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1
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« Le fondement d’une affreuse existence », ou ce que boivent les princes des ténèbres

100%
Szkopiński Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2019
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issue 14
139-147
EN
La Vampire, ou la vierge de Hongrie [The Vampire, or the Hungarian Virgin] (1825) by Étienne- Léon de Lamothe-Langon (1786-1864) belongs to a very heterogeneous field of Gothic fiction, a genre which was particularly popular in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries. The main purpose of the present study is to examine the role played by blood in the analysed work. In order to demonstrate this aspect of the novel more successfully, it will be preceded by a general overview of the gradual popularisation of the vampire as a concept in the 18th-century Western Europe, with a particular emphasis placed on the role of Dom Augustin Calmet (1672- 1757) and his Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires [Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires] (1751) in this process. Thereafter, a more detailed consideration will be given to the way in which Lamothe-Langon explores the typical vampiric traits while portraying the main character of his book, namely the demonic Alinska.
FR
La Vampire, ou la vierge de Hongrie (1825) d’Étienne-Léon de Lamothe-Langon (1786-1864) fait partie d’un groupe fort hétérogène de romans gothiques, genre particulièrement fécond à la fin du XVIIIe et au début du XIXe siècle. Le but principal de la présente étude est d’analyser le rôle joué par le sang dans l’ouvrage en question. Afin de mieux développer cet aspect du roman, nous esquisserons d’abord l’avènement du concept de vampire en Europe occidentale au XVIIIe siècle, en mettant particulièrement l’accent sur le rôle de Dom Augustin Calmet (1672-1757) et de son Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires (1751) dans ce processus. Par la suite, nous nous pencherons sur la manière dont Lamothe-Langon explore les traits typiquement vampiriques en construisant le personnage principal de son ouvrage, la démoniaque Alinska.
2
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L’éléphant blanc ou le tabou politique dans la France révolutionnaire

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Szkopiński Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2017
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issue 12
271-278
EN
Many pamphlets and books written during the French Revolution address the controversial subject of the monarchy, its fall and the new order. However, Jean-Claude Gorjy’s ’Ann’quin Bredouille is certainly one of the most fascinating examples. In his book, Gorjy ridicules the new revolutionary reality and points out its many social, political, cultural and linguistic absurdities. The aim of this paper is to present the story of the white elephant, told in the third volume of ’Ann’quin Bredouille, in order to analyze how Gorjy confronted the political taboo during the revolutionary period as well as to explain why he decided to use an allegory instead of making an explicit reference to King Louis XVI and the Ancien Régime.
FR
De nombreux pamphlets et livres écrits pendant la Révolution évoquent le sujet délicat de la monarchie, de sa chute et du nouvel ordre. Cependant, ’Ann’quin Bredouille de Jean-Claude Gorjy en constitue sans doute un des exemples les plus intéressants. Dans son ouvrage, Gorjy ridiculise la réalité révolutionnaire et met en relief ses multiples absurdités de nature sociale, politique, culturelle et linguistique. Le but de cet article est de présenter l’histoire de l’éléphant blanc, racontée dans le troisième volume de l’ouvrage, afin d’analyser comment Gorjy affronte le tabou politique de l’époque révolutionnaire et d’expliquer pourquoi il a décidé d’employer une allégorie au lieu de faire des références explicites à Louis XVI et à l’Ancien Régime.
3
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Voir l’audible, aspirer à l’invisible inaccessible : l’hypotypose comme adaptation aux règles classiques dans la dramaturgie hagiographique française du XVIIe siècle

