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Bułgarzy banaccy – fenomen trwałości kultury

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EN
Nowadays, the so-called Banat Bulgarians are a numerous group of the descendants of Bulgarian Catholics, which were forced to emigrate to Wallachia in the end of the 17th century and in the beginning of the 18th century and from there in years 1738–1741 to Banat. Small part of them (after 1878) returned to Bulgaria where they establish new villages. Most of them still live in Romanian territory, decidedly less numerous colonies are in Hungary and in Serbia. From the end of 19th century they were a subject of interest to historians and linguists. For historians, their history were extremely  interesting.  For  linguists,  because  they  managed  to  salvage  the  dialect  which became (in the half of the 19th century) a base of literary norm that was to shape their language.
EN
In the article, the role of the artistic style as one of the major componens of the Ukrainian linguo-culture has been stressed. The writers’ language-creative practice has been qualified as an important factor in the national literary language development and as a criterion of the literary norm formation. As for the latter, two major kinds of writers’ impact are noted – structural-expanding and cutting, aimed at improvement. In this context, the concept of norm arises as an actual parameter to determine the level of correlation of both literary language and language of fiction.
EN
The article sets out to describe the specificity of formation of phraseological norms of the Belarussian and Ukrainian literary languages in the first half of the 20th century and presents the case study of the most representative dictionaries of idioms. The majority of the literary norms of the languages analysed (lexical, grammatical, accentological) in this period passed the stage of active codification, and phraseological Belarussian and Ukrainian literary norms only began their formation. The topicality of the research is accounted for by the lack of the comparative analysis of the processes of the development of phraseological norms in the Belarussian and Ukrainian literary languages. The article aims to demonstrate the specificity of formation of the Belarussian and Ukrainian phraseological norms in the first half of the 20th century. It has been proved that in the dictionaries of the Ukrainian language the phraseology was described and represented more fully and thoroughly than in Belarussian codes. Dictionaries of the Belarussian and Ukrainian languages, published after the language reforms of 1933, narrowed the scope of phraseological norms of the idioms analysed.
PL
W artykule opisano specyfikę formowania się norm frazeologicznych nowego białoruskiego i nowego ukraińskiego języka literackiego w pierwszej połowie XX wieku na materiale największych słowników tych idiomów. Większość norm literackich wymienionych języków (leksykalne, gramatyczne, akcentologiczne) w tym okresie przechodziła etap aktywnej kodyfikacji, a frazeologiczne normy literackie języka ukraińskiego i białoruskiego dopiero zaczynały się formować. Aktualność badań opiera się na fakcie, że dotychczas nie przeprowadzono analizy porównawczej procesów rozwoju norm frazeologicznych w białoruskim i ukraińskim języku literackim. Zadaniem artykułu jest wykazanie сech tworzenia się białoruskich i ukraińskich norm frazeologicznych w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Ustalono, że w słownikach języka ukraińskiego frazeologia została opisana i zaprezentowana pełniej i dokładniej niż w kodeksach białoruskich. Słowniki języka białoruskiego i ukraińskiego, które zostały wydane po reformach językowych w 1933 r., zawęziły zakres norm frazeologicznych badanych idiomów.
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