Search results

1

Industry 4.0 – the perspective of international economics. The case of Polish-German relationships

100%

Götz M.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2017

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issue 4(365)

169-185

EN

Industry 4.0 is associated with the Internet of Things, Internet of Services, and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). This revolution is profoundly transforming the current business models. There is a growing interest in this phenomenon among scholars, policy makers and representatives of business and industry as it poses several challenges to the national legal systems, labour markets and technical capacities. Yet little is known about the international context of the fourth industrial revolution. This paper aims at bridging the gap in this respect. Drawing on the Polish-German case it identifies the research areas worth considering and advances a hypothesis on economic ties in the context of Industry 4.0. The author outlines the premises of the fourth-generation industry, diagnoses and discusses the main risks and benefits associated with it. The paper might be regarded as a starting point for further, more detailed studies on this topic.

2

The importance of Research and Development expenditure for the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in Poland. The application of panel models

100%

Grzelak M. M., Laskowska I., Roszko-Wójtowicz E.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

|

2018

|

issue vol. 22 no. 3

9-22

EN

In contemporary research and economic discussions, a great deal of attention is paid to issues concerning the relationship between competitiveness and research and development (R&D) activity. The measurement and assessment of the impact of R&D activity are extremely difficult but at the same time very important, in particular for authorities determining the level of expenditure on R&D and the method of spending public funds as well as for enterprises assessing the expected profits derived from R&D. The main aim of the article is an attempt to quantify the impact of R&D expenditure on three selected characteristics defining the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises (gross value added, sold production and labour productivity). The analysis was carried out using panel models. The study makes use of statistical data published by the Central Statistical Office for individual divisions of manufacturing (Section C of the Polish Classification of Activities – PKD) in the years 2009-2016. The conducted analyses indicate that R&D expenditure constitutes a significant determinant of the competitiveness of the analysed divisions of manufacturing.

3

Shifts in Lithuania’s Agri-food Industry Export Competitiveness: a Comparative Analysis Versus High- and Medium-high Technology Manufacturing Industries

100%

Vitunskiene V., Serva E.

Oeconomia Copernicana

|

2015

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vol. 6

|

issue 1

7-31

EN

Given the rising importance of global value chain, this paper analyses long-run shifts in export competitiveness of Lithuania’s agri-food industry compared to high and medium-high-technology industries in the context of Lithuania’s export vertical specialization. The combination of two complementary parameters of competitiveness i.e. Balassa (1965) index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Total Effect (TE) index proposed by Nyssens and Poullet (cited in Ama-dor and Cabral, 2008, p. 202) were used. The matrix of both indexes builds on the scheme of analytical tool “products mapping” suggested by Widoto (2009). Our analytical tool is applied for the empirical analysis of export flows of goods by three end-use categories within aggregate agri-food industry the same as four manufacturing industries classified by R&D intensities, i.e. high-, medium-high-, medium-low- and low-technology industries. The OECD’s STAN Bilateral Trade Database by Industry and End-use category at the same time was applied to empirical analysis. The findings based on detailed analysis indicated significant differences in export competitiveness and its gains or losses in a long-term period among different reporting Lithuania’s industries and different goods by end-use category.

4

International Comparison of High-Technology Manufacturing and Knowledge-Intensive Services in the EU

100%

Auziņa-Emsiņa A.

Economics and Business

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2015

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vol. 27

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issue 1

18-22

EN

High-technology industries that apply the most advanced and cutting edge technologies are frequently analysed as an opposite to low-technology industries. Following a similar approach, services are subdivided by knowledge-intensity into two major dichotomic groups: knowledge-intensive services and less knowledge-intensive services. The aim of the research is to evaluate how these industries perform in reality, whether these industries have the largest value added and highest efficiency and productivity level as it is believed by theory and various policy documents.

5

Competency Needs of Industry 4.0 Companies

100%

Plawgo B., Ertman A.