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Conboy A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2016
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issue 11
159-174
EN
During the 17th century, the establishment of neo-Aristotelian rules imposed restrictions on French dramatic art. At the same time, dramatists created a number of hagiographic plays, seemingly incompatible with the purified classical stage. How could one limit the multivalent life of their protagonists to twenty-four hours? How could one perform the focal point of lives of saints, that of their deaths, without transgressing the necessary bienséance and vraisemblance? Hypotyposis complemented the protagonists’ narratives in the hagiographic corpus. Through the description of conversion and martyrdom, the plot could be supplemented and understood by the spectators. Additionally, these vivid descriptions inspired the conversion of secondary characters. This article will address how dramatists used hypotyposis to adapt hagiographic plays to the dramatic restrictions of their time.
FR
Au XVIIe siècle les règles néo-aristotéliciennes ont imposé des restrictions à la conception française du drame. En même temps, les dramaturges parisiens ont créé beaucoup de pièces hagiograhiques, apparemment incompatibles avec la scène classique purifiée. Comment limiter la vie multiforme des protagonistes à une période de vingt-quatre heures ? Comment représenter le point culminant de la vie du saint, celui de sa mort, sans atteindre à la bienséance et à la vraisemblance prescrites ? L’hypotypose permettait de contourner ces difficultés. En décrivant les moments de conversion et de martyre, les récits étaient complétés et pouvaient être compris par les spectateurs. De plus, ces vives descriptions incitaient d’autres personnages à se convertir. Dans cet article, il s’agira d’examiner les façons dont l’hypotypose était utilisée par les dramaturges hagiographiques pour s’accommoder aux restrictions dramatiques de leur temps.
4
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Une peinture sombre de l’amour dans Les Ombres sanglantes

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Szkopiński Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2021
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issue 16
251-260
EN
The aim of this paper is to explore the theme of love in Les Ombres sanglantes [The Bloody Shadows] (1820) by J. P. R. Cuisin. Four stories from the volume were chosen for this purpose, including “La demeure d’un parricide, ou le triomphe du remords”; “L’Infanticide, ou la fausse vertu démasquée”; “La guérite de la religieuse, ou la vestale prévaricatrice” and “Niobé, ou l’élève de la nature”. The analysis of these texts revolves around the crimes described by the author in each of the stories, namely parricide, infanticide, breach of religious vows and incest. The violent, destructive and sometimes grotesque manner in which these various sentimental relationships, often of an illicit or even pathological nature, are portrayed in Les Ombres sanglantes diverges considerably from the vision of love typical for the Gothic novel in France at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, clearly marking the advent of the frenetic genre, more and more present in the French literature of this period.
FR
La présente étude a pour objectif de se pencher sur le thème de l’amour dans Les Ombres sanglantes (1820) de J. P. R. Cuisin. Quatre histoires de ce recueil seront analysées dans ce but : La demeure d’un parricide, ou le triomphe du remords ; L’Infanticide, ou la fausse vertu démasquée ; La guérite de la religieuse, ou la vestale prévaricatrice ; et Niobé, ou l’élève de la nature. On s’intéressera particulièrement aux crimes décrits par l’auteur dans chacun de ces récits : le parricide, l’infanticide, la rupture des vœux religieux et l’inceste. La manière violente, corrosive et parfois caricaturale dont les différentes relations sentimentales, souvent de nature illicite, voire pathologique, sont peintes dans Les Ombres sanglantes diverge considérablement de la vision de l’amour typique du roman noir tel qu’il se pratique en France à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et au début du XIXe, et marque clairement l’avènement du genre frénétique de plus en plus présent dans la littérature française de cette période.
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La critique littéraire de Rachilde : du texte comme prétexte

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Staroń A.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2023
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issue 20
315-323
EN
For over twenty-five years, Rachilde regularly commented on approximately thirty novels a month, in the column she signed for the Mercure de France. Sometimes her readings concluded in opinions on novelistic aesthetics, sometimes she spoke out on social issues or other prevailing matters. Thus, the texts she read became pretexts for presenting opinions sometimes far from literary subjects. Considering Rachilde’s sulfurous reputation, it seems interesting to examine her point of view on morality. The article focuses on some specific points contained in this notion: the relationship between the sexes, marriage and divorce, prostitution, offspring.
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La Pologne, son destin et sa vocation particulière aux yeux des écrivains français du XIXe siècle

