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EN
The main goal of this article is to provide a basic interpretation of Enrique Dussel‘s philosophy of liberation which is one of the alternative analyses of modernity from the point of view of the oppressed. The analysis concentrates on the cultural and philosophical sources of the philosophy of liberation. The important point of departure is postcolonialism (Frantz Fanon or Edward W. Said for example) and in the postcolonial context the methodology of the decolonization of thought-processes is fundamental. The core of this methodology is the revelation of the colonial tendencies hidden in European epistemology and ontology. The main part of the text is dedicated to an analysis of liberation and exteriority.
CS
Hlavním cílem článku je nabídnout základní výklad filosofie osvobození Enriqua Dussela, která představuje jednu z alternativních reflexí modernity z pozice utlačovaných. Výklad se soustředí na kulturní a filosofické zdroje filosofie osvobození. Důležitým východiskem textu je zarámování filosofie osvobození do kontextu postkolonialismu (Frantz Fanon, Edward W. Said a další). V tomto kontextu je důležitá metodologie dekolonizace myšlení, spočívající v odhalování hlubokých koloniálních tendencí v evropské epistemologii a ontologii. Další ústřední kategorií filosofie Enriqua Dussela je – kromě konceptu osvobození – ovšem také pojem exteriority, kterému věnuji nemalou část svého textu.
EN
Herbert Marcuse, referring to Freud, demanded positing unrepressed childhood sexuality, characterised by polymorphous perversity and primary narcissism, as the basis for human self-realisation, which is to consist in spontaneous sublimation – that is, the process of unconstrained rationalization of the erotic drive. According to Marcuse, this would enable people – both on the individual and the social level – to live without repressing their nature and, simultaneously, to evolve in a rational and creative way. In developing these ideas, Piotr Rymarczyk – focuses on the notion of the oceanic experience, which according to Freud and Marcuse accompanies primary narcissism. He interprets it as a non-instrumental way of experiencing existence and regards it as the basis for a form of identity based the on self-affirmation of one’s own conscious and autonomous being – and not on identification with instrumentalising social roles. He also points to the possibilities of empathic identification with others provided by primary narcissism. Since Marcuse recognized art as a field where the non-repressive model of life is, to some degree, practiced even in contemporary repressive society, Rymarczyk – to illustrate the difference between the model of individual identity and life based on spontaneous sublimation and the one recommended by consumerist mass culture – tries to analyse the paintings of Frieda Kahlo and Balthus. According to him, both models are somehow founded on the body and bodily pleasures. However, in contemporary mass culture we have to do with identity based on the body treated as an external image determining the individual’s social status, and the model of life based mainly on striving for impressing others with the abovementioned glamorous bodily image and apparently hedonistic lifestyle. On the other hand, Kahlo’s and Balthis’s artworks suggest a model of identity based on identification with an animated body, which symbolizes our internal life and a model of self-realisation based on experiencing pleasures which have sensual roots, but which are enhanced by their symbolic dimension being uncovered by activity of the non-instrumental reason.
EN
Various Śaivāgamas treat the important rite of dīkṣā in a detailed fashion. The account of different types of dīkṣā expounded in the Acintyaviśvasādākhyāgama is very interesting and seems to be unique in some ways. The present paper briefly discusses Vijñānadīkṣā, one of the lesser known types of dīkṣā, accompanied by a critical edition of the chapter of the Acintyaviśvasādākhyāgama.
EN
The paper focuses on the historiography and remembrance of a significant battle, fought between the Red Army and German forces in the last week of World War II in Europe on the present Czech-Polish border. In the opening part of the paper, the historical surveys are depicted and analysed. The text also examines “official” forms of remembrance, such as museums and memorials, as well as popular narratives, myths and common tales surrounding the military operation, which are seen in the context of a specific collective identity of the population of the borderland. The article seeks correlations between professional research, political rhetoric and other aspects that created the “popular image” of the offensive. The question of regional memory is understood in the context of nationwide debates about contemporary history.