Central European Management Journal

|

2021

|

vol. 29(4)

172-195

EN

Purpose: The main aim of the study is the analysis of the awareness of competency needs in businesses in relation to the development of Industry 4.0 and the possibility of meeting those needs within business cooperation networks. Methodology: We formed a model of competency needs for companies operating as part of Industry 4.0 in Poland, considering the needs of managers and other staff members. The model was then employed in empirical studies. The pilot empirical study was conducted using two methods: a quantitative CAWI method, which covered 81 companies from the metal processing and machine industry in Podlaskie Voivodship, and a qualitative IDI on a sample of 25 organizations. Findings: Manufacturing companies are not fully aware of the competency needs related to Industry 4.0, covered by the established model. Moreover, we found that the most strongly felt competency needs – both by managers and other employees – may not be met within the business cooperation network. In order to satisfy these needs, partners must be found outside the studied network. The business cooperation network that we studied may only satisfy the less noticeable competency needs. Implications: The developed competency model should be studied and further verified, including testing with a larger sample of companies, specifying the behavioral competency gaps related to Industry 4.0, their filling in using formal education systems, lifelong education, internships, and apprenticeships. The need for further research is dictated by the intensity of processes occurring within the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Value: The pilot nature of the study and its limited sample do not undermine its contribution to the body of knowledge as it confirms that the competencies of managers and other staff members are one of the key determinants of successful implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept in Poland.

6

Modelling of a computer integrated manufacturing and management system as a tool of organization improvement

88%

Lewoc J. B., Izworski A., Skowroński S., Chomiak-Orsa I.

Informatyka Ekonomiczna

|

2013

|

issue 4(30)

226-239

EN

This paper presents a predicted target architecture of an integrated manufacturing and management system, based on a metropolitan-type intranet and an industrial process control and monitoring network. Such systems are urgently required by prospective users, especially large-scale manufacturing enterprises. Nevertheless, neither big manufacturers of computer integrated manufacturing systems nor big manufacturers of computer integrated systems are willing to develop combined computer integrated manufacturing and management systems. To evaluate performance, a method developed for packet switching networks with end-to-end acknowledgement was applied. The paper describes the investigations carried out for the case study. Some consideration is given to the performance evaluation accuracy, based on the validation work results obtained from analytical work, simulation and measurements on the Polish pilot wide area network.

7

Manufacturing offshoring and reshoring in Poland. Evidence from the fashion and electromechanical meta-sectors

88%

Młody M., Fratocchi L.

Central European Review of Economics & Finance

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2022

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vol. 37

|

issue 2

35-56

EN

After decades of offshoring, in recent years, companies have sometimes revised their location decisions implementing one of the three alternatives of the so-called ?relocations of the second degree?. More specifically, they have relocated manufacturing activities either in their home country (back-shoring), in their home region (near-shoring), or in a further away location (further offshoring). While offshoring and relocations of the second degree have been heavily analysed in US and Western European countries, there is no evidence regarding companies in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper focuses on Polish companies belonging to the fashion and electromechanical meta-sectors. More specifically, it investigates the relocation of both manufacturing and supply activities. Based on 602 questionnaires collected during 2020-2021, it emerges that Polish companies rarely offshored their production activities in both the investigated industries. This is mainly explained by concerns in terms of reduced responsiveness, higher coordination and quality appraisal costs, and patriotism. Finally, some differences emerged in terms of geographical location between the two meta-sectors, inducing speculation that fashion companies were mainly boosted by efficiency-seeking aims, while electro-mechanical companies by market-seeking aims. Due to scant evidence of offshoring strategies, relocations of the second degree are very few. However, differences emerge between the two investigated meta-sectors. More specifically, when considering ?relocations of the second degree?, fashion companies preferred to back-shore, while electromechanical companies decided to relocate to a second host country.

