Search results

1

The End of Life As “Non” Death

100%

Tarca L. V.

Ethics in Progress

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2019

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vol. 10

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issue 1

153-172

EN

Taking the cue from some verses of Rilke’s Duineser Elegien, where the poet talks about the distinction between life and death, a distinction which mortals perform too rigidly, in this paper I discuss the contrast just between life and death, in order to understand the conditions under which the first truly distinguishes itself from the latter. This happens to the extent that life is also distinguished from the denial of death because otherwise, being the negation a form of necation (nex = killing, murder), the presumed denial of death would reverse in a triumph of death. In the present age this circumstance is particularly evident and significant, since humanity aims at a technological realization of im‑mortality, understood as the denial of death. To the extent that this remains a negative operation, it takes the form of the scrapping of mortals. True liberation/salvation from death presupposes that the negation itself is called into question. Only on this condition, in fact, is possible a life free from any form of necation. This freedom presupposes, inter alia, a “non” education, intended as an education to be able to freely play with the negative of death and denial.

2

Processing Negation in the Context of Adjectival Antonymy

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Maciuszek J.

Psychology of Language and Communication

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2008

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vol. 12

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issue 2

17-43

EN

In a series of experimental studies we deal with processing negation in adjectives, with recognition of their affective value. For the studied material we chose adjectives describing people in categories of positive and negative characters. We used linguistic and extralinguistic negation (known also as external negation) to study the difficulty (measured in time of categorizing and number of mistakes) in processing negated adjectives which belonged to three groups, distinguished on the function of the morpheme "no". The main effect of negation type, as well as interaction of the negation factor and the affective sign of the adjectives, occurred in every group. The type of applied negation determined which adjectives, positive or negative, were categorized faster and more appropriately. The study showed close interaction between cognitive and affective processing.

3

Négation et le non-dit. Vers le sens social de la Russie dans la presse écrite française

100%

Rębkowska A.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2021

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issue 12

125-135

EN

This paper deals with the social meaning of Russia in the French Press Discourse. The particular aim is to examine the nature and the role of negation, which seems to be one of the mechanisms that have a considerable impact on the construction of the meaning of the Proper Name. We discuss, on the one hand, the role of negation that affects the reformulations of la Russie within attributive structures and, on the other hand, the negation in the conditional propositions of structure si A, B (if A, B). Corpus material is taken from the French national daily press and published in March 2014, at the time of the annexation of Crimea.

4

Negation in Weak Positional Calculi

100%

Tkaczyk M.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2013

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vol. 22

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issue 1

3-19

EN

Four weak positional calculi are constructed and examined. They refer to the use of the connective of negation within the scope of the positional connective “R” of realization. The connective of negation may be fully classical, partially analogical or independent from the classical, truth- functional negation. It has been also proved that the strongest system, containing fully classical connective of negation, is deductively equivalent to the system MR from Jarmużek and Pietruszczak.

5

Negative-mutational verbs and presupposition in Czech

100%

Veselý L., Veselý V.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2019

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vol. 80

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issue 4

265-284

EN

The aim of this contribution is to analyze the meaning of the Czech verbs zůstat ‘stay, remain’, nechat ‘keep, leave, let’ and zapomenout ‘forget’. We will argue they are mutational verbs sui generis: their positive forms express a denial that a mutational action has been carried out, whereas the negative forms express the carrying out of a mutation. Since such behaviour is contrary to prototypically mutational verbs, we call zůstat, nechat and zapomenout negative-mutational verbs. This construal makes it possible to maintain the assumption that a presupposition of an initial situation is a sufficient condition for the mutational meaning. If combined with an infinitive complement, the verbs zůstat, nechat, zapomenout belong to the class of implicative verbs (zapomenout is negative-implicative). In this use, the given verbs retain the status of negative-mutational verbs provided certain conditions imposed on the infinitive are fulfilled.

CS

Cílem příspěvku je analýza významu českých sloves zůstat, nechat a zapomenout. Ukážeme, že jde o mutační slovesa sui generis: svými pozitivními tvary popírají provedení mutační akce, zatímco svými negativními tvary vyjadřují provedení mutace. Jelikož chování prototypicky mutačních sloves je právě opačné, interpretujeme zůstat, nechat a zapomenout jako slovesa negativně mutační. Uvedené pojetí umožňuje zachování předpokladu, že presupozice výchozí situace je postačující podmínkou pro mutační význam slovesa. Kombinují-li se slovesa zůstat, nechat a zapomenout s infinitivem, patří do třídy sloves implikativních (zapomenout je negativně implikativní). Stále jde o slovesa negativně mutační, pokud tomu nebrání sémantika infinitivu.

6

Metafora w dyskursie politycznym

100%

DOBRZYŃSKA T.

