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EN
Contemporary economy can be characterized by a simultaneous lack of space, growth of international exchange, growing importance of international corporations and internationalization of financial phenomena, which is undoubtedly favoured by the development of IT techniques. At the same time, along with the development of the knowledge-based economy as a new economic paradigm, the importance of the so-called spatial development increases in the development of spatial units, new factors that primarily include the quality of human capital, specific ICT infrastructure and the quality of business environment institutions. Territorial units must behave flexibly and be part of new trends. The article presents loose considerations on contemporary socio-economic conditions affecting the development of local and regional systems.
PL
W opracowaniu przedstawiono ogólne zagadnienia dotyczące procesów innowacyjności. Zwrócono uwagę na niski poziom innowacyjności w Polsce. Przedstawiono także dane dotyczące liczby zgłaszanych w Polsce patentów w latach 2010 – 2012, stanowiących jeden z jej wyznaczników.
EN
The article presents the main points concerning the innovation processes. Attention was drawn to the low level of innovation in Poland. The Author also presented data on the number of reported patents in Poland between 2010 - 2012, constituting one of its determinants.
EN
The paper consists of three parts. The first discusses the meaning of the concepts of economic growth and development. In the second part, factors of economic growth have been classified (in the traditional and modern approach) and the role of qualitative factors is stressed. Determinants of growth in different theoretical models including the classical, Keynesian, and neoclassical ones (R. Solow, T. Swan et al.) are also presented, with particular emphasis on endogenous growth theory initiated by P.M. Romer. The third part of the paper discusses types of economic growth including extensive, intensive, permanent and sustainable – with stress placed on the role of eco-development and the knowledge-based economy). The article looks at the main changes occurring in the modern economy.
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EN
There is conducted an analysis of statistical results of economic activity of the largest companies of the world in 2013 based on the data of the Forbes magazine. The innovative market model (ІММ) of open market is applied for this analysis. This IMM was developed before. The innovative market model (ІММ) of open market is confirmed by statistical material of the world economy. This model allows forecasting and affecting objective factors, influencing profitability and prospects of growth of efficiency of the company, and is applied for increase of its capitalisation.
PL
Przeprowadzono analizę wyników statystycznych działalności gospodarczej największych firm na świecie w roku 2013 na podstawie danych czasopisma Forbes. Do analizy zastosowano model rynku innowacyjnego (МRI) na otwartym rynku. MRI został opracowany wcześniej. Model rynku innowacyjnego (MRI) na otwartym rynku znajduje potwierdzenie w materiałach statystycznych gospodarki światowej. Model ten pozwala na prognozowanie i oddziaływanie na obiektywne czynniki, wpływając na rentowność i perspektywy wzrostu skuteczności firmy i jest stosowany do zwiększenia jej kapitalizacji.
RU
Провели анализ статистических результатов экономической деятельности крупнейших компаний в мире в 2013 г. на основе данных журнала «Форбс». Для этого анализа применили модель инновационного рынка (МИР) на открытом рынке. Модель МИР была разработана рыньше. Модель инноваци- онного рынка (МИР) на открытом рынке подтверждается статистическим материалом мировой экономики. Эта модель позволяет прогнозировать и она оказывает воздействие на объективные факторы, влияя на рентабельность и перспективы роста эффективности компании; она применяется для повышения капитализации активов фирмы.
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