8

Factors influencing structural power dynamics in buyer-supplier relationships: a power sources framework and application of the critical incident technique

88%

Siemieniako D., Kaliszewski P.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2022

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vol. 13

|

issue 1

151-179

EN

Research background: Although the literature on power asymmetry and power dynamics has recognized the issue of factors that cause power shifts in business-to-business relationships, a more systematic approach and research framework regarding the identification of these factors is lacking. There are attempts in business-to-business literature to use the critical incident technique to study dynamic phenomena, but there are no studies on the factors that increase and decrease the power of suppliers in their relationships with dominant buyers. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the most significant changes in suppliers' power in relationships with dominant buyers. An important objective is also to determine to which power sources the identified factors are assigned. This is crucial for business practitioners, who will be able to adjust their actions when managing a relationship with a dominating partner through knowledge of their own strengths as well as weaknesses. Methods: The study is based on analysis of questionnaires with open-ended questions, and uses the critical incident technique to investigate the behaviour of dyadic parties at key moments in buyer-seller relationships. We have focused on investigation of manufacturing companies mainly from the furniture, construction, energy and printing industries. The analysis of the data was based on the abductive approach as a combination of inductive and deductive coding. Findings & value added: In comparison to previous studies, which did not distinguish the level of importance of each factor, we have obtained only those factors with the greatest impact on power dynamics. We have also obtained factors which can decrease suppliers' power, whereas the literature focuses mostly on factors increasing suppliers' power. The research results reveal the factors that affect an increase and decrease in the power of weaker suppliers in relationships with dominant buyers. First- and second-order factors were identified, and subsequently 3 overarching dimensions for each increase and decrease in supplier power were deduced from the results. The most important overall dimension for the increase in power was the building of suppliers' power capabilities, while the decrease in suppliers' power was most influenced by transactional changes and changes in buyer's expectations. The results can be helpful for managers in focusing their attention on expert power in order to gain knowledge and prepare a practical background for managing asymmetric relationships. It is important to mention that the critical incident technique used in this study has not yet been used to represent power dynamics in B2B relationship literature.

9

Innovation in the Wholesale and Retail Sectors in the Czech Republic 2008-2014

88%

Marek V.

Littera Scripta

|

2018

|

issue 1

145-154

EN

This paper focuses on the innovation activities of Czech wholesale and retail companies between 2006 and 2014. Based on data from four Czech Innovation Surveys (2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014), 1,630 observations were made about companies in the trade sector. The subsequent estimations are based on the structural modelling of the innovation process, i.e. decision to innovate, innovation input and innovation output. The size of a company was found to increase the probability of engagement in new-to-the-market innovation, however, no statistically significant relationship could be established for the intensity of innovation input or output. Being part of a group of companies was found to be a positive contributor to innovation activities, in particular in the first stage (decision, R&D input) of the innovation process. Significant differences were also found between the manufacturing and trade sectors in terms of market orientation. Having a national market focus was found to be linked to an increased probability of innovation, with a broader market focus proving not to be a significant factor during the analysed period. The trade sector was also found to engage in more types of innovation activities (processes, logistics and others), whereby the direct link between innovation input and innovation output was found to be in product innovation. Product innovation was also the only type of innovation in this sector which directly contributed to sales of new-to-the-market goods and services per employee. However, innovation activities were dampened in times of economic crisis, but only in terms of lower sales of innovated goods and services. The decision to innovate remained on average unchanged in the period 2006-2012.

10

SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF A PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH SELECTED SIX SIGMA RATIOS

88%

Dobrzyński M., Waszczur P.

LogForum

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2012

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vol. 8

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issue 1

47-54

EN

Background: Computer technologies allow more and more to model as well as to perform simulation experiments of various processes. The simulation analysis provides a better understanding of the interdependencies between various stages of production processes. Methods: The results of simulation studies were presented, the aim of them was to show the opportunities of the analysis of the process according to the scenarios and variants developed in connection with the qualitative assessment process. The study was based on simulation models developed and programmed for the processing of parts in an automated production line. The results of the conducted simulation experiments were referred to the primary ratios of the system work like the use of machines and other means of production, capacity, number of defects, etc. The analysis of the process was expanded by the qualitative assessment, based on selected ratios used in Six Sigma methodology. Results: The significant influence of the identification of so-called "hidden factories" in the production process on the value of sigma level was observed. Conclusions: The application of Six Sigma methodology and its statistical methods has a significant importance in the estimation and improvement of processes. The identification and the choice of number of inspection points are important for the monitoring and evaluation of the whole process. The obtained results confirmed the earlier assumptions of great importance of "hidden factories". Not revealing them influences significantly the quality of a process.

