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Proksemika. Studium z antropologii kulturowej

100%
Hendrykowski M.
Przestrzenie Teorii
|
2015
|
issue 23
EN
Marek Hendrykowski’s study deals with the semiotics of interpersonal proxemic relationships in today’s world. When analyzing this issue, the author puts forward three research hypotheses. First, interpersonal relationships that are connected with social space are not on the margins of systems of culture, but constitute a very important characteristic of each such system. Secondly, the traditional ways of defining proxemics, which emphasize the existence of interpersonal barriers,present the complex issues related to this field of science of signs and meanings too narrowly and usually in a schematic manner. And thirdly, the profound changes in proxemic relationships that are taking place in the macrosystem of contemporary culture have a major influence on the functioning of culture itself as well as on how individuals, groups and communities participate in this culture. When analyzed in terms of the proxemics of interpersonal relationships, the cultural ecosystem is not an abstract model but an operating system which governs the daily living conditionsof individuals, groups and communities.
PL
Marek Hendrykowski’s study deals with the semiotics of interpersonal proxemic relationships in today’s world. When analyzing this issue, the author puts forward three research hypotheses. First, interpersonal relationships that are connected with social space are not on the margins of systems of culture, but constitute a very important characteristic of each such system. Secondly, the traditional ways of defining proxemics, which emphasize the existence of interpersonal barriers, present the complex issues related to this field of science of signs and meanings too narrowly and usually in a schematic manner. And thirdly, the profound changes in proxemic relationships that are taking place in the macrosystem of contemporary culture have a major influence on the functioning of culture itself as well as on how individuals, groups and communities participate in this culture. When analyzed in terms of the proxemics of interpersonal relationships, the cultural ecosystem is not an abstract model but an operating system which governs the daily living conditions of individuals, groups and communities.
2
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Samorealizacja człowieka według Jerzego Chmurzyńskiego

100%
Perz T.
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 2
141-159
EN
The article presents the views of Jerzy Chmurzyński, the father of Polish ethology, on the mechanisms of human behavior in the context of ecological threats. In the process of evolution, man created a new reality - culture, which elevated him above the animal level. There are biological and cultural mechanisms present in human behavior, which are in different relations with each other in the phylogenetic perspective and in ontogenesis. In addition to cultural values, humans strive, like animals, for biological values. However, the human mechanism of behaviour is not just based on instincts, freedom of choice along with conscious ethics takes its place. Chmurzyński shows the precepts of biological ethics largely coinciding with the Decalogue, which protect biological values: individual homeostasis, maximisation of fitness and well-being. Most important is the call for self-realisation - “be yourself in your human nature”. The degradation of human nature is a significant cause of contemporary ecological threats, and Chmurzyński calls for good educational programmes to help the process of self-realisation, which will contribute to better protection of the environment.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia poglądy Jerzego Chmurzyńskiego, ojca polskiej etologii, na temat mechanizmów ludzkiego zachowania w kontekście zagrożeń ekologicznych. Człowiek w procesie ewolucji stworzył nową rzeczywistość - kulturę, która wyniosła go na ponad poziom zwierzęcy. W ludzkim zachowaniu są obecne mechanizmy biologiczne i kulturowe, które wchodzą ze sobą w rozmaite relacje w perspektywie filogenetycznej i w ontogenezie. Człowiek oprócz wartości kulturowych dąży, podobnie jak zwierzęta do osiągnięcia wartości biologicznych. Jednak ludzki mechanizm zachowania nie opiera się tylko na instynktach, w ich miejsce wchodzi wolność wyboru wraz ze świadomą etyką. Chmurzyński zarysowuje nakazy etyki biologicznej w znacznym stopniu zbieżne z Dekalogiem, które chronią wartości biologiczne: homeostazę osobniczą, maksymalizację dostosowania i dobrostan. Najważniejszym postulatem jest wezwanie do samorealizacji - „bądź sobą w swojej ludzkiej naturze”. Degradacja ludzkiej natury jest istotną przyczyną współczesnych zagrożeń ekologicznych, dlatego Chmurzyński postuluje o dobre programy wychowawcze, które pomogą w procesie samorealizacji, czym przyczynią się do lepszej ochrony środowiska naturalnego.
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