Stylistyka

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2009

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vol. 18

65-84

PL

Metaphor is not infrequently madę use of in political discourse as a suggestive means of expressing a meaning and communicating assessments, that is, as an instrument of persu- asion rendering it possible to shape the recipients’ views, opinions and behaviours from the standpoint of interests of a specified political party or social group. This role is best served by metaphors with a simple syntactic structure, highly conventionalised and em- ploying stereotypical content in their vehicle. In her description of metaphor’s me- aning-creating mechanism, the author emphasises the particular status of metaphoric pre- dicate that is suggested by the utterance’s sender and independently produced by the rece- iver using the metaphor vehicle’s connotation. The valuing so expressed is not subject to direct negation and so is quite powerful in terms of persuasiveness. Use of metaphors car- rying different valuing connotations whilst originating from a single notional field, as well as inventive witty transformation of the metaphor carrier practised in order to divert one’s attention from the evaluating content transferred by the same, can serve to neutrali- se an assessment being suggested by a metaphor. Ludic operations, often carried out on metaphors, enhance by themselves the persuasive power of utterances madę by politi- cians.

7

What is a Genuine Intuitionistic Notion of Falsity?

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Shramko Y.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2012

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vol. 21

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issue 1

3-23

EN

I highlight the importance of the notion of falsity for a seman- tical consideration of intuitionistic logic. One can find two principal (and non-equivalent) versions of such a notion in the literature, namely, falsity as non-truth and falsity as truth of a negative proposition. I argue in favor of the first version as the genuine intuitionistic notion of falsity.

8

Don’t pay attention to what you see! Negative commands and attention bias

100%

Maciuszek J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2013

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vol. 44

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issue 1

70-84

EN

The paper presents research into the effects of the use of negations in directives (orders, suggestions, requests). Three experiments are described that tested the effects of instructions formulated in various ways: direct (pay attention to) and negated (don’t pay attention to) commands to focus the attention. Indicators of attention focusing that were used include: the correctness of answers to questions about a selection of comic book pages (Experiment 1); the time needed to name the colours of stimulus words and the level of recall of these words after completion of the colour naming task (Experiment 2 and 3). The results showed that a direct command infl uenced all indicators of attention focusing. However, a negated command increased the level of recall of details about the comic book pages, as well as the level of key word recall. Both the automatic process that generates the paradoxical effects of negated commands, as well as the controlled process of reasoning, may be responsible for the results of the memory task.

9

Adolf Reinach, Negative States of Affairs and the Concept of Omission

100%

Woleński J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2020

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vol. 90

5-14

EN

This paper examines Adolf Reinach’s views about negative states of affairs. The author briefly presents the history of the issue from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. The views of Reinach and Roman Ingarden are compared. A special focus is ascribed to the problem of omissions in the legal sense. According to the author, a proper solution to the problem of negative states of affairs locates negation at the level of language, not in reality.

10

Sztuczne raje prawdopodobieństwa. O funkcjach negowania w wierszu pt. Dworzec Wisławy Szymborskiej i jego angielskim przekładzie autorstwa Stanisława Barańczaka i Clare Cavanagh

88%

Stanisz A.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2017

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issue 1 (19) W kręgu badań językoznawczych

259-271

EN

The aim of this article is to interpret Szymborska’s poem entitled The Railroad Station and its English translation, from the point of view of the key poetics of negation. From the point of view of linguistics, literary studies, and translation studies, the poem is demonstrative of the variety of forms of negation and their semantic functions used in Szymborska’s entire oeuvre. The translators use numerous and various forms of formal and semantic negation as well, but they lack the central pragmatic negation. Szymborska doubts whether ‘our’ world is the best of possible worlds: since there is only one course of events, ‘the paradise of probability’ is ‘artificial’; the world is a burial ground of possibilities that did not come true.

11

Negation im Alznerischen

88%

Dolatowski M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2018

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issue 14

33-41

EN

The Halcnovian lect has been spoken in daily communication in Hałcnów, a village in the former Bielsko-Biała’s language island, until 1945. Today it is almost extinct. The lect is one of Silesian East German dialects, but it developed independently for about 500 years. Because of the former language situation in the village, also the triglossia, there are elements and constructions that may be loaned from Polish or German. In this paper, first, the story of the village is presented, a short description of the Halcnovian grammar follows. The main part of the article contains a description of all possibilities to negate in the lect, there are also listed many examples. Possible foreign influences are investigated also. The analysis shows that the Halcnovian negation was lightly, but evidently influenced by other languages and that is a proof for a long and intensive language contact in the village.

12

A Meinongian minefield? The dangerous implications of nonexistent objects

88%

Swanson C.