11

Innovation in the Canadian textile industry

88%

Kollarova S., Persaud A.

Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business

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2013

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vol. 13

|

issue 2

32-48

EN

This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the innovation and business strategies of Canadian textile firms. The results show that the textile industry is in a state of decline due mainly to competitive pressures resulting from economic and regulatory changes. The results also show that while the industry recognizes the need for innovation, the current strategies and practices do not seem to be aligned to their strategic goals of fostering innovation.

12

Economic Structure and Regional Economic Performance in Advanced Eu Economies

88%

Stojčić N., Bezić H., Galović T.

South East European Journal of Economics and Business

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2016

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vol. 11

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issue 1

54-66

EN

Recent economic turmoil has revived interest in the quest for sustainable growth. Current economic thinking attaches growing importance to industrial development. The roots of such thinking can be traced back to traditional arguments about the beneficial role of manufacturing for economic growth through horizontal and vertical spillovers to other sectors. These spillovers are of particular importance at the regional level, as such externalities tend to be localized in nature. The objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between economic structure and regional growth in ten Western European EU member states in the post-crisis period. The analysis wishes to answer the question of whether regions with a higher concentration of manufacturing outperform their counterparts with more diverse economic structures. A spatial panel econometric technique is applied in order to distinguish between the intra-regional and inter-regional effects of economic structure, yielding recommendations for policy makers in the field of industrial policy.

13

Business Demography, Job Flows and Productivity in Poland’s Enterprise Sector

88%

Rogowski W., Socha J.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2008

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vol. 224

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issue 5-6

1-23

EN

The article deals with Poland’s transition to a market economy in the 1990s and compares the changes that took place in the Polish economy at the time with developments in mature economies. Using three indexes-the enterprise turnover rate, job flow rates, and productivity growth decomposition-the authors attempt to show that transition processes in Poland have had a positive effect on the country’s enterprise sector, though there is still a lot of work to be done. These three indexes help understand the structural changes that occurred during the transition from central planning to an open market economy in Poland. Using a unique set of data from Polish companies, the authors calculated several measures of resource reallocation, along with enterprise entry and exit rates, and job flow rates. Moreover, they computed the labor productivity growth rate. The high rates of resource reallocation suggest that the Schumpeterian processes of creative destruction have played a major role in productivity enhancement. Surprisingly, labor productivity decomposition shows that the “within effect” influenced productivity the most, while the net entry effect was significant and positive. The poor availability of data explains why the authors were unable to calculate more sophisticated measures of productivity growth. The quality of the data may be also responsible for the substantial sensitivity of the results to the productivity decomposition method.

14

Do crises offer oppportunities? An evaluation of manufacturing industry in Şanlıurfa (Turkey) under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic1

88%

Şahinalp M. S.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2022

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vol. 36

|

issue 2

107-125

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic starting in 2019 in Wuhan, China, adversely affected social and economic life all over the world. Many scientific studies and reports by international organisations show that particularly industrial activities have declined drastically due to the pandemic. This purpose of the study is to reveal the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the manufacturing industry in Şanlıurfa province regarding the number of investment certificates, investment value and the number of jobs created. In this context, industry data of the years prior to and after the year 2019 were obtained from the Turkish Ministry of Industry and Technology. These data were analysed by qualitative and quantitative methods. According to the findings of the study, there was an increase in the number of investment certificates (37.4%) and the investment value (211.9%) but a decline in the number of jobs created (3.3%) in the manufacturing industry in Şanlıurfa in 2020, compared to 2018. However, in the first half of 2021, the number of investment certificates issued was equivalent to 84.6%, the investment value 175.7%, and the number of added jobs 36.9% of 2018. Reasons such as the economic support measures taken during the pandemic, the incentives that given to the Şanlıurfa province, supplying raw materials within the provincial boundaries have a considerable place in the manufacturing sector in Şanlıurfa to be less affected by the pandemic.

