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EN
This is an overview of long-term studies (1966-1997) on the bank vole - Clethrionomys glareolus (Photo 1). population inhabiting Crabapple Island in NE Poland. The history of recognition of causes affecting population dynamics as well as variable interpretation of the facts comprising the theory of functional relations in that population is described. Meandering ideas can be illustrated by Fig. 1. The population dynamics (each year data on population numbers in April, July, and October are shown) is presented in Fig. 2. The evidence is provided that the population exhibits a weak 3.8 year and a much more clear 9.4-year cycle (Fig. 3). The number of sexually mature females, that is those able to reproduce, has been relatively stable and independent of the population size or of the immature female numbers (Fig. 4). The reason is the territoriality of mature females: the female territory (part of the female home range) cannot be visited by other mature females. A tendency toward territoriality was also noted among mature males, which numbers were limited by the availability of mature females, and therefore also relatively stable. Such a social system can be considered gynocentric.
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Odporność nornicy rudej na boreliozę

72%
PL
Nornica ruda jest leśnym gryzoniem stanowiącym główny rezerwuar bakterii z rodzaju Borrelia, wywołujących boreliozę. Jednocześnie wykształciła odporność na zakażenie bakteryjne przez utrwalenie się pewnych wariantów genu receptora błonowego TLR2 odpowiedzialnego za rozpoznanie patogenu i aktywację odpowiedzi immunologicznej. Różne warianty genu wyewoluowały w wyniku presji selekcyjnej spowodowanej przez krętki z rodzaju Borrelia. U nornic w Szwecji wykazano istnienie trzech odrębnych grup haplotypów w obrębie częściowej sekwencji (1173 pz) tego genu. Dwie wyodrębnione grupy haplotypów (c1 i c2) były bezpośrednio związane z odsetkiem zakażonych nornic. W zależności od posiadanych wariantów genów zakażenie wśród osobników wahała się od 16 do 50%. Ponadto wykazano, że sekwencja ta u nornicy rudej jest pod wpływem selekcji pozytywnej. Osobniki z taką adaptacją mogą uzyskać przewagę ewolucyjną w środowisku o dużym zagęszczeniu zakażonych krętkami z rodzaju Borrelia wektorów, głównie kleszczy.
EN
Bank vole is a highly adaptive forest species of rodent. It is known to be a reservoir of Borrelia sp. spirochetes, the etiological agent of Lyme disease. Bank vole also developed the adaptation in membrane Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene to avoid disease development. TLR2 is involved in pathogen recognition and initiation of immune response. In Swedish populations of bank vole three different groups of haplotypes of TLR2 gene partial sequence (1173 bp) were found. The frequencies of two of them (c1 and c2) were directly correlated with the incidence of Lyme disease in bank vole populations. Morbidity among vole populations varied from 16 to 50% and depended on gene variants. Higher resistance was found in populations, where c2 TLR2 haplotypes were present. Recent studies have shown that TLR2 sequence in bank vole is under positive selection. Individuals with adaptive variants (c2 group) may have had an evolutionary advantage in environments with high frequency of infected vectors (mainly ticks).
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