5
75%
EN
The article concerns the interrelation between the three soteriological categories: salvation, liberation and healing, in order to better highlight their characteristics and, above all, to show their complementarity. After discussing the initial issues related to etymology and the contemporary spiritual, religious and social context, salvation is presented in the light of the three phenomena present in today’s piety: fatalism, dolorism, and demonism that distort its proper meaning. Then salvation was shown in the perspective of human aspirations for liberation: first in historical approach, bringing out the difficulties what kind of relationship he encountered, especially in the last three centuries, and in the second part – in the theological approach, which the center is the work of Christ, realized in the Holy Spirit. It was supplemented in the last part of the article, where it was proved that liberation and healing always indicate the fullness of salvation of the human being.
EN
Since the beginning of the 1990s in Korea, the category and definition of new generation literature have become the topic of heated debate. One may understand this tendency as ‘generation severance’, ‘alienation between social classes’, or the ‘consumption-oriented culture of the masses’. Here, we call the literary youth born in approximately 1960 ‘the new generation’. In literature, the new generation refers to the appearance of a new culture and way of thinking. This generation passed their childhood in the 1970s and faced no such great difficulties as their parents combating poverty. However, they grew up under the indirect influence of a dark political outlook and suppression. Generally, they have a great affection for the culture produced by mass media. If we compare their development process with the literary stream in Korea, the 1960s could be defined as the era of literature for independence and strong self-awareness, the 1970s as the era for people, the 1980s as the era for the rights or emancipation of labour, and the 1990s as the era of new generation literature. Meanwhile, the appearance of the ‘Korean Wave’, or so-called ‘Hallyu’, has become one of the most beloved popular cultural phenomena both in Asia and in other countries since the late 1990s.
EN
The truth about freedom and liberation is constantly threatened by a false notion of freedom and an erroneous assumption that freedom is to be found only where there is no external compulsion. According to Father Blachnicki, real freedom is born out of an internal overcoming of a hatred that makes one use violence and abuse as means to an end. Using the Gospel as the starting point he would promote the fight for liberation without violence, using the power of faith, that allows one to give testimony to the truth in every situation. He was of the opinion that actions aimed at the liberation of man should be seen as continuations of the salvific mission of Christ. In the face of alarming liberal attitudes that reject God’s rules in the name of incorrectly understood democracy it is worthwhile to bring to mind Father Blachnicki’s thesis that it is freedom that leads to liberation, not the other way round. For freedom is not a simple effect of liberation, and external liberation in itself does not guarantee the experiencing of internal freedom. Thus at the bottom of this pro-liberation pursuit there is an internal liberation which is liberation of man within man carried out in the process of formation of new man. Ultimately freedom is not an ability to do anything, but it is freedom towards Good which is the source of happiness. Man becomes free up to the point of his recognition of the truth and his will is driven by freedom. Theology of liberation presented by father Blachnicki is the application of theology of redemption to solving specific manifestations of enslavement among people of the contemporary era.
8
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PL
Doświadczenie wolności może wiązać się z różnymi sytuacjami życiowymi. Zdaniem J. Tischnera, podstawowym rodzajem doświadczenia wolności jest stopniowe wyzwalanie się spod ograniczeń. Takie doświadczenie stało się zbiorowym udziałem polskiego społeczeństwa w okresie transformacji. Pierwszy nurt przemian polegał na stopniowej przebudowie ram ustrojowych w kierunku poszerzania przestrzeni wolności obywateli. Drugi wiązał się z powolną przebudową świadomości. Do wolności trzeba bowiem dojrzeć, by móc korzystać z oferowanych przez nią możliwości. Artykuł jest próbą analizy relacji i napięć między tymi dwiema ścieżkami budowania przestrzeni wolności. W ramach tej analizy ukazano przemiany sposobu rozumienia dwóch skrajnych podejść do eksploatacji wolności – heroizmu i konformizmu.