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Malinowski W. M.
Cahiers ERTA
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2023
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issue 34
207-225
EN
The author of the paper propounds a holistic outlook on how French writers of the 19th century perceived the fate of Poland in the most dramatic moment of its history, when it was fighting a fierce, and almost hopeless battle for its independence, having disappeared from the map of Europe. In texts of many poets, publicists and men of letters in France one can find a unique set of motifs that not only reveal a highly consistent way of thinking with respect to the situation Poland was in at the time, but also build a parallel vision of its future, and even hold a belief that Poland was to play a special role among European countries. In this paper the author identifies and discusses six such motifs.
7
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Étienne-Léon de Lamothe-Langon : destin d’un faussaire par vocation

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Szkopiński Ł.
Cahiers ERTA
|
2023
|
issue 34
137-154
EN
Étienne-Léon de Lamothe-Langon (1786-1864) was the author of numerous novels belonging to different genres. However, if he wasn’t completely forgotten by the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th c., it was thanks to a long list of apocryphal memoirs attributed to famous people which in fact he wrote himself. At first, this paper shows reactions from the press in 1829 after the publication of Mémoires d’une femme de qualité sur Louis XVIII and Mémoires de la comtesse Du Barri. Although some journalists chose to perpetuate the fiction that the memoirs were authentic, others denounced them as false and heavily criticized this kind of literary enterprise. Thereafter, the article focuses on Lamothe-Langon’s response to his critics and on his vision of apocryphal memoirs in his preface to Les Après-diners de S. A. S. Cambacérès (1837).
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Obraz wampira w traktacie Augustina Calmeta i innych tekstach francuskich przełomu XVII i XVIII wieku

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Szkopiński Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2022
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vol. 17
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issue 2
183-194
EN
Although they made their spectacular literary appearance with the arrival of Romanticism, vampires were arousing a vivid interest well before the 19th century. At first, the present paper will briefly review the vampire motif in French texts from the second half of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th c., such as the articles published in Mercure Galant in 1793 and 1794 or the travel narratives published by François Richard (1657), Paul Lucas (1704) and Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1717). Afterwards, Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenants de Hongrie, de Moravie, etc. [Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants of Hungary, Moravia, et al.] (1751) by Dom Augustin Calmet (1672-1757) will be analyzed in order to examine the way in which the Benedictine tackles this controversial subject in his book. The article closes with some thoughts on the reception of the treatise after its publication and its importance for the creation and consolidation of the subsequent concept of the vampire.
FR
Bien qu’ils fassent leur entrée spectaculaire au sein de la littérature avec l’épanouissement du romantisme, les vampires furent une source inépuisable d’intérêt bien avant le XIXe s. Au début de la présente étude nous passerons brièvement en revue le motif vampirique dans des textes français de la deuxième moitié du XVIIe et du début du XVIIIe s., tels que les articles publiés dans le Mercure Galant en 1793 et 1794 ou les récits de voyage de François Richard (1657), de Paul Lucas (1704) et de Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1717). Par la suite, nous nous pencherons sur le Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenants de Hongrie, de Moravie, etc. (1751) de Dom Augustin Calmet (1672-1757) afin d’analyser la manière dont le bénédictin aborde ce thème controversé dans son ouvrage. Nous terminerons notre article par quelques réflexions sur la réception du Traité après sa parution et sur son importance pour la création et la consolidation du concept postérieur de vampire.
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Les représentations et la place de la littérature française/ francophone dans les pratiques de lecture des étudiants des universités européennes

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Krawczyk D., Obszyński M., Smuk M.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2023
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issue 20
119-131
EN
The aim of this article is to present the results of research carried out within the European perspective on Literature, Culture, Language and Certification (EpoLCLC) project, according to three main axes: contemporary reading practices and the image of French literature among contemporary readers in a sociological approach; reading strategies of foreign language texts in a psycholinguistic approach; the place of translations and the representation of the role of the literary translator among contemporary readers in the light of conceptions related to cultural transfers and the global circulation of literature. The analysis and interpretation of the data collected during the course of the project will make it possible to compare the image we have of literature and the reader in our time with a set of real practices and beliefs, as defined by the people questioned during the study. More generally, it will be a question of drawing up, again from the data collected, a portrait of the European student as a reader and of defining the place that French and Francophone literature occupies in his or her daily practices.
10
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Poésie et utopie en France, au XIXe siècle