Human Affairs

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2012

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vol. 22

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issue 2

161-177

EN

Alexius Meinong advocated a bold new theory of nonexistent objects, where we could gain knowledge and assert true claims of things that did not exist. While the theory has merit in interpreting sentences and solving puzzles, it unfortunately paves the way for contradictions. As Bertrand Russell argued, impossible objects, such as the round square, would have conflicting properties. Meinong and his proponents had a solution to that charge, posing genuine and non-genuine versions of the Law of Non-Contradiction. No doubt, they had a clever response, but it may not adequately address Russell’s concern. Moreover, as I argue, genuine contradictions are inherent to the set of all nonexistent objects. And such contradictions lead to even further absurdities, for example, that nonexistent objects have and lack every property. Unfortunately, such implications of the theory make it too treacherous to adopt.

13

Co-constructive Logics for Proofs and Refutations

88%

Trafford J.

Studia Humana

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 4

22-40

EN

This paper considers logics which are formally dual to intuitionistic logic in order to investigate a co-constructive logic for proofs and refutations. This is philosophically motivated by a set of problems regarding the nature of constructive truth, and its relation to falsity. It is well known both that intuitionism can not deal constructively with negative information, and that defining falsity by means of intuitionistic negation leads, under widely-held assumptions, to a justification of bivalence. For example, we do not want to equate falsity with the non-existence of a proof since this would render a statement such as “pi is transcendental” false prior to 1882. In addition, the intuitionist account of negation as shorthand for the derivation of absurdity is inadequate, particularly outside of purely mathematical contexts. To deal with these issues, I investigate the dual of intuitionistic logic, co-intuitionistic logic, as a logic of refutation, alongside intuitionistic logic of proofs. Direct proof and refutation are dual to each other, and are constructive, whilst there also exist syntactic, weak, negations within both logics. In this respect, the logic of refutation is weakly paraconsistent in the sense that it allows for statements for which, neither they, nor their negation, are refuted. I provide a proof theory for the co-constructive logic, a formal dualizing map between the logics, and a Kripke-style semantics. This is given an intuitive philosophical rendering in a re-interpretation of Kolmogorov's logic of problems.

14

Negation and lexical morphology across languages: Insights from a trilingual translation corpus

88%

Cartoni B., Lefer M.-A.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2011

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vol. 47

795

EN

This paper proposes an exploratory cross-linguistic bird’s eye-view of negative lexical morphology by examining English, French and Italian negative derivational affixes. More specifically, it aims to uncover the French and Italian equivalents of the English affixes de, dis, in, non, un and less. These include morphological equivalents (i.e. negative prefixes in French and Italian) as well as non-morphological equivalents (i.e. single words devoid of negative affixation, multi-word units or paraphrases). The study relies on a nine-million-word trilingual translation corpus made up of texts from the Europarl corpus and shows that the systematic analysis of translation data makes it possible to identify the major morphological dissimilarities between the three languages investigated. The frequent use of non-morphological translations in French and Italian reflects fundamental differences between the source language (English) and the two target lan-guages (French and Italian), hence pointing to possible translation difficulties. Morphological translations, on the other hand, bring to light cross-linguistic similarities in the use of negative affixes.

15

Skepticizmus – rôzne podoby, rôzne problémy

88%

Démuth A.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2016

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vol. 64

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issue 5

705-723

EN

This article focuses on the presentation of the basic forms of scepticism and sceptical argumentation denying the possibility of gaining knowledge in the sense of its tripartite definition (justified true belief). The author presents a selection of historical objections to the attainability and knowability of truth and the possibility of gaining complete or adequate true justification of knowledge, but also objections concentrating on the understanding of knowledge as conscious and fully-reflected true belief. In the second part of the article the author attempts to argue against advocates of the unjustifiability of knowledge (holding that there do not exist any sufficient or partly good reasons for knowledge) by pointing to the existence of various levels of persuasiveness of particular opinions and beliefs and by showing the meaninglessness of the distinction between knowledge and supposition in conceptions that deny knowledge any kind of good reasons. In conclusion there is an attempt to demonstrate that falsification of a certain piece of knowledge is itself a piece of knowledge that is grounded on the adequate reasons of its soundness.

16

Niewerbalne sposoby wyrażania negacji w kulturze hausa

88%

Will I.

Afryka

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2017

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issue 45

11-32

EN

Gestures, at first glance, look like spontaneous movements of hands that help the speaker to produce the utterance. A more detailed analysis shows that these movements are strictly associated with certain concepts, and rather than being random, they are meaningful and systemic. The first part of the paper contains an overview of gestures of negation used by Hausa speakers (both emblems and co-speech gestures). In the second part, four types of co-speech gestures are scrutinised: shaking the index finger sideways, hand scissors, brushing the palms against each other and brushing the back of the hands. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the gestures in question co-occur with the specific markers of negation and emphasize one of the meanings or functions of the negation, such as prohibition, refusal, rejection, denial, nonexistence and totality.