EN
The experience of freedom can involve various life situations. According to J. Tischner, the basic type of experience of freedom is a gradual liberation from limitations. Such has been the collective experience of Polish society during the period of transformation. The first trend of changes consisted of the gradual reconstruction of the political system aiming at the extension of the area of citizens’ freedom. The second one involved a slow remodeling of consciousness. One has to mature to freedom in order to be able to use opportunities offered by it. The article is an attempt to analyze the relations and tensions between those two ways of building the space of freedom. Within the analysis the changes in the way of understanding two extreme approaches to exploitation of freedom – heroism and conformity.
PL
Podstawowy klucz interpretacyjny, jakiego używali w stosunku do debiutanckiej powieści Wacława Berenta badacze, odnosił się wyłącznie do kategorii związanych z epoką pozytywizmu oraz obowiązującej w jej obrębie kategorii naturalizmu. Takie podejście, a raczej użyta przez historyków literatury metoda, sprawiły, że „Fachowca” uznano za powieść z jednej strony przestarzałą, z drugiej interpretacyjnie płaską i nieciekawą. Toteż autorka niniejszego artykułu postanowiła, sięgając do symboliczno-mitycznymi asocjacji związanych z żywiołem wody, przełamać obowiązujące dotąd schematy badawcze. Podjęta w tekście analiza objęła szereg zjawisk i kategorii (płacz, ślina, jezioro, mgła) przyporządkowanych żywiołowi wody, które odsłoniły interesujące konteksty interpretacyjne powieści Berenta. Najważniejszy z nich dotyczy głównego bohatera, gdyż pozwala prześledzić dokonującą się w nim przemianę. Misterium wyzwolenia, jakiego doświadcza Kazimierz Zaliwski, stanowi sens opowiadanej przez niego historii, a dla każdego czytelnika „Fachowca”, staje się wezwaniem do pracy nad poznaniem własnej istoty.
EN
Waclaw Berent’s debut novel has usually been interpreted in the context of the categories associated with positivism and naturalism. Because of this approach, or rather method used by historians of literature, the novel has been considered on the one hand obsolete, and on the other – interpretively flat and uninteresting. Therefore, the author of this article has decided to break the hitherto existing research patterns by referring to the symbolic and mythical associations related to the element of water. In her analysis , she covers a number of phenomena and categories (tears, saliva, lake, mist) assigned to the element of water, which reveal interesting interpretive contexts of Berent’s novel. The most important of these concerns the main character, as it allows one to track, understand, and – most importantly – perceive his transformation. The mystery of liberation experienced by Kazimierz Zaliwski is the true meaning of the story he tells, and for every reader it becomes a call to work on learning his or her own self.
PL
Artykuł stanowi rekonstrukcję biograficzną oraz propozycję interpretacji tej części dziedzictwa ks . Franciszka Blachnickiego, która dotyczy problematyki wolności i wyzwolenia, mieszczących się w specyfice aksjologii . Zaprezentowaniu wyników ba-dań służy odpowiednia struktura artykułu . W jego części początkowej sprecyzowano zasadnicze pojęcia, podano założenia metodologiczne, a także nakreślono wizerunek ks . Franciszka Blachnickiego jako człowieka wolnego po to, by fakty biograficzne usytu-ować w szerszym kontekście . Następnie dokonano uściśleń, w wyniku których ukazano jego pojmowanie wolności indywidualnej i procesu wyzwolenia . Wyodrębniono oraz opisano ich przeciwieństwa (z genealogią), takie jak swawola, niewola i zniewolenie, odnalezione w dorobku Blachnickiego . Przekaz ten wzbogacono wskazówkami, które można uznać za sugestie etyczne, społeczne i wychowawcze Blachnickiego skierowane do współczesnych ludzi . Spuścizna ta stanowi oryginalne, inspirujące studium du-chowe, dlatego warto zadbać o odpowiednie odczytywanie przez kolejne pokolenia zawartego w nim pouczenia oraz przesłania .
