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EN
The area between the upper course of the Narew and the central Bug hosts only a few early medieval hillforts; the one located in the vicinity of Zbucz village seems to be the oldest. The hillfort which comes either from the late 9th century or the early 10th century, is a ring-type structure. During excavations, preserved remains of a burnt-down bank structure were discov¬ered together with the bank build-up. What differentiates this venue from similar ones is an internal ditch in which burnt human bones were excavated, accompanied by ornaments and daily use objects. This is reason to believe that on top of serving as a shelter, the stronghold was also a venue of ceremonies or cult activities. In 2015 the area was subjected to geophysi¬cal research which resulted in a better insight into the structures excluded from excavations.
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EN
The article aims to show the possibility of studying events from the recent history with the help archaeology of the contemporary past. The reader will have the opportunity to get to know historical and ethnographic sources related to the anti-communist underground unit headed by a commander nicknamed “Tarzan”. The article will also present the relics of earthworks (bunkers, dugouts). They will be interpreted using archaeological methods.
EN
During the last years of Emperor Trajan’s reign, the Legio IV Scythica was stationed in the capital of Armenia at that time, Artaxata. It had made its way there within the scope of the Roman campaign against the Parthians. Its presence was immortalised on stamped rooftiles, bricks and a monumental inscription discovered by the southern border of the present-day village of Pokr Vedi. The inscription carved into limestone confirms the building activities of the Roman army. Similar inscriptions were frequently placed on the gates and most important buildings in legionary camps.Polish and Armenian archaeologists undertook a joint search for the supposed camp of the Fourth Scythian Legion in the vicinity of the present-day village of Pokr Vedi, where the above-mentioned construction inscription had been found. The field surveys conducted within the framework of the Pokr Vedi Project were mainly of a non-invasive character. The following were applied: surface prospection, aerial photography, interviews with the inhabitants, scanning of part of the terrain and geophysical measurements done using two methods: electrical resistivity and magnetic measurements. The accumulated data enabled the selection of sites in which survey trenches were located.
EN
The article presents changes taking place in the cultural landscape in the Łobez Land after 1945 in the context of socio-economic changes and their consequences for the security of the archaeological heritage.
EN
In the first part of the paper, the authors present the history of studies, in particular on mounds and mound cemeteries in the area of the Wieliczka and Wiśnicz Foothills and areas adjoining them in the north, namely the Cracow and Bochnia Foothills. Subsequently, the authors tackle new discoveries in the area of vast forest complexes, related to the possibility of using modern technologies. In particular, this refers to the making of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data available. Presumed mound cemeteries in Bochnia-Kolanów, site No. 120 and in Łapczyca, site No. 90, were discussed in detail. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was generated for them, and subsequently, geo-magnetic and soil survey studies were carried out. As a result of field surveys and the above-listed studies, fourteen possible mounds were identified at site No. 120 in Bochnia-Kolanów and thirty-five at site No. 90 in Łapczyca. The performed work is preparatory with respect to the planned excavation studies which are meant to confirm the chronology of the discovered sites.
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu została przedstawiona historia badań w szczególności nad kopcami i cmentarzyskami kurhanowymi na obszarze Pogórza Wielickiego i Wiśnickiego wraz z przylegającymi do nich od północy: Przedgórzem Krakowskim i Bocheńskim. Następnie poruszono zagadnienia nowych odkryć na terenach rozległych kompleksów leśnych związanych z możliwością wykorzystania nowoczesnych technologii. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim udostępnienia danych LiDAR (ang. Light Detection and Ranging). Szerzej omówione zostały domniemane cmentarzyska kurhanowe w Bochni-Kolanowie, stan. 120 i Łapczycy, stan. 90. Stworzony został dla nich Numeryczny Model Terenu, a następnie przeprowadzono badania geomagnetyczne oraz gleboznawcze. W wyniku prospekcji terenowych oraz wspomnianych badań zidentyfikowano 14 możliwych kopców na stanowisku 120 w Bochni-Kolanowie i 35 na stanowisku 90 w Łapczycy. Poczynione prace mają charakter przygotowawczy przed planowanymi badaniami wykopaliskowymi mającymi potwierdzić chronologię odkrytych stanowisk.
PL
Obecnie badacze mają liczne wątpliwości odnośnie do historii kształtowania zespołu pałacowo-parkowego w Otwocku Wielkim. Aby potwierdzić lub odwołać narosłe w powojennej literaturze hipotezy, konieczne są kompleksowe badania. Z różnych względów – merytorycznych i praktycznych – najkorzystniejsze będzie przeprowadzenie w pierwszej kolejności badań nieinwazyjnych przy zastosowaniu współczesnych technik pomiarowych: grawimetrii, fotogrametrii i innych pomocniczych. Nie ma pewności, czy domniemany, istniejący tu pierwotnie dwór, a później pałac, został w całości podpiwniczony i czy między piwnicami na całej ich długości była komunikacja, której brak było między budynkami na powierzchni. Piwnice dostępne są tylko w pewnym zakresie, bowiem po II wojnie światowej nigdy ich nie odkopano, a z racji kosztów oraz z powodu podmokłych gruntów bardzo trudno przeprowadzić w tym miejscu badania metodami wykopaliskowymi. Pałac jest zarówno na ścianach wewnętrznych, jak i zewnętrznych otynkowany, co utrudnia badanie murów granicznych, a także w punktach stycznych (określenie ich grubości, warstw i przebiegu), jak również otworów i przewodów kominowych. Teren zielony wokół pałacu na wyspie oraz poza nią nie był dotąd przed¬miotem badań. Poza dostarczeniem konkretnych informacji umożliwiających wyjaśnienie historii powstawania i atrybucji zabytków, wobec braku dokumentacji archiwalnej, podjęte prace posłużą jako przykład możliwości wykorzystania metod nieinwazyjnych, którymi dotąd rzadko posługiwali się konserwatorzy, a jeszcze rzadziej badacze architektury. Wyniki tych badań być może zrewolucjonizują wyobrażenia o pałacu w Otwocku Wielkim.
EN
At present, researchers have numerous doubts about the history of shaping of the palace and park complex in Otwock Wielki. In order to confirm or revoke hypotheses developed in post-war literature, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive research. For various reasons – both substantive and practical – it will be most beneficial to con¬duct non-invasive tests first, using modern measurement techniques: gravimetry, photogrammetry and other auxiliary techniques. It is not certain whether the allegedly existing original manor house, and later the palace, had a full basement and whether there were passageways between the basements along their entire length, which did not exist between the buildings on the surface. The basements are accessible only to a certain extent, because after World War II they were never excavated, and due to the costs and wetlands it is very difficult to carry out excavation in this place. The palace is plastered on both internal and external walls, which makes it difficult to examine the boundary walls, as well as contact points (determining their thickness, layers and course), as well as openings and chimney flues. The green area around the palace, both on and off the island, has not yet been researched. In addition to providing concrete information to explain the history of the creation and attribution of monuments, in the absence of archival documentation, the works undertaken will serve as an example of the possibility of using non-invasive methods, which until now have rarely been used by conservators and even less frequently by architectural researchers. The results of this research may revolutionize the idea about the palace in Otwock Wielki.
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