17

Natural Syntax: Negation in English

88%

Orešnik J.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2007

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vol. 43

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issue 1

97-111

EN

Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory, a branch of Naturalness Theory. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in "deductions", whose chief components are a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values. Parallel and chiastic alignments are distinguished, in complementary distribution. Here almost only chiastic alignment is utilized, the latter being mandatory in derivations limited to unnatural environments. (This paper deals with negation, a phenomenon of low naturalness in Natural Syntax.)The exemplification is taken from English. The following pairs of variants are dealt with in deductions: (1) Is there somebody else? vs. Is there nobody else? (2) Nobody vs. nothing. (3) She is not lazy vs. She does not like ice cream. (4) Absence vs. presence of not with no and any. (5) The adverb nowhere clause-initially and clause-internally. (6) Nowhere expressing rest and movement. (7) Pronouns with no- used as subject or object vs. pronouns with any- used as object. (8) Not with finite and non-finite verbs. (9) He hadn't vs. he didn't have. (10) The adverb never in situ and ex situ. (11) No money vs. not any money in conversation. (12) The determiner no vs. the pronoun none.

18

Из наблюдений над способами выражения отрицания в церковнославянском тексте русского извода

88%

Szwed Z.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2021

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vol. 46

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issue 2

293-303

EN

The article describes the specificity of the changes that took place in the process of dissemination of double negation, typical for Slavic languages, visible in the Ruthenian recension of Church Slavonic texts. The reflections on the achievements in the field are enriched with the results of research on the text of Gospel No. 7 from the collection of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA F. 381. Op. 1 Unit hr 7), which has not been analyzed so far in terms of the issues raised. Nearly three hundred negative structures were subjected to observations. In order to determine the number of single negation cases in relation to double negation the main focus was on structures such as: (1) ni Pron + V, (2) ni Pron + ne V oraz (3) ne V + ni Pron. It was determined, among other things, that their use was influenced by both the literature tradition and live language with elements of the northern dialect of the East Slavonic. On the other hand, the analysis of the negative structures preceding homogeneous parts of the sentence revealed the tendency, manifested onthe leaves of the monument, to transform towards the norm of the contemporary Russian language.

19

Effect of Prosody on Disambiguation: A Case of Universal Quantifier and Negation

88%

Ananth P., Kamiya M.

Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition

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2015

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vol. 1

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issue 1

EN

This study is concerned with L2 Japanese learners’ interpretation of scopally ambiguous sentences containing negation and universal quantifier using prosodic cues. It has been argued, in previous literature, that native adult speakers of English as well as Japanese interpret such sentences both on their surface (total negation) as well as inverse scope (partial negation) readings in the presence of prosodic cues. The present study shows, however, that L2 Japanese speakers predominantly favor the total negation reading even in situations where the prosodic cues point them to the partial reading. These outcomes indicate that L2 learners of Japanese do not attach “optimal relevance” to prosodic cues when disambiguating scopally ambiguous sentences. The results also imply that for L2 Japanese learners, clues other than prosody may be required to carry out disambiguation.

20

Abstract Logic of Oppositions

88%

Schang F.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2012

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vol. 21

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issue 4

415-438

EN

A general theory of logical oppositions is proposed by abstracting these from the Aristotelian background of quantified sentences. Opposition is a relation that goes beyond incompatibility (not being true together), and a question-answer semantics is devised to investigate the features of oppositions and opposites within a functional calculus. Finally, several theoretical problems about its applicability are considered.

Refine search results

The End of Life As “Non” Death

Processing Negation in the Context of Adjectival Antonymy

Négation et le non-dit. Vers le sens social de la Russie dans la presse écrite française

Negation in Weak Positional Calculi

Negative-mutational verbs and presupposition in Czech

Metafora w dyskursie politycznym

What is a Genuine Intuitionistic Notion of Falsity?

Don’t pay attention to what you see! Negative commands and attention bias

Adolf Reinach, Negative States of Affairs and the Concept of Omission

Sztuczne raje prawdopodobieństwa. O funkcjach negowania w wierszu pt. Dworzec Wisławy Szymborskiej i jego angielskim przekładzie autorstwa Stanisława Barańczaka i Clare Cavanagh

Negation im Alznerischen

A Meinongian minefield? The dangerous implications of nonexistent objects

Co-constructive Logics for Proofs and Refutations

Negation and lexical morphology across languages: Insights from a trilingual translation corpus

Skepticizmus – rôzne podoby, rôzne problémy

Niewerbalne sposoby wyrażania negacji w kulturze hausa

Natural Syntax: Negation in English

Из наблюдений над способами выражения отрицания в церковнославянском тексте русского извода

Effect of Prosody on Disambiguation: A Case of Universal Quantifier and Negation

Abstract Logic of Oppositions