EN
The article is a biographical reconstruction and a proposal for the interpreta-tion of that part of the legacy of Father Francis Blachnicki which concerns the issues of freedom and liberation, falling within the specifics of axiology . The presentation of the research findings is served by the appropriate structure of the article . In its initial part, the fundamental concepts are clarified, methodological assumptions are given, and the image of Father Francis Blachnicki as a free man is outlined in order to place the biographical facts in a broader context . Subsequently, clarifications are made, as a result of which his understanding of individual freedom and the process of liberation are shown . Their opposites (with genealogy), such as swagger, bondage and enslavement, found in Blachnicki’s oeuvre, are isolated and described . The message was enriched with hints that can be considered as Blachnicki’s ethical, social and educational sug-gestions addressed to people in the contemporary context . This legacy is an original and inspiring spiritual study, so it is worth ensuring that the instruction and message contained in it are properly understood by future generations .
EN
Manumission (manumissio, liberation, emancipation) was essential for the existing rights and obligations of a serf and his former master. It is interesting to analyse the formal side of this legal action and its content in terms of legal and actual consequences. The more so as awarding personal freedom was not at all uncommon in Prussia, and the literature on this subject usually refers to social consequences only. Based on the rich source material, the author discusses the manumission as a legal action in the practice of Prussia in the latter half of 17th and in the 18th centuries, focusing on its role, form, and the ways for insuring the new status of the former subject.
PL
Uwolnienie (wyzwolenie, manumissio, libertacja, emancypacja) miało podstawowe znaczenie dla praw i obowiązków dotychczasowych stron stosunku poddańczego: chłop zyskiwał dzięki niemu wolność, tracąc jednocześnie wynikające z poddaństwa ograniczenia, zaś pan pozbywał się poddanego, najczęściej otrzymując w zamian konkretne korzyści materialne. Interesująca wydaje się zarówno analiza formalnej strony czynności, jak i jej treści w zakresie skutków prawnych oraz faktycznych. Tym bardziej że nadanie wolności osobistej nie należało w Prusach Królewskich wcale do rzadkości, a literatura na ten temat nie jest obfi ta i odnosi się w większości tylko do konsekwencji społecznych, nie zaś warstwy prawnej. Na podstawie bogatego materiału źródłowego autor omawia uwolnienie jako czynność prawną w praktyce pruskiej w II poł. XVII i w XVIII w. Skupia się na roli libertacji, jej formularzu oraz sposobach zabezpieczenia nowej sytuacji faktycznej byłego poddanego.
EN
The discovery of universal freedom is an achievement of Saint Paul, and an achievement of the Church is a consequent propagation of this fact throughout the centuries. The Christian character of this discovery was already noticed by Hegel. In today’s world, so strongly marked by the search of freedom it is necessary to reiterate the Christian vision of freedom which is a universal one. This vision is profoundly theological in character and deeply rooted in the mystery of redemption brought by Jesus Christ. This article touches upon this fact and points out its certain aspects, especially the soteriological one. Bearing in mind the theology of freedom we cannot ignore its abundant anthropological references. The article recalls the proposition of St. Thomas Aquinas, which has been largely accepted by Catholic theology and constitutes a benchmark of anthropological philosophy which has a special application in ethics. Christian tradition stresses the fact that for a human, freedom is above all “a vocation”. Therefore, on the one hand God’s definite design through Jesus Christ concerning man has to find its eschatological realization, on the other hand man’s freedom which is solidifying in this design has to revel and show itself to the full. Undoubtedly, the eschatological issue in Christian vision of freedom is worth mentioning as well.
