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EN
The article is an attempt to fill a gap in studies of the language of communist propaganda. It focuses on propaganda strategies in the Stalinist discourse addressed to young people. What the analysed texts have in common is also their journalistic nature. The source material comes from the period of 1944–1956. It encompasses written texts from national daily papers as well as congress proceedings published in thousands of copies.
EN
Female authors of scientific works were few in the eighteenth century in comparison with the increasing production of male writers. Their limited presence in the scientific panorama of the period could, therefore, account for the lack of research on how these women wrote or the sort of linguistic strategies they were familiar with from a present-day perspective. Some external considerations should be also reckoned as of paramount importance: on the one hand, science as such was an underdeveloped concept at the moment. Male writers were busy in an attempt to set the grounds of science and to determine the best linguistic choices to convey scientific knowledge. On the other, it was not socially accepted that women somehow involved themselves in matters other than those such as the family or the household, or similar matters. The results obtained from the linguistic analysis point to a predominant use of modality indicating prediction and necessity in contrast to hypothetical constructions and recognizable verbs of persuasion. It follows from this that it is a modulated discourse constrained to a certain extent by the social norms of the period.
EN
The aim of the analysis was to investigate linguistic strategies used in business interaction between clients and firms on selected business profiles on Twitter. The analysis aimed at establishing which strategies are used in the interaction. The analysis referred to the classification of strategies suggested by Zgółkowa and Pałka based on von Thun’s four-sides model of communication. Strategies used on four levels of the message were analysed, i.e. on the factual level, relationship level, self-revelation level and appeal level. The analysis indicated that strategies transposed from other media are used in the interaction. An undeniable asset of this medium is, however, the possibility to combine a range of forms of interaction and strategies.
EN
This article shows how the language of Shakespeare’s plays has been rendered into Catalan in three especially significant periods: the late 19th century, the early 20th century, and the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The first section centres on the contrast between natural and unnatural language in Hamlet, and considers how this differentiation is carried out (by linguistic techniques that differ substantially from Shakespeare’s) in a late 19th-century Catalan adaptation by Gaietà Soler. The second part of the article investigates the reasons why in an early 20th-century translation of King Lear the translator, Anfòs Par, resorts to medieval instead of present-time language. The last section of the article illustrates how and explores the motivations why Salvador Oliva’s first (1985) version of The Tempest is retranslated in 2006 using a different language model. The ultimate aim of the paper is to put forward the hypothesis that, in the case of Catalan, Shakespearean translations are both a reflection of the current state of the language and a major linguistic experimentation that shapes and creates (sometimes through a via negativa) the Catalan literary language.
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