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EN
The subject of this paper is an overview of changes in the material and spiritual life of Germans living in St. Petersburg in the late 19th – early 20th century. The overview of various facets of life of German population of St. Petersburg makes it possible to comprehensively address the problem of transformation of the State nationalities policy toward the largest ethnic diaspora in the Imperial Capital. The research work of Russian and foreign scholars became the theoretical framework for the article that enabled to ensure continuity of historical analysis. This study used a problematic and chronological approach to review the dynamics of state legislative initiatives related to in relation to the German community of St. Petersburg. The legislative acts issued in the Russian Empire during the period under study to toughen up the legal regulations governing the life of Russian Germans served as the factual basis of the overview. The conclusions drawn in the paper give a better idea of general trends in the nationalities policy of the Russian state in the midst of the most important domestic and international events of the late 19th and early 20th century.
PL
W artykule zbadano działalność ukraińskich partii i społeczno-politycznych zjednoczeń Ukrainy Zachodniej: klerykalno-konserwatywnego kierunku ukraińskiej organizacji chrześcijańskiej, ukraińskiego związku katolickiego i ukraińskiej katolickiej partii ludowej. Wyjaśniono miejsce kwestii narodowej w ich programach, stosunek do hasła autonomii Ukrainy Zachodniej w obrębie państwa polskiego i możliwej niezależności całej Ukrainy. Przeanalizowano również w tym kontekście postanowienia partyjnych konferencji, dyskusje prowadzone na łamach gazet i czasopism określonych politycznych organizacji. Przedstawiono ponadto poglądy na temat stosunków ukraińsko-polskich greckokatolickiego metropolity Anrzeja Szeptickego i biskupa Grigorija Chomyszyna.
EN
In the article activity of Ukrainian parties and social and political associations of conservative-clerical direction in Western Ukraine –UKA, UKS, UKNP (UNA)– is explored. The place of national question in their programs is found out. The attitude to the slogan of autonomy of Western Ukraine within Poland and possible independence of Ukraine was researched. It analyzes the decision of party conferences, discussions on this subject on the pages of print media related to political organizations. Looks to character of Ukrainian-Polish relations of metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi and bishop Hrygory Khomyshyn are exposed.
DE
In dem Artikel werden die Aktivitäten der ukrainischen politischen Parteien und sozialpolitischen Organisationen der westlichen Ukraine klerikal-konservative Richtung UKA, UCS, UKNP (UNF) untersucht. Es werden die nationale Frage in ihren Programmen und die Haltung zur Autonomie der westlichen Ukraine innerhalb Polens und einer möglichen Unabhängigkeit der Ukraine untersucht. Es werden die Entscheidung des Parteitages und Diskussionen zu diesem Thema auf den Seiten von Printmedien der entsprechenden politischen Organisationen analysiert. Die Ansichten über die Natur der ukrainisch-polnischen Beziehungen von griechisch-katholischem Metropoliten Andrej Sheptytsky und Bischof Gregor Khomyshyn wurden entdeckt.
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