13
51%
Studia Bobolanum
|
2019
|
vol. 30
|
issue 1
5-20
EN
The primary goal of salvation in the Christian sense is “salvation to”, that is, bringing the human being to achieve the purpose for which he/she was created by God. The goal is to be a son/daughter of God, heir of God and joint-heir of Christ (see Rom The secondary goal of salvation is to remove all obstacles that prevent humans from achieving the basic purpose and destiny of their life. Hence, salvation also takes the form of “salvation/liberation from”, which has become necessary since the time the first parents committed the sin and in the result of which failed to reach the right purpose for which the human being was created. What enables the human being to re-establish his/her eternal destiny is Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ also shows us that the true source of human freedom is “keeping the commandments of the Father and abiding by His love” (15, 10). The article first discusses the Christian understanding of salvation and sin. Then we talk about Jesus as a model of a truly free man, as well as about what His freedom is expressed in. In the end, the goal of human being’s salvation is indicated, which consists in his/her “divinisation” and becoming sons and daughters of God.
PL
Podstawowym celem zbawienia w chrześcijańskim rozumieniu jest „zbawienie do”, czyli doprowadzenie człowieka do osiągnięcia przez niego celu, dla którego został stworzony przez Boga. Celem tym jest bycie synem Bożym, dziedzicem Boga i współdziedzicem Chrystusa (por. Rz 8,16). Drugorzędnym zaś celem zbawienia jest usunięcie wszystkich przeszkód, które uniemożliwiają człowiekowi osiągnięcie podstawowego celu i przeznaczenia jego życia. Dlatego zbawienie przyjmuje także postać „zbawienia/wyzwolenia od”, co stało się konieczne od momentu popełnienia przez pierwszych rodziców grzechu, którego skutkiem jest rozminięcie się człowieka z właściwym celem, dla którego Bóg go stworzył. Tym, który umożliwia człowiekowi na nowo urzeczywistnienie jego odwiecznego przeznaczenia, jest Jezus Chrystus. Chrystus pokazuje nam także, że prawdziwym źródłem wolności człowieka jest „zachowywanie przykazań Ojca i trwanie w Jego miłości” (Rz 15,10). W artykule omówiono najpierw chrześcijańskie rozumienie zbawienia i grzechu. Następnie mowa jest o Jezusie jako wzorze człowieka prawdziwie wolnego i o tym, w czym wyraża się Jego wolność. W końcu zostaje wskazany cel zbawienia człowieka, jakim jest „przebóstwienie” i usynowienie człowieka przez Boga.
EN
The life and work of Jesus Christ are salvific and liberating from the power of the evil spirit. From this perspective, the institution of the Eucharist and giving Himself to the faithful as Nourishment are remarkably antidemonic deeds that free from the power of the spirits of darkness and are an indispensable aid for both Christians in the daily spiritual struggle and for the possessed on the path to liberation.Also liturgical feature of the Sacrament contains many references to the glorious victory of Christ over Satan and incessant begging to keep people away from his influence. However, the Eucharist is not a tool for the liberation of the possessed from the power of the demon but constitutes a fundamental element of the process of liberation through exorcism.
PL
Życie i dzieło Jezusa Chrystusa ma charakter zbawczy i wyzwalający z mocy złego ducha. Z tej perspektywy ustanowienie Eucharystii i dawanie się wiernym jako Pokarm to dzieła wybitnie antydemoniczne, które uwalniają spod władzy duchów ciemności i stanowią niezbędną pomoc zarówno dla chrześcijan w codziennej walce duchowej, jak i dla opętanych na drodze do uwolnienia.Również warstwa liturgiczna tego sakramentu zawiera wiele odniesień do chwalebnego zwycięstwa Chrystusa nad Szatanem i nieustanne błaganie o zachowanie ludzi od jego wpływu. Eucharystia nie stanowi jednak narzędzia do wyzwolenia opętanych z mocy demona, lecz jest fundamentalnym elementem procesu wyzwolenia poprzez egzorcyzm.
15
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Content available

Antidote to Civil War?