15

Impact Of The Manufacturing Sector On The Export Competitiveness Of European Countries – A Spatial Panel Analysis

88%

Kordalska A., Olczyk M.

Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

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2014

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vol. 17

|

issue 4

105-120

EN

The purpose of this paper is to determine how changes in the export competitiveness of the EU economy (measured by exports and net exports) depend on changes in the competitiveness of processing industries, on the basis of manufacturing data from 19 EU countries over years 1995-2009 and using a spatial panel data model. The determinants of export competitiveness are selected in the light of predictions from international trade theory, growth theory and the theory of innovation. In particular, the paper explores how the size of foreign demand, the value of domestic demand, the level of ULC in the sector, the degree of openness of the sector to foreign markets, labour productivity and intermediate consumption in a sector affect the export competitiveness of the European economies selected. The results from spatial data models lead to a conclusion about the statistical significance of spatial dependencies in export competitiveness modelling. The analysis indicates the different determinants of export competitiveness, both if it is measured by export value and if it measured by net exports. The authors hope that the results will be a voice in the discussion on enhancing the competitiveness of European industrial sectors

16

The impact of R&D expenditure on productivity in the manufacturing industry in Poland

88%

Roszko-Wójtowicz E., Grzelak M. M., Laskowska I.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

|

2019

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issue vol. 23 no. 4

112-138

EN

EU strategy documents, including the Europe 2020 Strategy, emphasise the priority role of industry in the growth of EU economies. The aim of the presented research is to measure and assess the impact of expenditure on research and development (R&D) activities on the competitiveness of manufacturing divisions in Poland. Labour productivity, expressed as (1) a quotient of gross value added and employment, and (2) a quotient of sold production and employment in the analysed manufacturing divisions, was adopted as the measure of competitiveness. The empirical part of the paper is based on data published by the Central Statistical Office. The analysis covers the period 2009-2017 and provides a contribution to determining the role and importance of research and development as well as innovative activities in shaping competitive advantages of manufacturing enterprises. The obtained results for panel models confirm that R&D expenditure is a secondary factor in changes occurring in the Polish manufacturing industry.

17

The Evolution of the German industrial policy in the context of challenges to the global economy

88%

Ulbrych M.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2017

|

issue 2(363)

277-293

EN

The manufacturing sector plays a much stronger role as a driver of growth and employment in Germany than in other countries. Therefore it seems appropriate to identify the essential features of German manufacturing and to analyse the evolution of industrial policy priorities in this country. In this respect, the research is performed primarily on the basis of the review of the literature and an analysis of statistical data.

18

Sales range and innovative activity in the manufacturing system of Poland

88%

Świadek A.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

|

2018

|

vol. 13

|

issue 4

725-740

EN

Research background: In the literature, there is a discussion on the importance of the spatial distance from the user in the context innovation activity. However, most of this kind of studies concentrate on exporting enterprises and compare them to domestic ones. Exporting activity is very important for catching-up countries, because of technology transfer in its background. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to determine whether the innovative activity in Poland?s manufacturing system is a consequence of close interactions (local and regional), or perhaps conditioned by the imperative of functioning on the national and international market. The main hypothesis was that on the current development level of Poland, the relationship between the range of sales and innovation activities are different from those in the more developed countries. Methods: Empirical studies was created in 2006?2012 as a result of the systematic collection of questionnaires filled by manufacturing enterprises in Poland from all regions (5209 correct fulfilled questionnaires). Methodical analysis was based on the theory of probability ? probit modeling, because dependent variables were binary (0 or 1). Findings & Value added: Local and regional space is not stimulating innovation activity in opposite to national one. High intensity observed only when the company has been working on the international market. It means that the industry maturity level in Poland is good enough for creating a domestic innovation environment. This kind of an aggregation level should be stimulated by the government innovation policy.

