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EN
The aim of this article is to present the Crisis Management System in the Ministry of National Defence, forms of cooperation, and the role of the Polish Armed Forces, using the example of NATO's crisis response operations. The paper has been divided into several subchapters, each describing the essential elements determined by the goal of this paper, which form an integrated view of the described probloc. The following elements are specified: the crisis management system in the Ministry of National Defence, NATO crisis response operations as an international aspect of the crisis management system, and the Polish Armed Forces in NATO crisis response operations shown using examples of crisis response operations.
EN
The article features problems of applying selected methods of strategic analysis of environment to be applied in NATO crisis response operations’ planning. The strategic analysis allows carrying out a diagnosis of the enterprise’s status quo and its environment and also its assessment and forecast. Due to the simplicity of its conducting, the analysis is applied to recognise crisis situations’ environment which then is used to build an operation plan. Two methods have been presented in a synthetic way i.e. PEST analysis (military version of PMESII) as well as scenarios of environment states. Both analyses are based on the diagnosis of such areas as political, military, economic, social, cultural, infrastructural and international ones.
EN
The aim of this article is to present current views binding in the US Armed Forces on conducting stabilization operations. These viewpoints were analysed basing on selected doctrinal documents and combat handbooks on the level of the Defense Department and chosen armed forces’ branches. The article shows the importance that is applied to a complex approach to the planning, organization and carrying out stabilization operations and the significance of such operations in the US defense doctrine. The starting point for considerations of this problem is an assessment of these operations’ quantitative growth and level of complexity, as well as defining the stabilization operation notion. The importance of synchronization of military and non-military factors, as well as the coordination of activities of elements designated by the armed forces and non-military entities which is attached in US doctrinal documents are presented.
EN
Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC) is now an integral part of any operation which, both in the Polish Armed Forces and similarly other NATO countries, was structured basing on experiences in the Balkans. Poland in its implementation of CIMIC took advantage largely on what had been developed and created in NATO staffs, adopting the procedures to national capabilities. Until then, its implementation had been uncoordinated and scattered among other executive cells. The origin and development of CIMIC in the Polish Armed Forces is closely connected with the evolution of battlefield conditions as well as new requirements and challenges resulting from international obligations related to Poland’s membership in international organizations such as, among others, NATO, the UN and the EU.
EN
The paper is the continuation of the publication entitled “The Development of Civil and Military Cooperation. Part 1” (Obronność, Zeszyty Naukowe no.2 (18)/2016). In both articles, the author attempts to answer the question of what factors, and to what extent, affected the development of Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC) in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. The first part analyses the origin of, and the reasons for establishing, CIMIC, and the process of its institutionalization in the Polish and NATO Armed Forces, as well as the influence of the international humanitarian law of armed conflict on creating CIMIC and on its evolution. In the second part, the author describes the manner in which the expe-rience gathered in the previous conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in Iraq, influenced the development of CIMIC. Moreover, the paper also analyses what the link is between the professionalization of the Polish Armed Forces and the development of civil and military cooperation.
PL
Pod pojęciem colere (kultury) należy wskazywać znaczący i jednocześnie główny czynnik je konstytuujący, jakim jest ludzka społeczność. Kultura istnieje w ścisłym powiązaniu z człowiekiem i jego działalnością. Zaś każdy z nas poprzez przynależność do określonych grup społecznych może kreować system, jakim jest kultura. Zachodząca interakcja podkreśla wpływ kultury na postępowanie człowieka oraz na ludzką umiejętność modelowania i tworzenia „podstaw kulturowych”. Kultura kształtuje ludzkie indywidualności, które z czasem ją wzbogacają i udoskonalają, bądź też odwrotnie – wpływają na jej stopniowe zatracanie. Oznacza to, że człowiek istnieje dzięki kulturze i kultura – pozytywnie – istnieje bądź – negatywnie – zanika poprzez ludzkie działania. Dynamiczne trendy w rozwoju cywilizacyjnym państw, zmiany w środowisku naturalnym, postęp w nauce, technice i technologii, głównie informacyjnej, sprawiają, że pojawianie się nowych scenariuszy polityki bezpieczeństwa militarnego musi nieść ze sobą nowe narzędzia społeczno-kulturowe. Ciągła dynamika tych zjawisk wymaga od naszych obecnie tworzonych Sił Zbrojnych, głównego podmiotu dźwigającego ciężar utrzymania bezpieczeństwa militarnego kraju, nowego i niekonwencjonalnego, lecz zdecydowanego reagowania nawet na niewielkie konflikty regionalne, które z czasem mogą stać się niebezpieczne dla Polski. Reagowanie na pojawiające się zagrożenia nie będzie aktem jednostronnym i krótkotrwałym, jak wskazują doświadczenia w byłej Jugosławii i na Bliskim Wschodzie. Przez długi czas bezpieczeństwo państw oparte było na sile militarnej. Siła i suwerenność stanowiły kamienie węgielne systemu państw narodowych. Budowie siły wojskowej podporządkowane zostały inne komponenty stanowiące o pozycji państwa: zasoby naturalne, położenie geograficzne, potencjał demograficzny, stan zaawansowania naukowego i technologicznego itp. Z czasem stan ten uległ zmianie. Po drugiej wojnie światowej powstały dwa bloki państw skupione wokół mocarstw dysponujących potężną siłą wojskową. Narastanie potencjałów militarnych po obu stronach nie powodowało konieczności ich użycia. Potencjały te stały się doskonałym środkiem odstraszania i politycznego oddziaływania na swoich przeciwników.
EN
Deriving from the very concept, colere (culture) should indicate a significant, and at the same time, the main factor which is a human society. Culture exists in close proximity to people and their activities. Subsequently, through participation in a particular social group, everyone may create a system which is called culture. The foregoing interaction highlights the impact of culture on human behaviour and the people’s ability to model and create “the foundations of culture”. Culture forms the human individuality, which over time improves and enriches it, or on the contrary – affects its gradual loss. This means that man exists due to culture – and culture positively coexists or negatively disappears through human actions. Dynamic trends in the civilizational development of countries, changes in the environment, progress in science, engineering and technology, and in particular information lead to the appearing of new socio-cultural tools for new policy scenarios of military security. The constant dynamism of these phenomena requires, from our currently formed Armed Forces, mainly bearing the burden of maintaining military security, but also new, unconventional and at the same time resolute response, even to minor regional conflicts which incidentally may become dangerous for Poland over time. Responding to emerging threats will not be unilateral or brief, as the experiences in the former Yugoslavia and in the Middle East indicate. For a long time, the security of the states was based on military force. Force and sovereignty were the cornerstones of the system of national states. The rest of the military structure was subordinated to the remaining components of the state, e.g., natural resources, geographic location, demographic potential, scientific and technological advancement, etc. Over time, this condition has changed. After the Second World War, two alliances of states centered around the empires of powerful military forces were formed. The rise of military potentials on both sides did not cause the necessity to their use. These potentials have become a great means of deterrence and political influence on their opponents.
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