51%
PL
This paper seeks to reopen the question of legitimacy, and in particular democratic legitimacy, as an important factor affecting the course of European ‘small states’ involved in World War II. It draws attention to previously neglected or understudied but crucial aspects of wartime legitimacy, eminently the role of recognition by foreign powers, the rhetoric of the ‘Big Three’ Allies regarding post-war Europe, and the relevance of democratic legitimacy as a powerful antidote to civil conflict during the period of transition into peacetime.
EN
This paper is based on the assumption that it is possible to overcome generic boundaries and discern a shared language in the literary and visual arts. Its purpose is to demonstrate how literature and art rupture the Victorian ideal of angelic woman at home and allow us to enter intimate territories of female minds where free will goes against the sanctioned expectations. I will demonstrate this on the basis of Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, where a pilgrimage to maturity and emotional fulfillment is embodied as space. This text will be juxtaposed with Tennyson’s “The Lady of Shalott,” read as a representation of defiance of gender-ascribed confinement. One of this poem’s most potent pictorial images, Hunt’s engraving of 1857 (a basis for his later painting of 1905), capturing the Lady in the moment of fateful decision-making is compared with Jane Eyre’s other silent home-ridden character, Bertha Rochester. All three images, of Jane, Bertha and the Lady, realize in their own way a territorial relocation seen as necessary for an untrapping of femininity.
PL
Na podstawie wybranych utworów literackich, „Jane Eyre” Charlotte Brontё i „Pani na Shalott” Alfreda Tennysona, oraz obrazu Prerafaelity Williama Hunta, artykuł ukazuje sposoby kwestionowania przez ich autorów wiktoriańskiego ideału kobiety-anioła, strażniczki domowego ogniska. Omawiane prace pokazują jednocześnie, że wspólna tematyka umożliwia przekroczenie barier gatunkowych, a przez to ukazanie podobnej intensywności uczuć, dotarcie do intymnych przestrzeni świadomości i ukrytych przed światem pragnień i przemyśleń bohaterek, które nie wahają się kwestionować usankcjonowanych konwencji społecznych. We wszystkich omawianych pracach kluczowym elementem definiującym przynależność społeczną jest przestrzeń i to w odniesieniu do niej bohaterki Charlotte Brontё, Jane Eyre i Bertha Rochester, oraz Pani na Shalott Tennysona i Hunta definiują swoją tożsamość. Artykuł ukazuje, że to właśnie w odniesieniu do na nowo zdefiniowanego własnego terytorium odnajdują one drogę do swoiście pojmowanej wolności i uwolnienia kobiecości.
EN
In her missionary (or evangelizing) work, the Church uses strategies which involves rational and functional activities, corresponding to a given historical and social context, thereby enabling the appropriate transmission of the Gospel. In South America, there are three basic strategies which are visible in the post-conciliar Church’s missionary activity: the inculturation of the Gospel, the liberation as a consequence of the option for the poor and the development of ecclesial structures. The strategy of inculturation is based on the recognition of the dignity, identity, integrity and richness of indigenous cultures. The missionary strategy of liberation of man from the slavery of sin and material misery leads to the fulfillment of the option for the poor, clearly rooted in the Gospel. The missionary strategy what consists insupporting the development of local Churches and in creating new ecclesiastical structures, appreciates the evangelizing activity of the parish and of the small ecclesial communities thatform their members in the spirit of the Gospel and in that same spirit, serve the transformation of human reality in the civilization of love. All of these strategies used in the missionary activity of the South American Church penetrate and complement each other, calling people to conversion and leading to the encounter with Christ, through whom a new humanity flowers” (cf. VD 93).
