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EN
“GENRE MEMORY” AND ITS METAMORPHOSIS IN A LITERARY TALE BY A.A. MILNEThe nucleus of Milne’s literary tale dilogy (Winnie-the-Pooh and The House at the Pooh Corner) is an archaic folklore-mythological spatio-temporal structure and its specific subject realization that have proved capable of development, metamorphosis, synthesis with other deep structures and have led to the formation of literary genres of a neo-mythological character – literary tale, story and fantasy.In Milne’s tales there is no traditional struggle between Good and Evil, there are practically no “miraculous” objects and magical powers. The action is not based on the confrontation between the two sides, representing different moral principles (as in a traditional fairy tale), but involves the transition of the hero, Christopher Robin, from the world of childhood to the adult world, acquiring a higher social status, the development of abilities and skills of various characters to solve different life problems, first at the level of choice of options from the accumulated empirical experience, and then at the level of abstraction from real specifics to the skills of logical analysis and mastering written speech and the basics of mathematics. This results in the acquisition of a new level of knowledge and the development of a new way of understanding of the world (the creation of the cosmos from chaos).
EN
The widely known literary fairy tale was born as a genre in Europe in the beginning of the XIX century. Almost everywhere its birth was preceded by collecting, recording, studying, processing and editing of folk tales. Russian literary fairy tale (Odoevsky, Ershov, Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Gogol, etc.) is created during this period. In the second half of XIX century, the Georgian literary fairy tale is evolved in the footsteps of these events. Similar to Russian literature, its publication precedes the publication of folklore texts. It is important to note, that unlike the Russian authors the famous Georgian writers (Akaki Tsereteli, Vazha-Pshavela ...) successfully use literary fairy tales for the artistic interpretation of the national problem. It is noteworthy, that Georgian and Russian literary fairy tales identically follow the genre-specific peculiarities and common literary tendencies.
EN
The article considers the basic principles of the development of a literary fairy tale in the epoch of Ukrainian romanticism. With the help of genetic, comparative, typological methods, and methods of analysis and synthesis, it is proved that Eugene Hrebinka’s fairy-tale prose is an original and innovative phenomenon in 19th-century Ukrainian literature, the artistic specificity of which consists in the synthesis of signs of magic story and lyricism, moral-didactic principles and folklore. The specificities of the problems and poetics of such stories by this author as The Terrible Beast, The Moon and the Sun, Stepmother and Young Lady are analyzed. It is determined that the fairy-tale works of Eugene Hrebinka are a holistic artistic unity, built on a common plot model, and on realizing the same type of artistic conflict, which is manifested in the clash of positive and negative characters.
PL
W artykule omówiono podstawowe zasady rozwoju baśni literackiej w dobie romantyzmu ukraińskiego. Za pomocą metod genetycznych, porównawczych, typologicznych oraz analizy i syntezy udowodniono, że baśniowa proza Jewhena Hrebinki jest oryginalnym i nowatorskim zjawiskiem w literaturze ukraińskiej XIX wieku, którego specyfika artystyczna polega na syntezie cech opowieści magicznej i liryzmu, zasad moralno-dydaktycznych i folkloru. W opracowaniu przeanalizowano cechy problematyki i poetyki takich opowiadań autora, jak Straszna bestia, Księżyc i słońce, Macocha i panna. Ustalono, że baśniowe dzieła Jewhena Hrebinki stanowią całość artystyczną, zbudowaną na wspólnym modelu fabularnym i realizacji takiego rodzaju konfliktu artystycznego, który przejawia się w zderzeniu postaci pozytywnych i negatywnych.
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