution and the reasonable use during the training of a special complex of exercises aimed at forming lexical skills with a communicative orientation in order to increase the students’ speech competence. Examples of modern exercises, aimed at forming lexical skills according to the stages of skills formation, are provided. The results of the conducted experiment indicate that the students of the experimental group demonstrated the tendency to display the speech initiative and interest in different types of work without being stimulated. The final data of the post-experimental testing indicate that the proposed set of exercises, aimed at developing the skills of using the new lexical material, has increased the level of learning the provided material. Thus, due to the conducted experiment, the reliability of the hypothesis about the effectiveness of the proposed set of exercises for increasing the competence of students in the field of sports is confirmed.
Analysis of the expressive stability of lexical units – a suggestion for description The proposed methodology for description the stability of expressive lexical units takes into account the perspective of lexicology, lexicography, anthropological and corpus linguistics. The next stages of the description include comments on: collecting linguistic and graphic material, analyzing the word, evaluating the expressive character and its stability.
This article studies the features of language game implementation in the modern media products. The object of the study is stand-up comedy texts. Stand-up performance is a solo, humorous performance in front of an audience. The repertoire of stand-up comedians includes author’s monologues, short jokes, and improvisation with the audience. These performances are based on a language game element implemented in a certain structure. The purpose of this article is to identify stand-up genre speech techniques in public performances and analyse them from the language game theory viewpoint. The language game, comical, and verbal creativity concepts are considered in the article. The main methods of research are descriptive, observation, generalization, data classification methods. The linguistic examples of comedy texts are analysed from the language game implementation viewpoint at various language levels: phonetic, word-formation, lexical, syntactic. The public performances analysis makes it possible to determine the structure according to which jokes are developed; the techniques of language game which are widely used by stand-up comedians. This analysis allows some negative features to be determined (profanity, parasitic words, meaningless phrases), which can worsen the language game understanding. The article draws attention to the role of stand-up comedy genre public performances in the learning of comic aesthetic category realized in witty and fluent speech. The perspective of the study is to analyse the performances of female stand-up comedy and identify the influence of gender on the language of comedy texts.
RU
Статья посвящена изучению особенностей реализации языковой игры в современных медийных продуктах. Объектом исследования послужили тексты жанра стендап-комедии. Выступления в жанре стендап понимаются как сольное юмористическое выступление перед живой аудиторией. В репертуар стенадап-комиков входят авторские монологи, короткие шутки, импровизации с залом. Цель настоящей статьи заключается в определении речевых приемов в публичных выступлениях и анализе их с точки зрения теории языковой игры. Рассматриваются понятия языковой игры, комичного выступления, вербальной креативности. Основным методом исследования является описательный, в рамках которого применены приемы наблюдения, обобщения, классификации данных. В статье проанализированы языковые примеры комедийных текстов с точки зрения реализации языковой игры на различных уровнях языка: фонетическом, словообразовательном, лексическом, синтаксическом. В ходе анализа авторских монологов резидентов стендап-шоу определена структура, в соответствии с которой строится шутка; выявлены приемы языковой игры, которые преимущественно применяют стендап-комики. Наблюдения позволили вычленить и отрицательные черты (ненормативная лексика, слова-паразиты, бессодержательные фразы), затрудняющие восприятие языковой игры. В статье делается вывод о роли публичных выступлений жанра стендап-комедии в воспитании эстетической категории, реализуемой в остроумной и легкой речи. Перспективой исследования является анализ выступлений женской стендап-комедии и выявление влияния гендерной принадлежности на язык комедийных текстов.
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