PL
W swojej pracy misyjnej (lub ewangelizacyjnej) Kościół stosuje strategie, które zakładają działania racjonalne i funkcjonalne, odpowiadające danemu kontekstowi historycznemu i społecznemu, umożliwiając w ten sposób właściwy przekaz Ewangelii. W Ameryce Południowej można wyróżnić trzy podstawowe strategie, które są widoczne w posoborowej działalności misyjnej Kościoła: inkulturacja Ewangelii, wyzwolenie jako konsekwencja opcji na rzecz ubogich oraz rozwój struktur kościelnych. Strategia inkulturacji opiera się na uznaniu godności, tożsamości, integralności i bogactwa kultur tubylczych. Strategia misyjna wyzwolenia człowieka z niewoli grzechu i nędzy materialnej prowadzi do realizacji opcji na rzecz ubogich, wyraźnie zakorzenionej w Ewangelii. Strategia misyjna, która polega na wspieraniu rozwoju Kościołów lokalnych i tworzeniu nowych struktur kościelnych, docenia działalność ewangelizacyjną parafii i małych wspólnot kościelnych, które formują swoich członków w duchu Ewangelii i w tym samym duchu służą przemianie rzeczywistości ludzkiej w cywilizacji miłości. Wszystkie te strategie stosowane w działalności misyjnej Kościoła południowoamerykańskiego przenikają się i uzupełniają wzajemnie, wzywając ludzi do nawrócenia i prowadząc do spotkania z Chrystusem, dzięki któremu rozkwita nowa ludzkość" (por. VD 93).
EN
Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette played a significant role in the development of French literature. Her novels vividly depict independent and self-aware women, thereby reflecting the author herself. Colette's works have captured the attention of researchers and have been the subject of numerous studies. In this proposed research, an interdisciplinary approach combining literary and linguistic perspectives is adopted to explore Colette's literature. The objective of this study is to closely examine the portrayal and circumstances of women and girls in Colette's work, specifically focusing on the nomino-adjectival collocations involving the lexemes femme and fille used by the author in her six novels from the “Claudine” series. These novels serve as prime examples of Colette's reclamation of autonomy through her writing. The research will culminate in a literary analysis, contrasting the results obtained through the linguistic methodology with the insights gained from a literary approach.
EN
In recent decades, from a theological point of view, the Church in Latin America has gone from being a "receiving" church to being a "protagonist" church. This happened thanks to the dynamic development of a new way of practicing theology. Latin American post-Conciliar theology presents a new existential, kerygmatic and methodological approach based on a wise balance (hermeneutic circle) between orthopraxis and orthodoxy. The article presents and attempts to critically analyze the most important events of the period from the first Latin American Episcopal Conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1955 to the second in Medellin in 1968, which laid the foundations for the birth of post-Conciliar Latin America theology: the rise of CELAM, the choice of John XXIII, the Cuban Revolution and the Vatican Council II and especially the Constitution Gaudium et Spes, which introduces a new theological paradigm that recognizes the historical realities of pluralism of nations and cultures, as well as social, political and economic structures. Undoubtedly, the election of Cardinal Bergoglio as Pope is a "sign of the times" that makes the richness and freshness of Latin American theological reflection powerfully join the world theological discourse.
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PL
Wiara w modlitwie o uwolnienie jest przede wszystkim odpowiedzią na dar wypędzania demonów, podarowany wszystkim wierzącym przez Jezusa Chrystusa przed Jego Wniebowstąpieniem. Teologalny kontekst wiary jest naturalnym środowiskiem dla sprawowania modlitwy o uwolnienie. Owocność posługi uwalniania jest subiektywnym kryterium oceny „jakości wiary” posługujących, jak również, ale w mniejszym stopniu, osoby proszącej o uwolnienie. Brak wiary u osoby zwracającej się z prośbą o modlitwę nie może stanowić podstawy do od-mowy przeprowadzenia tejże i udzielenia pomocy.
EN
The faith in prayer for deliverance is primarily a response to the gift to cast out demons given to all believers by Jesus Christ before His Ascension into heaven. The context of theological faith is natural environment for prayer for deliverance. Fruitfulness of the deliverance ministry is a subjective criterion for determining the „quality of their faith” speakers, as well as, but to a much lesser extent, people would ask for deliverance. The lack of the faith at the asking person cannot be an attitude of the refusal to conduct the prayer and providing assistance.
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