19

Determinants of trade balance in Polish and Czech manufacturing sectors

88%

Olczyk M., Kordalska A.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

|

2018

|

vol. 13

|

issue 3

445-466

EN

Research background: A strong industrial base is essential for achieving long-term sustainable economic growth and export competitiveness. In that sense, manufacturing remains a significant contributor to exports in the CEE countries. How-ever, its role and its influence vary between CEE economies and change over time. Purpose of the article: The main objective of this paper is to compare the determinants of the international competitiveness, measured by the net exports of the manufacturing sectors in the Czech and Polish economies, by using the database of 13 manufacturing sub-sectors in 1995-2011. The authors research the question of how much foreign and domestic demand, the level of labour costs, the level of sector innovation intensity, the level of sector openness to foreign markets as well as sectoral labour productivity influence the changes in trade balance. Methods: Our approach is based on employing an error correction model and SUR model to disaggregated sectoral manufacturing data. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis conducted show substantial differences in the roles particular variables play in explaining the net exports in individual sectors. For the majority of Polish and Czech manufacturing sub-sectors, generation of positive trade balance is determined by relative demand growth. An increasing labour productivity influences heavily a positive trade balance of Polish goods in majority of sub-sectors, however, a key factor in Czech sub-sectors is decreasing unit labour costs. The results of the analysis indicate mostly a greater impact of the researched factors on net exports in long rather than short term and the better capacity of the Czech economy to correct deviations from the equilibrium.

20

Computer integrated manufacturing and management systems. An emerging application of control and management

88%

Lewoc J. B., Izworski A., Skowroński S., Kieleczawa A., Dimirovski G., Chomiak-Orsa I.

Informatyka Ekonomiczna

|

2013

|

issue 1(27)

33-45

EN

An approach to factory automation is the basis for a case study of Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Management systems (CIMMs). The paper presents some experience in large-scale systems and the current state-of-the-art for the domain. A feasible approach is proposed, based on prospective user expectations and the system development with the use of so-called first thread for which the standards facilitating the development of subsequent systems should be developed, and people acquainted with both manufacturing and management problems should be educated. There is also depicted some research work intended for facilitating the design and implementation of future CIMMs.

Refine search results

Industry 4.0 – the perspective of international economics. The case of Polish-German relationships

The importance of Research and Development expenditure for the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in Poland. The application of panel models

Shifts in Lithuania’s Agri-food Industry Export Competitiveness: a Comparative Analysis Versus High- and Medium-high Technology Manufacturing Industries

International Comparison of High-Technology Manufacturing and Knowledge-Intensive Services in the EU

Competency Needs of Industry 4.0 Companies

Modelling of a computer integrated manufacturing and management system as a tool of organization improvement

Manufacturing offshoring and reshoring in Poland. Evidence from the fashion and electromechanical meta-sectors

Factors influencing structural power dynamics in buyer-supplier relationships: a power sources framework and application of the critical incident technique

Innovation in the Wholesale and Retail Sectors in the Czech Republic 2008-2014

SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF A PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH SELECTED SIX SIGMA RATIOS

Innovation in the Canadian textile industry

Economic Structure and Regional Economic Performance in Advanced Eu Economies

Business Demography, Job Flows and Productivity in Poland’s Enterprise Sector

Do crises offer oppportunities? An evaluation of manufacturing industry in Şanlıurfa (Turkey) under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic1

Impact Of The Manufacturing Sector On The Export Competitiveness Of European Countries – A Spatial Panel Analysis

The impact of R&D expenditure on productivity in the manufacturing industry in Poland

The Evolution of the German industrial policy in the context of challenges to the global economy

Sales range and innovative activity in the manufacturing system of Poland

Determinants of trade balance in Polish and Czech manufacturing sectors

Computer integrated manufacturing and management systems. An emerging application of control and management