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EN
The article discusses the issue of conservation objectives of the Natura 2000 area. The basis for their analysis is the Habitats Directive and the Polish Act on Nature Conservation together with plans of conservation tasks. It is a key legal instrument for the proper management of the Natura 2000 area and the European network of Natura 2000 sites. Its importance is recognized in the legal interpretations made by the Court of Justice and non-binding documents of the European Commission. However, the question should be asked whether such an important, and indeed fundamental for Natura 2000, institution should not be clearer and more precisely regulated by the European legislator. Lack of unambiguous norms of the directive may cause discrepancies in defining the objectives of Natura 2000 protection both at the level of various EU Member States and at the national level – in relation to individual Natura 2000 areas in a given country.
PL
Celem opracowania jest ocena funkcjonowania gospodarstw z chowem krów mlecznych beneficjentów pakietu 4. Cenne siedliska i zagrożone gatunki ptaków na obszarach Natura 2000 będącego częścią Działania rolno-środowiskowo-klimatycznego realizowanego w Programie Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich (PROW) 2014-2020 na tle analogicznych gospodarstw z tych samych gmin. Analizą porównawczą objęto 44 gospodarstw beneficjentów i 140 gospodarstw z chowem krów mlecznych z 36 gmin w Polsce. Analizę wykonano korzystając z danych gospodarstw rolnych prowadzących rachunkowość dla Polskiego FADN w 2016 roku. Ustalono, że gospodarstwa beneficjentów na tle gospodarstw pozostałych miały m.in. niewiele mniejszy dochód w przeliczeniu na 1 FWU, aczkolwiek z większym udziałem dopłat do działalności operacyjnej. Poza tym, w analizowanym roku obydwie grupy gospodarstw charakteryzowały się ujemną stopą inwestycji netto.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę przybliżenia problematyki funkcjonowania obszarów wiejskich objętych obszarami Natura 2000, która została utworzona w celu zachowania dziedzictwa przyrodniczego naszego kontynentu. Analizie zostały poddane uregulowania prawne kształtujące reżim ochronny obszarów Natura 2000 pod kątem ich wpływu na różnego rodzaju działalność podejmowaną na obszarach wiejskich. Rozważono przede wszystkim uregulowania prawne dotyczące aktów planowania i ich wpływu na działalność podejmowaną na wiejskich obszarach Natura 2000 oraz uregulowania prawne dotyczące podejmowania i prowadzenia działalności na wiejskich obszarach Natura 2000.
EN
The article attempts to approximate the issue of the functioning of rural areas covered by Natura 2000 network. Rural areas are often covered by various forms of nature conservation, including the youngest of them – the Natura 2000 network. The Natura 2000 network was created to preserve the heritage our natural continent. The legal regulations shaping the protection regime of Natura 2000 areas will be subjected to scrutiny in the range of their impact on the various types of activities undertaken in rural areas. The legal regulations concerning planning acts and their impact on activities undertaken on rural Natura 2000 areas and legal regulations regarding taking up and conducting activities in rural Natura 2000 areas will be mainly considered.
EN
Background. Natura 2000 is a conservation network developed in all EU member countries. It is designated to support the long-term survival of most valuable and threatened species and habitats. Almost half of the Sudetes area, where tourism is one of the significant functions, is included in that network. The main aim of the paper was to evaluate the role of Natura 2000 sites for the socioeconomic development of the Sudetes municipalities, especially for tourism development. Material and methods. The research materials were the main planning and strategic documents for the local development (117 documents in total). The research was conducted in 44 Sudetes municipalities. The authors took into account the attitudes towards Natura 2000 areas and the comprehensiveness of the approach to the problem. Results and conclusions. The local authorities find Natura 2000 sites an im­por­tant opportunity for local development. However, their role is not usually precisely explained. Neutral attitude dominates in the analysed documents. Generally, Natura 2000 sites are not perceived as a threat for tourism development in the analysed municipalities.
EN
European Ecological Network Natura 2000 is a system of protection of threatened components  of biodiversity in the EU. The legal basis for the creation of the Natura 2000 network is Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds (Birds Directive) and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive).Natura 2000 sites are the youngest form of nature conservation in Poland. The author presents developing and geographical location of the Natura 2000 network in the Lublin Region. Against the background of Poland, the Lublin Region has the most – 123 – designated Natura 2000 sites: 100 habitat sites and 23 birds sites. These areas are extremely diverse in terms of location, area andcharacter. Location of Natura 2000 in the Lublin Region is uneven. Their position refers in large part to a pre-existing network of the protected areas. Only 5 habitat sites and 23 bird sites designatedin areas not covered so far areal forms of nature conservation. None of Lublin Natura 2000 areas has, as required by law, protection plans, for the eight habitat sites there are created conservation work plans. Also missing is good, kept up to map, the entire Natura 2000 network in Poland and the Lublin Region. The process of creating the Natura 2000 network in Poland is still ongoing. To meet the Natura 2000, its role of protection of species and habitat conservation plans are needed and theirconsistent implementation, taking into account the investment process and building public support for the existence and functioning of the newest forms of nature conservation in our country.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
EN
Background. Nature-based tourism is becoming more and more popular. It is focused principally on natural resources, which can be found in different protected areas. One of them are the Natura 2000 sites, which constitute a key part of nature conservation in all European Union member states. The main aim of the paper was to evaluate the potential of natural habitats for nature-based tourism at Lower Silesian Natura 2000 sites. Material and methods. The main research materials are Standard Data Forms, the completion of which is obligatory for all European Natura 2000 sites. The research was conducted for 83 Lower Silesian sites. The authors took into account the types of habitats, their forms (priority or non-priority), coverage and degree of conservation. Results and conclusions. There are 2333 types of natural habitats at the analysed region. They cover 87 722.7 ha, most of which (62%) comprise forest habitats. They are mainly well (47%) and excellently (41%) conserved. There are 28 sites with the highest potential, which are situated in the Sudetes and their Foreland.
