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PL
Gatunki to wytwory kultur, odzwierciedlające potrzeby i praktyki społeczności, które je wytworzyły. Ucząc cudzoziemców języka polskiego jako obcego powinniśmy zapoznać ich z wieloma polskimi gatunkami wypowiedzi, zalecanymi w programach do nauczania języki polskiego jako obcego. List motywacyjny to stosunkowo nowy gatunek w polskim kontinuum mowy, przejęty po przełomie 1989 r. z kultury anglosaskiej. Jest to gatunek złożony, czerpiący z innych, takich jak list urzędowy, podanie, list reklamowy, życiorys. W artykule przedstawiono opis gatunku zgodnie z koncepcją wzorca gatunkowego Marii Wojtak, obejmującego cztery aspekty: strukturalny, pragmatyczny, poznawczy i językowy. Dynamika gatunku wpłynęła na powstanie wzorca kanonicznego oraz wzorców alternacyjnych i adaptacyjnych tej odmiany listu. Genologiczna definicja listu motywacyjnego mówi, że jest to krótki tekst (maksymalnie jednostronicowy) o ściśle określonej strukturze, którego celem jest skłonienie odbiorcy (pracodawcy) do zatrudnienia nadawcy, pokazuje on sferę życia związaną ze środowiskiem pracy i edukacji, zwykle wyrażony jest w sposób schematyczny i szablonowy (wzorce uzualne są często kopią wzorców normatywnych). Cudzoziemcy powinni poznać wszystkie cztery aspekty opisu tego gatunku dla efektywnej komunikacji w polskim środowisku językowym i kulturowym.
EN
Genres are products of cultures, reflecting the needs and practices of communities that have created them. Teaching the Polish language to foreigners, we should make them familiar with numerous Polish genres of speech, recommended in programmes of teaching Polish as a foreign language. The cover letter is a relatively new genre in the Polish continuum of speech, adopted from the Anglo-Saxon culture after the transition in 1989. It is a complex genre, deriving from others, such as the official letter, application, advertisement letter, and CV. The article presents a description of the genre, according to the genre pattern by Maria Wojtak, including four aspects: structural, pragmatic, ontological and linguistic. The dynamics of the genre resulted in the creation of a canon model, alternative variants and adaptive variants of this type of letter. The definition of the cover letter in terms of genre studies states that it is a short text (maximum one page) with a strictly defined structure, aiming at making the recipient (potential employer) hire the sender, it shows the sphere of life related to the world of labour and education, and is usually expressed in a schematic and clichéd manner (usage patterns are often copies of normative patterns). Foreigners should learn all four aspects of description of this genre of speech for effective communication in the environment of the Polish language and culture.
Neofilolog
|
2013
|
issue 41/1
37-50
EN
This paper investigates a particular aspect of teaching languages for special purposes. The article focuses on the cultural component in the analysis of error in the collocation in Wort und Schrift that occurs in job applications written by students of Applied Linguistics. Learners of German as a foreign language for special purposes use the mother tongue and they coin words that do not exist in German. Errors of this type are a result of the cultural differences between languages and in-adequate intercultural competence.
EN
Postal reviews are widely used in social sciences research because of their great popularity both with respondents and researchers. In Poland postal reviews are used less often than other methods of communication. A low or very low percentage of returned questionnaires is most often mentioned as the reason. This opinion results first of all from not knowing that condition the rate of their return, and particularly from not knowing the cultural peculiarity of Poland in this respect. The sources of this state should be looked for in underestimating the importance of the problem in academic handbooks that only popularise and deepen negative stereotypes about postal review, and in a small number of specialist publications on the variables that are significant for the rate of return in the case of Polish population. In order to fill the existing gap in the knowledge of peculiarity as far as the reaction of potential respondents in Poland is concerned to marketing research with the use of postal review it was decided that opinions and experiences connected with postal review should be collected and analysed. They came from people who occupy themselves in marketing research, first of all in its theoretical aspect, but also having practical knowledge in this field. 89 professors were chosen who specialise in the field of marketing. They were sent aquestionnaire, specially worked out for the study. The questions were concerned, among others, with the peculiar character of postal reviews done by those people. The rate of return after two contacts was 43.7%. The article contains a specification of the rate of return of questionnaires depending on the used factors of review personalisation, financial gratification, the number and form of contacts with respondents and factors connected with the specificity of sending and returning the research materials by respondents. The obtained results are compared and analysed against the background of results of research done in the West. These specifications and analyses may be a good source of hypotheses for future research of cultural conditioning and combination of factors that allow maximising the rate of return of postal review questionnaires in Poland.
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