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EN
An iron spearhead accidentally found in 2020 in the woods of Rudnik nad Sanem, was initially described as a piece of the spear and dated, on the basis of its shape, back to the Middle Ages, most probably to 10th–13th century. In the course of conservation work the remains of wood from the socket were restored. Wood species analysis revealed that the shaft was made of maple tree. C14 dating shows that it originated from Modern Period, most likely from the 17th century. In light of these discoveries one should conclude that the spearhead was not part of a spear, but of a javelin used as a hunting weapon, probably in the 17th century.
PL
This article is an analysis of maple motives, which occurred in collection of Warmian and Masurian folk songs elaborated in XIX and XX century. The purpose of this study was to define meaning and function botanic vocabulary mentioned in folkloristic texts and to compare poetic representation of maple motif with its role in every-day-life and culture of Warmia and Masuria’s inhabitants. As it was deducted from maintained analysis, the folk output and botanic themes are a valuable source of information about identity of rural population from Warmia and Masuria territories. Utilization of maple motif in folksongs is characteristic for its strong resemblance to empiric reality, in which the plant plays a great role in every-day-life and in immaterial culture.
EN
This paper aims to explore the modern deposition of lime and maple pollen in various plant communities as compared to the results obtained in palynological analyses of the Holocene paleosols in Kaczórki (the Middle Roztocze) and the Błędów Desert which are characterized by very high amounts of the pollen of these trees. The research shows that a high annual deposition of both lime and maple pollen on the soil surface is possible. This deposition far surpasses the average pollen values recorded in the Holocene but is not as high as those recorded in fossil soils. In relation to paleosols in Kaczórki such results show that lime and maple were important components of forests surrounding dune and simultaneously point to the fact that the deposition of pollen in these soils was a complex process.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
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