EN
Background. The main aim of the paper was to evaluate prospects of tourism development by analysing the tourism impacts in Lower Silesian Natura 2000 sites. According to the European Union law, it can be the reason to reduce tourism flows and investments at this kind of protected areas. Material and methods. The main research materials were plans of protection tasks, which were analysed. The research was conducted in 49 Lower Silesian sites. The authors took into account the types of tourism impact and of threatened plants, animals, and habitats. Results and conclusions. Nowadays, a half of the analysed Natura 2000 sites are not threatened by tourism activities or impacts. Neither is tourism going to be limited at one third of the total number of Natura 2000 sites in the future. Bats are the species being threatened the most. Outdoor tourism activities, such as hiking, horse riding, cycling, mountaineering, rock climbing, and speleology, and the related infrastructure are the most frequently recorded as influential and can be limited in the future in some areas.
EN
The article presents the main assumptions concerning the functioning of Natura 2000 sites in Europe, with particular emphasis on Polish regulations. These areas of high natural value directly influence the shape of nature conservation and the state of the climate. In this latter context, legal norms and legislators face the challenge of finding such a legal framework to prevent the progressive degradation of the climate. The functioning Natura 2000 sites in Poland as one of the forms of nature protection may be helpful in this respect, provided that the plans of protection tasks are adapted to the changing environmental conditions.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono główne założenia dotyczące funkcjonowania obszarów Natura 2000 w Europie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem regulacji polskich. Tereny te, cenne przyrodniczo, bezpośrednio wpływają na kształt ochrony przyrody oraz stan klimatu. W tym ostatnim kontekście przed normami prawnymi i legislatorami stają wyzwania znalezienia takich ram prawnych, aby zapobiec postępującemu degradowaniu klimatu. Funkcjonujące obszary Natura 2000 w Polsce jako jedna z form ochrony przyrody mogą w tym zakresie okazać się pomocne, o ile plany zadań ochronnych zostaną dostosowane do zmieniających się uwarunkowań środowiskowych.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie procedury przeprowadzania ocen oddziaływania na środowisko w przypadku realizacji przedsięwzięć geologicznych i górniczych na obszarach Natura 2000. Rozważania w tym zakresie były podejmowane już w literaturze, temat ten jest jednak warty ponownej analizy, ponieważ na obszarze sieci Natura 2000 znajduje się obecnie wiele złóż różnych kopalin. W pierwszej części artykułu zostały przedstawione pokrótce podstawowe definicje związane z obszarami Natura 2000. W dalszej kolejności wskazano rodzaje ocen oddziaływania na środowisko, które mogą zostać przeprowadzone przy realizacji przedsięwzięć geologicznych i górniczych, a następnie pokrótce autor przeanalizował poszczególne procedury. Na zakończenie zostały przedstawione wnioski płynące z tej analizy.
EN
The presentation of the procedure of environmental impact assessment of geological and mining projects at the Natura 2000 areas is the main aim of this paper. Reflections in this field have already been made in literature. But it is worth to analyse again this topic, because there are still a lot of mineral deposits at the Natura 2000 areas, and the growing number of new areas, as well as the existing ones, severely hampers the taking up and pursuit of the geological and mining activity. In the first part of the paper some remarks about the definitions connected with Natura 2000 areas are presented. Later the types of the environmental assessment impact, which may be conducted during the realisation of geological and mining projects are mentioned and discussed. At the end conclusions from this analyse are presented.
RU
Целю настоящей статьи является презентация процесса осуществления оценки воздействия на окружающую среду для геологических и горных предприятий на территория Натура 2000. Хотя эта тема уже обсуждалась в литературе, то стоит её снова проанализировать, так как на территории сети Натура 2000 находится теперь много месторождений разных полезных ископаемых. В первой части статьи представляется коротко основные дефиниции связанные с территориями Натура 2000. Во второй указывается на виды оценки воздействия на окружа- ющую среду, которые могут осуществляться для геологических и горных предприятий, а в следующем автор их анализирует. На конец представлено итоги возникшие в результате анализа.
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