71%
Sylvos F.
Quêtes littéraires
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2021
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issue 11
60-75
EN
This paper confronts versified positivist propaganda (Du Camp) with lyrical and visionary prose of Saint-Simon’s followers (Duveyrier). Taking as the point of departure Baudelaire’s judgment about the incompatibility between poetry and didacticism, this paper queries the status and aesthetic value of social poetry. The working class poetry (One hundred small miseries, Social work) is full of vitality of the popular style, replete with humorous energy and fantasy, whereas the socialist fable (Lachambeaudie) expresses a lot of empathy. Under the positivist prophets’ pen, the disciplines – religion, architecture, poetry, mathematics – are not separated but analogous and convertible. According to these thinkers, there is no difference between a poem, picture of the ideal city and utopia itself. Social innovation can only be told by the innovative form of the urban prose poem, and the Industrial Revolution calls for a revolution of poetic forms. The poeticity of these texts, inversely proportional to the realism and to the specialization of the lexicon used, stems from the art of suggestion and the rise of imagination renewed by technical, urban and scientific modernity.
FR
Cet article oppose les textes de propagande positive et ouvrière en vers français du XIXe siècle (Du Camp) à la prose lyrique et visionnaire des saint-simoniens (Duveyrier). À partir du jugement de Baudelaire sur l’incompatibilité entre poésie et didactisme, on s’interroge sur le statut et l’artialité de la poésie sociale. Du côté de la poésie ouvrière (Cent et une petites misères, Œuvre sociale), on découvre la verdeur de la langue populaire, la vis comica et la fantaisie tandis que la fable socialiste (Lachambeaudie) est remarquable par la compassion. Sous la plume des prophètes du progrès (Enfantin), les disciplines – religion, architecture, poésie, mathématiques – loin d’être cloisonnées, sont objets analogues et langages convertibles. Le poème, l’image et la cité idéale elle-même changent leurs caractéristiques et se correspondent. L’innovation sociale ne peut se dire qu’à travers la forme novatrice du poème en prose urbain et la Révolution industrielle appelle une révolution des formes poétiques. La poéticité de ces textes, inversement proportionnelle au réalisme et à la spécialisation du lexique employé, tient à un art de la suggestion et à l’essor d’un imaginaire renouvelé par la modernité technique, citadine et scientifique.
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Fins de l’art : la réception de Hegel dans la littérature française du XIXe siècle

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Olivier A. P.
Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)
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2022
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vol. 32
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issue Special Issue
15-35
EN
In a period of global pandemic and confinement to our homes, the end of art is not only a philosophical hypothesis, it is a fact of society. We have experienced that modern societies, those that were able to make art an absolute at one point in their history, no longer need the arts, or the physical presence of artists and spectators, or have considered them inessential, and therefore contingent. Is this what G. W. F. Hegel prophesied with his thesis of the end of art? In this paper I aim to clarify this by referring to the sources of Hegel’s lectures and by examining the reception by nineteenth-century French writers. 1) First, I give a reminder of the different ways in which Hegel’s theme of the end of art can be interpreted. 2) Then, I give a second reminder concerning the reception of Hegel’s Aesthetics in France, with a focus on the translations. 3) Finally, I propose to study three writers who determine three ways of conceiving the appropriation of Hegel in the 19th century and of the theme of the end of art: Théophile Gautier, Charles Baudelaire and Gustave Flaubert.
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Deux Narcisse, miroirs des fins: essai d’interprétation hégélien

54%
Ébert-Zeminová C.
Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)
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2022
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vol. 32
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issue Special Issue
55-67
EN
This paper attempts to cross-read the End of Art as it is conceptualized by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and André Gide’s and Jean Lorrain’s versions of the myth of Narcissus. The most relevant mythemes such as beauty, self-love, duplication, “specularity” and death are apprehended in their recovery by fin-de-siècle aesthetics. The hermeneutic back-and-forth movement between the two texts assesses the structural symbols carrying various models of the evolution of art and formulates what Hegel could have possibly understood by this concept. The results of our interpretation are then related to certain phenomena of the history of art, and particularly of literature in the 20th century.
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